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Haghzad T, Khorsand B, Razavi SA, Hedayati M. A computational approach to assessing the prognostic implications of BRAF and RAS mutations in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03911-3. [PMID: 38886331 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid cancer, posing a growing clinical challenge. PTC exhibits two age-related peaks, with established risk factors including family history and radiation exposure. Managing even low-risk, localized PTC cases remain complex, with growing interest in active surveillance as an alternative to immediate surgery. This study employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to explore the predictive value of BRAF and RAS mutations in PTC, shedding light on their impact on disease progression and outcomes. The analyses emphasized the significance of BRAF and RAS mutations in tumor advancement, particularly the unique BRAF V600E mutation associated with aggressive features. The methodology involved scRNA-Seq analysis of PTC and normal samples, unveiling distinct cell clusters and indicating upregulated BRAF and RAS genes. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted altered biological processes and immune-related pathways in PTC. The study consolidated previous research showing the prevalence of BRAF and RAS mutations in PTC, subtypes with distinct molecular profiles, and the impact of TERT promoter mutations on disease severity. In summary, this study unveils the complex interplay of genetic mutations and the cellular microenvironment in PTC through scRNA-Seq. The upregulated BRAF and RAS genes suggest their roles as PTC drivers, and pathway enrichment reveals alterations in immune-related processes. This synthesis of prior research enhances our understanding of PTC's molecular foundations, informing better prognosis and personalized treatment approaches. These insights advance the landscape of PTC management and provide directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Haghzad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Babak Khorsand
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - S Adeleh Razavi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kim Y, An S, Park J, Bae JS, Kim JS, Kim K. Clinical Implication of Bilateral and Unilateral Multifocality in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3596. [PMID: 37509259 PMCID: PMC10377715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is commonly characterized by multifocality, which is associated with aggressive features and a less favorable prognosis. The current study aimed to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics and long-term oncological outcomes of bilateral and unilateral multifocal PTC. The medical records of 1745 patients with multifocal PTC who underwent thyroid surgery at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathological characteristics and recurrence rates were compared based on cancer laterality. Further, 357 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were matched to investigate the recurrence risk and disease-free survival (DFS). Before propensity score matching (PSM), there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the bilateral and unilateral multifocal PTC groups. Cancer laterality was not a predictor of DFS based on the Cox regression analyses. However, after PSM, unilateral multifocality was associated with a significantly high risk of recurrence. Similarly, unilateral multifocality was associated with a significantly poor DFS based on the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Compared with bilateral PTC, unilateral multifocal PTC was associated with a poor DFS. A comprehensive preoperative examination should be performed to detect multifocality before the initial surgical intervention for optimal treatment. Postoperative short-term follow-up is recommended for unilateral multifocal PTC for recurrence surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Solji An
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseon Park
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Seong Bae
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Lai Y, Gu Y, Yu M, Deng J. Younger Than 55 Years Old and BRAF V600E Mutation are Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas ≤1.0 cm but Not in >1.0 cm. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1403-1414. [PMID: 37155469 PMCID: PMC10122992 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s408588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on the relationship between BRAF V600E mutation and the clinicopathologic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), risk of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) have shown inconsistent results. Methods In this retrospective analysis, clinicopathological data of the patients were collected, and molecular testing was done for BRAF V600E mutation. PTC patients are divided into PTC≤1.0cm (PTMC) and PTC>1.0cm, and the relationship between BRAF V600E mutation and clinicopathologic features was analyzed respectively. Results Of the 520 PTC patients, 432 (83.1%) were female and 416 (80.0%) were <55 years old. BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 422 (81.2%) tumour samples of PTC. There was no significant difference in the frequency of BRAF V600E mutation between different age groups. There were 250 (48.1%) patients with PTMC and 270 (51.9%) patients with PTC>1.0cm. BRAF V600E mutation was significantly associated with bilateral cancer (23.0% vs 4.9%, P=0.005) and lymph node metastasis (61.7% vs 39.0%, P=0.009) in PTMC patients, while BRAF V600E mutation was significantly associated with bilateral cancer (24.9% vs 12.3%, P=0.048) in PTC>1.0cm patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for gender, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and calcification, we found that younger age (<55 years old) (OR: 2.384, 95% CI: 1.241-4.579, P=0.009) and BRAF V600E mutation (OR: 2.213, 95% CI: 1.085-4.512, P=0.029) were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in PTMC, similar results were not obtained in PTC>1.0cm. Conclusion Younger age (<55 years old) and BRAF V600E mutation was independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis in PTMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqian Lai
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yeqian Lai, Department of Thyroid Surgery, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yihua Gu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqin Deng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
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Yang Z, Heng Y, Qiu W, Tao L, Cai W. Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis Differences in Patients with Unilateral or Bilateral Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Multi-Center Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164929. [PMID: 36013169 PMCID: PMC9410044 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purposes: To quantitatively predict the risk of neck lymph node metastasis for unilateral and bilateral papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMC) that may guide individual treatment strategies for the neck region. Methods: A total of 717 PTMC patients from three medical centers were enrolled for analysis. Results: Bilateral PTMCs were demonstrated to be more aggressive with a much higher cervical lymph node metastasis rate including for both central (CLNM) and lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) when being compared to unilateral PTMCs. In unilateral PTMC, five (age < 55 years old, male, maximum tumor diameter (MTD) ≥ 0.5 cm, and the presence of thyroid capsular invasion (TCI) and multifocality) and three (maximum diameter of positive CLN (MDCLN) > 0.5 cm, the presence of multifocality and nodular goiter, iNG) factors were identified as independent risk factors for CLNM and LLNM, respectively. In bilateral PTMC, three (age < 55 and presence of TCI and multifocality in at least one side of thyroid lobe) and two (MDCLN > 0.5 cm and presence of nodular goiter (iNG)) factors were identified as independent factors for CLNM and LLNM, respectively. Predictive models of CLNM and LLNM for patients with unilateral disease and of CLNM for patients with the bilateral disease were established based on the described risk factors. Bilateral patients with positive CLNM were also stratified into different subgroups according to the presence and absence of independent risk factors. Conclusion: An evaluation system based on independent factors of CLNM and LLNM for PTMC patients with bilateral and unilateral disease was established. Our newly established evaluation system can efficaciously quantify risks of CLNM and LLNM for PTMC patients with bilateral and unilateral disease and may guide individual treatment strategy including both surgical and postoperative adjuvant treatment of the neck region for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Heng
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weihua Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of General Surgery, Civil Aviation Shanghai Hospital, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Lei Tao
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (W.C.)
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (W.C.)
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Ma T, Wu FH, Wu HX, Fa Q, Chen Y. Long Non-Coding RNA MCM3AP-AS1: A Crucial Role in Human Malignancies. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610194. [PMID: 35783356 PMCID: PMC9243217 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer continues to grow and is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) is a group of RNA transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length, and although it cannot encode proteins, it can regulate different biological functions by controlling gene expression, transcription factors, etc. LncRNA micro-chromosome maintenance protein 3-associated protein antisense RNA 1 (MCM3AP-AS1) is involved in RNA processing and cell cycle-related functions, and MCM3AP-AS1 is dysregulated in expression in various types of cancers. This biomarker is involved in many processes related to carcinogens, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and migration. In this review, we summarize the roles of MCM3AP-AS1 in different human cancers and its biological functions with a view to providing ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fa-Hong Wu
- Department of General Surgery Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xia Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiong Fa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The 940th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Chen,
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Correlation between Ultrasonographic Appearance of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma and BRAF V600E Mutation. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5916379. [PMID: 35356255 PMCID: PMC8959952 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5916379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the correlation between the ultrasonographic appearance of a thyroid nodule and the BRAF V600E mutation. Patients with thyroid nodules (n = 186), for which BRAF V600E testing and cytopathology analysis were performed, and who underwent subsequent surgery for nodule resection were enrolled in this study. For each patient, color Doppler ultrasonography was performed to observe the variables of the nodules. The nodules were then characterized using the thyroid imaging reporting and data system classification TI-RADS. Furthermore, the ultrasonographic appearance of the control group, encompassing patients with nodular thyroid goiters, and the case group, encompassing patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), was statically analyzed. Similarly, a statistical analysis of the ultrasonographic appearance of the BRAF V600E-positive and BRAF V600E-negative subgroups was also performed. The accuracy was significantly different for the corresponding values when color Doppler ultrasonography, BRAF V600E testing, or cytopathology alone was used for diagnosis. There were significant differences in the ultrasonographic appearance variables between the control and case groups. Comparing with the BRAF V600E-negative subgroup of the case group, the ultrasonographic appearances of the BRAF V600E-positive subgroup showed less circumscribed and more irregularly shaped nodules, with significantly different aspect ratios of >1. The combination of BRAF V600E testing and color Doppler ultrasonography or cytopathology improved the accuracy of the PTMC diagnose. We found that the ultrasonographic appearance of thyroid nodules was related to PTMC.
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7
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Li L, Li P, Chen X, Kang L, Ye Y. Diagnostic value of puncture feeling combined with BRAF V600E mutation in repeat US-FNA biopsy of Bethesda III thyroid nodules. Gland Surg 2021; 10:2019-2027. [PMID: 34268086 DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The diagnosis and treatment of Bethesda III thyroid nodules has always been controversial. Our aim is to study the value of puncture feeling combined with BRAF V600E mutation detection in the diagnosis of Bethesda III thyroid nodules in repeat fine needle aspiration (FNA). Methods From January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021, a total of 1,114 thyroid nodules were included, of which Bethesda III thyroid nodules accounted for 12.1%. We analyzed the correlation between puncture feeling and postoperative pathology. Then, the diagnostic value of puncture feeling in Bethesda III thyroid nodules and the mutation rate of BRAF V600E in repeated FNA and its correlation with puncture feeling were analyzed. Results The results showed that there was a significant correlation between puncture feeling and postoperative pathology in the 1114 thyroid nodules (P<0.001). Additionally, 93.4% (299/320) of the thyroid nodules with soft puncture feeling were benign, 89.0% (460/517) of the thyroid nodules with hard puncture feeling were malignant, and 93.1% (258/277) of the thyroid nodules with a puncture feeling of hard with grittiness were malignant. There was high consistency of puncture feelings among different operators (P<0.001). The distribution of puncture feeling between benign and malignant thyroid nodules was significantly different (P<0.001) in Bethesda III thyroid nodules. In the puncture feeling ROC curve of Bethesda III thyroid nodules based on pathology, the AUC was 0.895 (95% CI: 0.817-0.973, P<0.001). In repeat FNA, BRAF V600E was significantly correlated with puncture feeling (P<0.001). BRAF V600E mutation was found in 22 (68.8%) malignant nodules. Conclusions Puncture feelings of hard and hard with grittiness were malignant risk factors. Repeated FNA and BRAF V600 mutation detection should be performed for Bethesda III thyroid nodules with a hard or hard with grittiness puncture feeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Graduate, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuquan Ye
- School of Graduate, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Fullmer T, Cabanillas ME, Zafereo M. Novel Therapeutics in Radioactive Iodine-Resistant Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:720723. [PMID: 34335481 PMCID: PMC8321684 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.720723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine-resistant cancers account for the vast majority of thyroid related mortality and, until recently, there were limited therapeutic options. However, over the last decade our understanding of the molecular foundation of thyroid function and carcinogenesis has driven the development of many novel therapeutics. These include FDA approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors and small molecular inhibitors of VEGFR, BRAF, MEK, NTRK and RET, which collectively have significantly changed the prognostic outlook for this patient population. Some therapeutics can re-sensitize de-differentiated cancers to iodine, allowing for radioactive iodine treatment and improved disease control. Remarkably, there is now an FDA approved treatment for BRAF-mutated patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer, previously considered invariably and rapidly fatal. The treatment landscape for iodine-resistant thyroid cancer is changing rapidly with many new targets, therapeutics, clinical trials, and approved treatments. We provide an up-to-date review of novel therapeutic options in the treatment of iodine-resistant thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Fullmer
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria E. Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mark Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark Zafereo,
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Huang K, Gao N, Bian D, Zhai Q, Yang P, Zhang Y. Associations of BRAF V600E, clinical pathology and imaging factors with the recurrence rate of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:243. [PMID: 33178341 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the recurrence rate of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) was assessed by analyzing postoperative follow-up data of affected patients and its associations with BRAF V600E, clinical pathology and imaging factors were explored. A total of 506 patients with PTMC were selected who underwent surgery from January 2014 to March 2016. The maximal diameter of thyroid nodules was ≤1 cm and all patients who underwent BRAF V600E testing and evaluation for lymph node metastasis. Postoperatively, each patient was regularly followed up to detect recurrence. Categorical variables were comparatively analyzed using univariate Cox linear regression analysis to screen for protective and adverse factors influencing recurrence of PTMC. A stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis was performed to explore risk factors affecting recurrence. Among the 506 patients, 477 were followed up, 29 were lost to follow-up and 26 patients experienced recurrence. The 5-year recurrent rate of PTMC was 5.45%. The univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that PTMC recurrence was influenced by BRAF V600E, sex, multifocality, capsular invasion and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), but not by age, tumor location on the thyroid, size, single central lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and operative approach (P>0.05). The significant factors associated with recurrent PTMC were subjected to stepwise multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis and the results indicated that BRAF V600E, sex, multifocality and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis were independent factors influencing recurrence in patients with PTMC, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In conclusion, BRAF V600E, sex, multifocality and lateral cervical lymph node metastasis are independent risk factors for recurrent PTMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Gao
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Donglin Bian
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Qixi Zhai
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Puxu Yang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Rashid FA, Munkhdelger J, Fukuoka J, Bychkov A. Prevalence of BRAFV600E mutation in Asian series of papillary thyroid carcinoma-a contemporary systematic review. Gland Surg 2020; 9:1878-1900. [PMID: 33224863 PMCID: PMC7667088 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, is frequently driven by BRAFV600E mutation, which was reported in 35-60% cases in Western series. Numerous studies have recently emerged from Asian countries and regions; however sufficient summary is lacking to date. BRAF mutation serves as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in thyroid cancer, therefore establishing a rate of BRAF on the national scale could be of practical significance. We performed systematic reviews of available literature to investigate the prevalence of BRAF mutation in series of PTC from various Asian countries and regions. Out of the total 3,966 reports identified via initial screening, 138 studies encompassing over 40,000 PTCs were included for the final analysis. A vast majority (90.2%) of PTCs with known BRAF status were from East Asia, including China, South Korea, and Japan, with BRAF mutation rates of 71.2%, 75.5%, and 70.6%, respectively. Less abundant Indian and Saudi Arabian series found 45.6% and 46.3% prevalence of BRAFV600E in PTC, respectively. Much limited evidence was available from Thailand, Iran, Kazakhstan, Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Philippines, Vietnam, Iraq, and Myanmar. No relevant publications were found from other highly populated countries, such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Malaysia. After grouping by geographic region, we found that the highest rate of BRAFV600E was reported in the PTC series from East Asia (76.4%). Much lower rate (45-48%) was seen in PTC cohorts from South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East while the Southeast Asian series were in between (57%). Further subgroup analysis revealed that studies employing fresh frozen tissue and fine-needle aspirates showed higher rates of BRAF compared to those used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. We found that the PTC series enrolled patients' cohorts after 2010 demonstrated a higher rate of BRAF compared to the earlier series. Finally, pediatric PTCs had lower BRAF prevalence compared to the baseline rate for the country. In conclusion, despite considerable among and within countries heterogeneity, the Asian PTC series showed a higher prevalence of BRAFV600E mutation than that in Western series. Causes of geographic heterogeneity, whether genuine (etiology, genetics) or methodology-related should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Abdul Rashid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Junya Fukuoka
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Andrey Bychkov
- Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Associations of the BRAF V600E Mutation and PAQR3 Protein Expression with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Clinicopathological Features. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1833-1841. [PMID: 31758408 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The BRAFV600E mutation is the most prevalent genetic event in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, no study has investigated the expression of PAQR3 in papillary thyroid tissues in relation to the BRAFV600E mutation and the clinicopathological features of PTC patients. Furthermore, the potential associations of the BRAFV600E mutation, PAQR3 expression and clinicopathological parameters in the cancerous tissues of PTC patients have not been investigated. This study was conducted on 60 patients with PTC who were treated surgically at our institution from 2017 to 2018. PCR was used to amplify DNA by the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) method to detect BRAFV600E gene mutations. In addition, immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to assess PAQR3 expression in tumor tissue sections. The BRAFV600E mutation was associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM, p < 0.05) but not with other clinicopathological features. Low PAQR3 expression was associated with extrathyroidal extension and LNM (χ2 = 7.143, p = 0.009; χ2 = 6.459, p = 0.014, respectively). Furthermore, a statistically significant association was observed between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and LNM (χ2 = 5.275, p = 0.0250). A linear relationship between the BRAFV600E mutation and PAQR3 protein expression has not been identified. These factors may be independent risk factors of extrathyroidal extension and LNM in PTC and be used to indicate the invasiveness of PTC tumors. Higher quality, multivariate analyses based on larger samples from around the world are urgently needed to further validate and revise our findings in the future.
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Shi D, Wang H, Ding M, Yang M, Li C, Yang W, Chen L. MicroRNA-26a-5p inhibits proliferation, invasion and metastasis by repressing the expression of Wnt5a in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6605-6616. [PMID: 31496749 PMCID: PMC6701645 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s205994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancer (TC) is considered as the fastest growing malignancy in the human endocrine system, particularly papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). MicroRNAs (miRs) serve as a role in promoting or suppressing tumors in various types of malignant tumor including PTC. This study aims to explore whether microRNA-26a-5p (miR-26a-5p) could affect the proliferation, invasion and metastasis ability of PTC cells by regulating Wnt5a. Materials and methods The expression of miR-26a-5p was examined by qRT-PCR in PTC tissue samples (58 cases, mean age 53 years old) and PTC cell lines (K1 and BCPAP). Cell proliferation, invasion and migration were tested with CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, transwell invasion assay and wound healing assay, respectively. Luciferase reporting experiment was used to verify that Wnt5a is a molecular target of miR-26a-5p. The relationship between miR-26a-5p and Wnt5a was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot and was further proved by Pearson's correlation analysis. Animal (24 nude mice) experiments were used to demonstrate that miR-26a-5p inhibits tumor growth by targeting Wnt5a. Results The expression of miR-26a-5p declined in PTC tissues (P<0.01). The expression of miR-26a-5 was also significantly down-regulated in PTC tissues with advanced TNM stages (P<0.01) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01) compared with normal thyroid tissues. Compared with normal human thyroid cell line Nthy-ori 3-1, the expression of miR-26a-5p in K1 cells and BCPAP cells were nearly 4.02-fold (P<0.01) and 2.51-fold (P<0.01) reduced. Up regulation of miR-26a-5p inhibited proliferation, colony formation, invasion and migration of PTC cells. MiR-26a-5p negatively regulated Wnt5a expression (r=-0.887, P<0.01), yet Wnt5a overexpression reversed the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-26a-5p in PTC. Animal experiments further verified that miR-26a-5p inhibited PTC growth by targeting Wnt5a. Conclusion Overexpression of miR-26a-5p depresses proliferation, invasion, metastasis of PTC via Wnt5a. Therefore, miR-26a-5p may represent a potentially effective target gene for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Shi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjian Ding
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province 061000, People's Republic of China
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Liang M, Jia J, Chen L, Wei B, Guan Q, Ding Z, Yu J, Pang R, He G. LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 promotes proliferation and invasion through regulating miR-211-5p/SPARC axis in papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2019; 65:318-326. [PMID: 31030335 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an emerging class of regulators in cancer. A lncRNA, MCM3AP-AS1, has been demonstrated as a versatile mediator in many cancers, except papillary thyroid cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the role and mechanism of MCM3AP-AS1 in papillary thyroid cancer. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the level of MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-211-5p in papillary thyroid cancer tissues and cells. Western blot was used to detect E-cadherin and secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) protein levels. CCK-8, scratch wound assay, and transwell assay were used to evaluate papillary thyroid cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, respectively. BLAST alignment and luciferase assay were used to explore the interaction among MCM3AP-AS1, mi/r-211, and SPARC. RESULTS In papillary thyroid cancer, MCM3AP-AS1 was upregulated, while miR-211 was downregulated. MCM3AP-AS1 overexpression promoted papillary thyroid cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion. Further, MCM3AP-AS1 was shown to be negatively correlated with miR-211-5p. We next validated that miR-211-5p overexpression could reverse the promoting role of MCM3AP-AS1 in papillary thyroid cancer, whereby SPARC plays an important regulating role. In vivo, we confirmed the anti-tumor role of MCM3AP-AS1 silencing and the close relation among MCM3AP-AS1, miR-211-5p, and SPARC. CONCLUSIONS MCM3AP-AS1 promotes papillary thyroid cancer by regulating the MCM3AP-AS1/miR-211-5p/SPARC axis, which could potentially be a therapeutic target in papillary thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Jia
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyue Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Guan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Ding
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Pang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing He
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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