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Fleischer S, Hess M, Brusis T. [From expert opinion practice: Vocal cord immobility after intubation: Recurrent nerve paresis or arytenoid luxation?]. Laryngorhinootologie 2022; 101:422-427. [PMID: 35500580 DOI: 10.1055/a-1807-0987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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耿 志, 高 为, 王 东. [Clinical outcomes of vocal fold immobility after tracheal intubation]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2020; 53:337-340. [PMID: 33879908 PMCID: PMC8072416 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence of postoperative vocal cord immobility in patients following endotracheal intubation underwent general anesthesia. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled patients who underwent surgical procedures with endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia from January 2014 to December 2018 in Peking University First Hospital. Demographic and treatment data were obtained for patients with hoarseness and vocal cord fixation. The incidence of postoperative hoarseness and vocal cord fixation were presented and clinical outcomes were further analyzed. RESULTS A total of 85 998 patients following tracheal intubation and general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Hoarseness was observed in 222 (0.26%) patients postoperatively. Sixteen patients (73%) were accomplished with symptoms of choking on water, dysphonia and sore throat. Twenty-nine patients with persistent hoarseness on the third postoperative day needed further treatment by otolaryngologists. Among them, seven patients had pharyngolaryngitis and twenty-two patients (0.026%) were demonstrated postoperative vocal cord immobility. There were seventeen patients (77%) with left-side vocal cord fixation and five patients (23%) with right-side vocal cord fixation. Nine patients were identified with arytenoid dislocation. Seven patients had left vocal cord fixation and two patients had right-side vocal cord fixation. Seven patients were intubated under the guidance of visual laryngoscope. One patient was confirmed difficult airway and intubated with light wand. One patient was inserted with laryngeal mask airway. One patient was suspected to have hoarseness caused by gastric tube before anesthesia. One patient showed simultaneously left recurrent laryngeal nerve abnormality on laryngeal electromyography result. The symptom of hoarseness ranged between 6 and 31 days. Three patients underwent closed reduction under local anesthesia and one patient demonstrated spontaneous recovery. Among the remaining thirteen patients with vocal cord immobility, two patients were demonstrated vocal cord paralysis. Eleven patients underwent neck surgery, thyroid surgery and cardiothoracic surgery and further examinations including laryn-geal electromyography and computed tomography help to determine the diagnosis were not performed. All patients were treated with inhaled corticosteroid conservatively. Five patients had significant improvement of symptom and almost regained normal voice. One patient had slight improvement and sixteen patients were not relieved before discharge. CONCLUSION Patients with hoarseness and vocal fold immobility after endotracheal intubation should be treated properly and immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- 志宇 耿
- 北京大学第一医院麻醉科,北京 100034Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - 为华 高
- 北京大学第一医院耳鼻喉与头颈外科,北京 100034Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - 东信 王
- 北京大学第一医院麻醉科,北京 100034Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
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Irwin RS, Dudiki N, French CL. Life-Threatening and Non-Life-Threatening Complications Associated With Coughing: A Scoping Review. Chest 2020; 158:2058-2073. [PMID: 32565267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is an update of the section on complications that are associated with coughing in the 2006 CHEST cough guidelines that addresses two aims: (1) to systematically identify and thematically categorize the diverse complications of cough by providing a guide for future studies and (2) to identify gaps in the literature for future research. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the potential complications that are associated with the act of coughing that have been reported in infants, children, adolescents, and adults? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A scoping review was performed with the use of PubMed and SCOPUS databases that were searched from their beginning until September 6, 2019. RESULTS Two hundred forty-seven publications met our inclusion criteria. To these, we added 38 articles from the 2006 complications paper that were not identified in the literature search plus the paper itself for a final total of 286 publications that formed the basis of this review. Since 2006, three new categories of complications have been reported: ear, nose and throat; disease transmission; and laboratory testing. Multiple additional complications that fall outside of these three categories have also been identified and included in the following categories: cardiovascular, constitutional symptoms, dermatologic, GI, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, neurologic, ophthalmologic, psychosocial/quality of life, and respiratory. Not previously highlighted is that some of the complications led to serious morbidity that included death, especially in patients with comorbid conditions, and potentially resulted in harm to others when cough resulted in a motor vehicle accident. INTERPRETATION Our work identified a large number of cough complications that we thematically categorized primarily by organ system so that future studies of each system or each complication can be conducted. The gap in the literature that future studies should address is to identify the frequency of the complications and the strength of their association with cough. Only then will one be able to describe the findings in a manner that allows specific recommendations for avoiding these complications. In the meantime, patients with cough should be evaluated and treated according to evidence-based guidelines to mitigate or prevent the myriad of potential complications that are associated with coughing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Irwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.
| | - Natasha Dudiki
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Cynthia L French
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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Frosolini A, Marioni G, Maiolino L, de Filippis C, Lovato A. Current management of arytenoid sub-luxation and dislocation. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:2977-2986. [PMID: 32447498 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the current management of arytenoid subluxation/dislocation (AS/AD) focusing on diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic controversies. METHODS The international literature of the last 20 years has been considered. After the application of inclusion criteria, 20 studies were selected (471 AS/AD cases in total). RESULTS All the included investigations were retrospective case series. AS/AD was often iatrogenic occurring at least in 0.01% of patients undergone endo-tracheal intubation. The most common symptom was persistent hoarseness. The diagnosis was made by video-laryngoscopy and neck computed tomography in most reports, while some used also laryngeal electromyography. Laryngeal electromyography was fundamental to rule out unilateral vocal fold paralysis, the main differential diagnosis. The surgical relocation of AS/AD under general or local anesthesia was achieved in about 80% of patients. CONCLUSION AS/AD is a mechanical disorder of the larynx that can be successfully treated if promptly diagnosed. Clinical trials and multi-centric studies are necessary to set management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Frosolini
- Audiology Unit at Treviso Hospital, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, Piazzale Ospedale 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Gino Marioni
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- ENT Section, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cosimo de Filippis
- Audiology Unit at Treviso Hospital, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, Piazzale Ospedale 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Andrea Lovato
- Audiology Unit at Treviso Hospital, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, Piazzale Ospedale 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy.
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Chun EH, Baik HJ, Chung RK, Lee HJ, Shin K, Woo JH. Arytenoid cartilage dislocation mimicking bilateral vocal cord paralysis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8514. [PMID: 29137052 PMCID: PMC5690745 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Arytenoid dislocation is very rare and may be misdiagnosed as vocal cord paralysis or a self-limiting sore throat. PATIENT CONCERNS A 70-year-old male (70 kg, 156 cm) was scheduled for transurethral resection of bladder tumors. A McGrath videolaryngoscope, with a basic cuffed Mallinckrodt oral tracheal tube of 7.5 mm internal diameter, was used to successfully intubate his trachea. The duration of surgery was 25 minutes. In the recovery room, he complained of sore throat and dyspnea with inspiratory stridor, which were not resolved after intravenous injection of 10 mg of dexamethasone. DIAGNOSES The otolaryngological examination revealed midline fixation of the bilateral vocal folds, suggestive of bilateral arytenoid dislocation or bilateral vocal cord palsy. The latter was ruled out because there was no evidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. INTERVENTIONS Under general anesthesia, a closed reduction was performed using laryngoscopic forceps to apply posterolateral pressure on the arytenoid joints on both sides. Only the dislocation of the left cricoarytenoid joint could be easily reduced, whereas reduction of the right joint was not possible. OUTCOMES On postoperative day 7, examination with a rigid laryngoscope showed a medially fixed right vocal fold, with full compensation by the left vocal fold. Computed tomography of the neck showed no pathologic findings. Six weeks after surgery, the patient had regained his normal voice with no complications. LESSONS Although arytenoid dislocation is a rare complication, it should be considered even in patients with uncomplicated tracheal intubation. Early diagnosis and the optimal therapeutic approach are critical for restoration of the patient's original vocal cord function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun H. Chun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University
| | - Hee J. Baik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University
| | - Rack K. Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University
| | - Hun J. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangseob Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae H. Woo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University
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Tuzuner A, Demirci S, Bilgin G, Cagli A, Aydogan F, Ozcan KM, Samim EE. Voice Assessment After Treatment of Subacute and Chronic Cough With Inhaled Steroids. J Voice 2015; 29:484-9. [PMID: 25704467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhaled steroids are widely used for persistent cough treatment. Although the side effects of long-term inhaled steroids have been well described in the literature, their laryngeal side effects after short-term use have not yet been defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1 month application of inhaled steroid treatment on voice parameters in patients with subacute or chronic cough. Furthermore, the efficacy of inhaled steroids on cough was investigated, as well. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 46 patients (27 females and 19 males) with a persistent cough lasting at least 3 weeks and treated with inhaled steroids. All patients were examined by a pulmonologist and lung auscultation where a posteroanterior chest X-ray and spirometry were performed. The patients were also examined by an otolaryngologist. Anterior rhinoscopy, flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy, and laryngostroboscopy were performed. Also, the patients' acoustic voice analyses were performed and recorded using a multidimensional voice program. Cough symptom index (CSI) scores were used to evaluate the response to treatment. Patients with an underlying disease that was unresponsive to inhaled steroids were excluded from study. The 46 patients were administered inhaled budesonide 400 mcg twice a day, for 1 month, and their acoustic voice analyses were performed again at the end of the treatment. In addition, CSI scores were determined after stopping medication. RESULTS When pretreatment and posttreatment acoustic voice analysis parameters (Fo, Jita, Jitt, Shim, APQ, vAm, and NHR) were compared, statistically significant differences were detected for vAm (P = 0.001) and F0 (P0.003). After treatment with inhaled steroids, the CSI score reduced from 3 to 1 (median), and the difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled budesonide treatment in the proper dose seems to be an effective treatment for persistent cough, in the selected patient group. In addition, short-term budesonide application did not cause any negative effects on the voice parameters in these patients. These findings may be related to the steroid formulation used, the application method, and the duration of treatment. Further studies are needed on a larger group of patients with different formulations of inhaled steroids to clarify aforementioned issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Tuzuner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Health, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sule Demirci
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Health, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulden Bilgin
- Department of Pulmonology, Ministry of Health, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Cagli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Health, Islahiye State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Filiz Aydogan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Health, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kursat Murat Ozcan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Health, Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Etem Erdal Samim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Health, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Teng Y, Wang HE, Lin Z. Arytenoid cartilage dislocation from external blunt laryngeal trauma: evaluation and therapy without laryngeal electromyography. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1496-502. [PMID: 25150338 PMCID: PMC4152251 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intubation trauma is the most common cause of arytenoid dislocation. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of arytenoid cartilage dislocation from external blunt laryngeal trauma in the absence of laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) and to explore the role of early attempted closed reduction in arytenoids cartilage reposition. Material/Methods This 15-year retrospective study recruited 12 patients with suspected arytenoid dislocation from external blunt laryngeal trauma, who were evaluated through 7 approaches: detailed personal history, voice handicap index (VHI) test, indirect laryngoscope, flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope, video strobolaryngoscope, and/or high-resolution computed tomography (CT), and, most importantly, the outcomes after attempted closed reduction under local anesthesia. They were divided into satisfied group (n=9) and dissatisfied group (n=3) based on their satisfied with voice qualities at 1 week after the last closed reduction manipulation. Results Each patient was diagnosed with arytenoid dislocation caused by external blunt laryngeal trauma. In the satisfied group, VHI scores and maximum phonation time (MPT) at 1 week after the last reduction were significantly improved compared with those before the procedure (P<0.05). Normal or improved mobility and length of the affected vocal fold were also noted immediately after the end of the last closed reduction. The median time interval between injury and clinical intervention in satisfied group was 43.44±34.13 days, much shorter than the median time of 157.67±76.07 days in the dissatisfied group (P<0.05). Conclusions Multimodality assessment protocols are essential for suspected arytenoid dislocation after external blunt laryngeal trauma. Early attempted closed reduction should be widely recommended, especially in health facilities without LEMG, mainly, because it could be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of this disease. In addition, early closed reduction could also improve the success of arytenoid reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoshu Teng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Hui-e Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Zhihong Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (mainland)
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Friedman AD, Kobler JB, Landau-Zemer T, Barbu AM, Burns JA. High-force simulated intubation fails to dislocate cricoarytenoid joint in ex vivo human larynges. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2013. [PMID: 23193908 DOI: 10.1177/000348941212101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the likelihood of arytenoid dislocation during intubation through the application of controlled force. METHODS Six cadaveric human larynges were mounted in an apparatus for simulating forcible collision with the arytenoid complexes. An endotracheal tube tip probe (ETTP) was used to push one arytenoid complex, and a non-slip probe (NSP) was tested on the other. Increasing pressure was applied until the probes either slipped or reached 5 kg of force. Dissection was then performed to assess the integrity of the cricoarytenoid ligament. The forces obtained by pushing an endotracheal tube against an electronic balance were measured to estimate the maximal possible intubating force. RESULTS None of the ETTP or NSP trials disrupted the cricoarytenoid joint ligaments, and the joint never appeared to be dislocated. The mean maximal forces were 1.8 kg for the ETTP (after which, slippage consistently occurred) and 4.7 kg for the NSP. The mean maximal forces from an endotracheal tube pushed against a scale were 1.5 kg (without stylet) and 4.6 kg (with stylet). CONCLUSIONS Arytenoid dislocation did not happen, and gross disruption of the joint capsule or ligament did not occur, even when the testing approximated the maximum force achievable under extreme conditions. Endotracheal tube insertion thus seems unlikely to cause arytenoid dislocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Friedman
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts. Boston, MA, USA
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