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Fei X, Yong W, Zhang D, Cui J. Advances in fibreoptic ductoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of pathologic papillary overflow. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23211. [PMID: 38163111 PMCID: PMC10754873 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibreoptic mammography is widely recognised as the first screening method for pathologic papillary overflow due to its significant advantages in the diagnosis of ductal dilatation, intraductal papilloma and intraductal carcinoma. The use of fibreoptic ductoscopic excisional biopsy techniques, such as biopsy needles, vacuum negative pressure aspiration, biopsy forceps and grasping baskets, has not been promoted largely due to their existing deficiencies. The imaging effect of fibreoptic ductoscopy compared with electronic ductoscopy is also one of the important factors limiting the progress of microscopic excisional biopsy techniques. Finding a more suitable operating space for electronic fibreoptic ductoscopy and the use of electrosurgical excision biopsy techniques should be the focus of research in view of achieving accurate diagnoses in electronic fibreoptic ductoscopy and microscopic excision biopsy. In this review, the development history, clinical application and existing problems of fibreoptic ductoscopy are reviewed and assessed to provide references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pathologic papillary overflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fei
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, People's Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Wei Yong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital (Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Chengdu Medical College), China
| | - Dongxiao Zhang
- Department of Breast, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jianchun Cui
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, People's Hospital of China Medical University, China
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Yang WS, Zhang Y, Wang HL, Zhang FF. A retrospective study of ductoscopy combined with immediate methylene blue staining in nipple discharge diseases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19344. [PMID: 37935786 PMCID: PMC10630295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) combined with methylene blue staining immediately after FDS procedure on pathological nipple discharge diseases. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 122 patients with nipple discharge, who underwent FDS and surgical treatment at the Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery of Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, was conducted. The demographic characteristics and surgical outcomes of all patients were assessed. According to the injection time of methylene blue, the patients were divided into the control and the observational groups. In the observational group, methylene blue was injected immediately after ductoscopy and then surgical treatment was performed 12-24 h later, while in the control group, methylene blue injection was just few minutes before surgery treatment. There was no significant difference in the demographic characteristics between the two groups such as age and disease course, in the observational group, the incision length 2.39 (0.48) cm, the volume of resected tissue 41.93 (40.57) cm3, the intraoperative blood loss 12.19 (2.10) ml and the operation duration 26.95 (4.51) min were significantly lower than those of the traditional group (P < 0.05). The average hospital stay 3.08 (0.62) days, breast shape satisfaction 4.78 (1.63) points and postoperative drainage tube placement [3 (5.08%) days] in the observational group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). FDS combined with immediate methylene blue staining, which has the advantages of accurate location of the diseased duct, small surgical incision, less tissue removal, and ease of finding the orifice of discharged mammary duct, and is worthy of widespread clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shi Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Tengzhou, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Tengzhou, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Hong-Ling Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Tengzhou, Tengzhou, 277500, China
| | - Feng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Tengzhou, Tengzhou, 277500, China.
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Patient-reported outcomes of ductoscopy procedures for pathologic nipple discharge. Breast Cancer 2020; 28:471-477. [PMID: 33180267 PMCID: PMC7925452 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Pathologic nipple discharge (PND) is a common complaint often associated with breast cancer. However, when ultrasound and mammography are negative, the chances of malignancy are lower than 5%. Currently, major duct excision and microdochectomy are often recommended to alleviate symptoms and definitely rule out malignancy, but can cause infections and breastfeeding problems. Ductoscopy is a minimally invasive endoscopy technique that allows visualization of the mammary ducts and may not only obviate surgery but also detect malignancy. The aim of this study was to determine quality of life (QOL) after ductoscopy in patients with PND. Materials and methods All PND patients referred for ductoscopy between 2014 and 2015 to our hospital were included. Ductoscopy procedures were performed under local anaesthesia in the outpatient clinic. Patients were asked to fill out questionnaires (Breast-Q, EQ-5D-5L and SF-36) on the day of ductoscopy, and after 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months. Additionally, we performed reliability analysis to determine if these questionnaires were suitable for PND patients. Results Fifty consecutive patients underwent ductoscopy of whom 47 patients participated in this study. One domain of SF-36 (vitality) varied significantly over time. Breast-Q, SF-36 and EQ-5D-5L showed that QOL after ductoscopy for PND was unaffected by ductoscopy. Success of the ductoscopy procedure was a significant predictor for satisfaction with the result domain. Conclusion Ductoscopy is a minimally invasive technique that does not seem to impact QoL of PND patients over time. Breast-Q, SF-36 and EQ-5D-5L seem to be suitable existing QOL tests for PND patients undergoing ductoscopy, whereas SF-36 would require modifications.
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Waaijer L, Filipe MD, Simons J, van der Pol CC, de Boorder T, van Diest PJ, Witkamp AJ. Detection of breast cancer precursor lesions by autofluorescence ductoscopy. Breast Cancer 2020; 28:119-129. [PMID: 32725533 PMCID: PMC7796885 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autofluorescence is an image enhancement technique used for the detection of cancer precursor lesions in pulmonary and gastrointestinal endoscopy. This study evaluated the feasibility of addition of autofluorescence to ductoscopy for the detection of intraductal breast cancer precursor lesions. METHODS An autofluorescence imaging system, producing real-time computed images combining fluorescence intensities, was coupled to a conventional white light ductoscopy system. Prior to surgery, ductoscopy with white light and autofluorescence was evaluated under general anaesthesia in women scheduled for therapeutic or prophylactic mastectomy. Endoscopic findings in both modes were compared, marked and correlated with histology of the surgical specimen. RESULTS Four breast cancer patients and five high-risk women, with a median age of 47 years (range 23-62) were included. In autofluorescence mode, two intraductal lesions were seen in two breast cancer patients, which had an increase in the red-to-green fluorescence intensity compared with the surrounding tissue. One lesion had initially been missed by white light ductoscopy but was clearly visible in subsequent autofluorescence mode. One endoscopic finding was classified as suspicious by white light, but was negative in autofluorescence mode and showed normal histology. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time the in vivo feasibility of autofluorescence ductoscopy to detect pathologically confirmed breast cancer precursor lesions in both breast cancer patients and high-risk women that were occult under white light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurien Waaijer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mando D Filipe
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine Simons
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen C van der Pol
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd de Boorder
- Department of Medical Technology and Clinical Physics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Joost Witkamp
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Filipe MD, Waaijer L, van der Pol C, van Diest PJ, Witkamp AJ. Interventional Ductoscopy as an Alternative for Major Duct Excision or Microdochectomy in Women Suffering Pathologic Nipple Discharge: A Single-center Experience. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 20:e334-e343. [PMID: 32081573 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathologic nipple discharge (PND) is, after palpable lumps and pain, the most common breast-related reason for referral to the breast surgeon and is associated with breast cancer. However, with negative mammography and ultrasound, the chance of PND being caused by malignancy is between 5% and 8%. Nevertheless, most patients with PND still undergo surgery in order to rule out malignancy. Ductoscopy is a minimally invasive endoscopic technique that enables direct intraductal visualization. The aim of this study was to evaluate (interventional) ductoscopy as an alternative to surgery in patients with negative conventional imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients with PND referred between 2010 and 2017 to our hospital for ductoscopy were retrospectively analyzed. Ductoscopy procedures were performed under local anesthesia in the outpatient clinic. The follow-up period was at least 3 months, and the primary outcome was the number of prevented surgical procedures. Furthermore, we evaluated possible complications after ductoscopy (infection and pain). RESULTS A total of 215 consecutive patients undergoing ductoscopy were analyzed. In 151 (70.2%) patients, ductoscopy was successful. In 102 procedures, an underlying cause for PND was visualized, of which 34 patients could be histologically proven and 82 patients treated. Sixty of the 215 patients were eventually operated, 8 owing to suspicious findings during ductoscopy, 42 owing to persistent PND, and 10 because of recurrent PND. In 7 patients, a malignancy was found (5 of them classified as suspicious at dusctoscopy). No serious side effects were seen. CONCLUSION Ductoscopy can be safely used as an alternative for surgery in the workup for PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mando Dyko Filipe
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Laurien Waaijer
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen van der Pol
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arjen Joost Witkamp
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Ma XP, Wang W, Kong Y, Ren Y, Liu SJ, Gao J, Wu DL, Den FS. A Novel Light-Emitting Wire Enhances the Marking and Visualization of Pathologic Mammary Ducts During Selective Microdochectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 23:796-800. [PMID: 26511262 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylene blue injection of lesions often is inaccurate, and ductoscopic wire marking does not facilitate easy identification of lesions during microdochectomy in patients with pathologic nipple discharge. The authors designed a light-emitting wire that can be inserted into pathologic mammary ducts to facilitate intraoperative duct identification and evaluated the efficacy of this device in patients undergoing selective microdochectomy. METHODS In this study, 69 patients being evaluated for pathologic discharge were randomized to undergo selective microdochectomy with either methylene blue pathologic duct marking or light-emitting wire pathologic duct marking. The patient clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared and evaluated. RESULTS Of the 69 study patients, 36 underwent selective microdochectomy guided by methylene blue injection, and 33 underwent light-emitting wire marking. No differences existed between the clinical and histologic characteristics or the diagnostic accuracies of the groups. In 11 (30.56%) of the 36 patients who underwent methylene blue marking, the ducts ruptured after the methylene blue was injected, and normal tissue around the duct was stained. Light-emitting wire marking was associated with a shorter surgical time and smaller surgical specimens. CONCLUSIONS The use of light-emitting wire marking enabled selective microdochectomy of pathologic ducts under visual guidance. Resection volume was reduced, and blinded extended resection was avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People Republic of China
| | - Yuan Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People Republic of China
| | - Yun Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People Republic of China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People Republic of China
| | - De-Ling Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Den
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People Republic of China.
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A Simple and Safe Technique for CT Guided Lung Nodule Marking prior to Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgical Resection Revisited. LUNG CANCER INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:235720. [PMID: 26579236 PMCID: PMC4633686 DOI: 10.1155/2015/235720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim. We describe our experience of a simple, safe, and reproducible technique for lung nodule marking prethoracoscopic metastasectomy. Thoracoscopic lung nodule resection reduces patient discomfort, complications, higher level of care, hospital stay, and cost; however, small deeply placed lung nodules are difficult to locate and resect thoracoscopically. Materials and Methods. We describe and review the success of our novel technique, where nodules are identified on a low dose CT and marked with methylene blue using CT fluoroscopy guidance immediately prior to surgery. Results. 30 nodules were marked with a mean size of 8 mm (4-18 mm) located at a mean depth of 17 mm, distributed through both lungs. Dye was detected at the pleural surface in 97% of the patients and at the nodule in 93%. There were no major complications. Thoracoscopic resection was possible in 90%. Conclusion. This is a simple and safe method of lung nodule marking to facilitate thoracoscopic resection in cases where this may not be technically possible due to nodule location.
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Scientific surgery. Br J Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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