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Gaujoux S, Regimbeau JM, Piessen G, Truant S, Foissac F, Barbier L, Buc E, Adham M, Fuks D, Deguelte S, Muscari F, Sulpice L, Vaillant JC, Schwarz L, Sa Cunha A, Muzzolini M, Dousset B, Sauvanet A. Somatostatin Versus Octreotide for Prevention of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula: The PREFIPS Randomized Clinical Trial: A FRENCH 007-ACHBT Study. Ann Surg 2024; 280:179-187. [PMID: 38662619 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pharmacological prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreatectomy is open to debate. The present study compares clinically significant POPF rates in patients randomized between somatostatin versus octreotide as prophylactic treatment. METHODS Multicentric randomized controlled open study in patient's candidate for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or distal pancreatectomy (DP) comparing somatostatin continuous intravenous infusion for 7 days versus octreotid 100 μg, every 8 hours subcutaneous injection for 7 days, stratified by procedure (PD vs DP) and size of the main pancreatic duct (>4 mm) on grade B/C POPF rates at 90 days based on an intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS Of 763 eligible patients, 651 were randomized: 327 in the octreotide arm and 324 in the somatostatin arm, with comparable the stratification criteria - type of surgery and main pancreatic duct dilatation. Most patients had PD (n=480; 73.8%), on soft/normal pancreas (n=367; 63.2%) with a nondilated main pancreatic duct (n=472; 72.5%), most often for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n=311; 47.8%). Almost all patients had abdominal drainage (n=621; 96.1%) and 121 (19.5%) left the hospital with the drain in place (median length of stay=16 days). A total of 153 patients (23.5%) developed a grade B/C POPF with no difference between both groups: 24.1%: somatostatin arm and 22.9%: octreotide arm (χ 2 test, P =0.73, ITT analysis). Absence of statistically significant difference persisted after adjustment for stratification variables and in per-protocol analysis. CONCLUSION Continuous intravenous somatostatin is not statistically different from subcutaneous octreotide in the prevention of grade B/C POPF after pancreatectomy. FINDINGS In the PREFIPS Randomized Clinical Trial including 651 patients, a total of 153 patients (23.5%) developed a grade B/C POPF with no significant difference between both groups: 24.1%: somatostatin arm and 22.9%: octreotide arm (χ 2 test, P =0.73, ITT analysis). Absence of statistically significant difference persisted after adjustment for stratification variables and in per-protocol analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Gaujoux
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Regimbeau
- Department of Oncology and Digestive Surgery, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
- University of Picardie Jules-Vernes, Amiens, France
| | - Guillaume Piessen
- Department of Digestive and Oncological Surgery, CHU Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Truant
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Frantz Foissac
- Clinical Research Unit Necker Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Louise Barbier
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, CHU Tours Trousseau, Tours, France
- University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuel Buc
- Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Estaing Hospital, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont-Ferrand Faculty of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mustapha Adham
- Digestive Surgery Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils of Lyon University, Lyon, France
| | - David Fuks
- Department of Digestive, Pancreatic, Hepatobiliary and Endocrine Surgery, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Deguelte
- Digestive Surgery Department, Reims University Hospital, Robert Debré Hospital, Reims, France
- Reims University Hospital, Robert Debré Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Fabrice Muscari
- Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Sulpice
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Digestive Surgery Hospital Rennes, Rennes, France
- Rennes University, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Vaillant
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Lilian Schwarz
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rouen, France
- Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Antonio Sa Cunha
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Saclay, France
| | - Milena Muzzolini
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Dousset
- Department of Digestive, Pancreatic, Hepatobiliary and Endocrine Surgery, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alain Sauvanet
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
- University Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Marichez A, Adam JP, Mauriac P, Passand GT, Fernandez B, Laurent C, Chiche L. Preemptive wirsungostomy: a safe fistula for avoiding a dreadful fistula in elective or planned pancreatoduodenectomy. HPB (Oxford) 2023:S1365-182X(23)00121-1. [PMID: 37183127 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk pancreatic anastomosis can lead to a high mortality rate after PD due to the development of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Performing a wirsungostomy by externalizing the pancreatic duct is a poorly known alternative to anastomosis which could reduce the risk of POPF and the associated severe morbidity METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent primary wirsungostomy with PD from January 2007 to December 2021 in our tertiary referral center. Rates of morbidity and mortality with long-term pancreatic functions were studied. RESULTS Sixty patients were included. The median Updated Alternative Fistula Risk Score (ua-FRS) was 52%, with 95% patients in the high-risk ua-FRS category and 88.3% patients with stage D risk of developing POPF according to the classification of the ISGPS. The mortality rate was 3.3%, and overall 90-day postoperative morbidity was 63.7% with 50% of patients developing major complications. Mean follow-up was 29.8 months. Twelve patients (20%) became diabetic and 35 patients (58.3%) had preserved pancreatic endocrine function CONCLUSION: Preemptive wirsungostomy with PD could be an appropriate procedure for patients with high-risk pancreatic anastomosis. The high associated morbidity could be compromised by the low mortality and preservation of endocrine function compared to total pancreatectomy or severe POPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Marichez
- Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, France; Inserm UMR 1312 - Team 3 "Liver Cancers and Tumoral Invasion". Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Adam
- Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul Mauriac
- Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Goudarz T Passand
- Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Fernandez
- Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Laurent
- Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Chiche
- Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, France; Inserm UMR 1312 - Team 3 "Liver Cancers and Tumoral Invasion". Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, University of Bordeaux, France.
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Beyond successful hemostasis: CT findings and organ failure predict postoperative death in patients suffering from post-pancreatoduodenectomy hemorrhage. HPB (Oxford) 2023; 25:252-259. [PMID: 36414509 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To predict postoperative death even after successful hemostasis in patients with post pancreatoduodenectomy pancreatic fistula-associated hemorrhage (PPFH). METHODS Patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) between September 2011 and August 2020 were identified. PPFH patients were enrolled in this retrospective case-control study and divided into the Cured and Death groups. Perioperative variables were analyzed, especially the characteristics of PPFH and CT image findings. RESULTS Among the 2732 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies, 63 patients (2.3%) were confirmed to have PPFH. The mortality rate of patients following PPFH was 50.8% (32/63). After univariate and multivariate analysis, organ failure 24 h before initial hemorrhage (P = 0.039, OR = 11.53, 95% CI: 1.14-117.00), CT imaging findings of the operative area bubble sign (P = 0.021, OR = 5.15, 95% CI: 1.28-20.79) and PJ dehiscence (P = 0.016, OR = 8.95, 95% CI: 1.50-53.38) were remained as significant predictive factors of postoperative death for PPFH patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients following PPFH showed a high mortality rate. Organ failure and CT evidence of pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) dehiscence and operative area bubble signs before initial hemorrhage may allow early prediction of postoperative death in PPFH patients.
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Malgras B, Dokmak S, Aussilhou B, Pocard M, Sauvanet A. Management of postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy. J Visc Surg 2023; 160:39-51. [PMID: 36702720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the main complication after cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy (CPD). Unlike its prevention, the curative management of POPFs has long been poorly codified. This review seeks best practices for managing POPFs after CPD. The diagnosis of a POPF is based on two signs: (i) an amylase level in drained fluid more than 3 times the upper limit of the blood amylase level; and (ii) an abnormal clinical course. In the standardised definition of the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery, a purely biochemical fistula is no longer counted as a POPF and is treated by gradual withdrawal of the drain over at most 3 weeks. POPF risk can be scored using pre- and intraoperative clinical criteria, many of which are related to the quality of the pancreatic parenchyma and are common to several scoring systems. The prognostic value of these scores can be improved as early as Day 1 by amylase assays in blood and drained fluid. Recent literature, including in particular the Dutch randomised trial PORSCH, argues for early systematic detection of a POPF (periodic assays, CT-scan with injection indicated on standardised clinical and biological criteria plus an opinion from a pancreatic surgeon), for rapid minimally invasive treatment of collections (percutaneous drainage, antibiotic therapy indicated on standardised criteria) to forestall severe septic and/or haemorrhagic forms, and for the swift withdrawal of abdominal drains when the risk of a POPF is theoretically low and evolution is favourable. A haemorrhage occurring after Day 1 always requires CT angiography with arterial time and monitoring in intensive care. Minimally invasive treatment of a POPF (radiologically-guided percutaneous drainage or, more rarely, endoscopic drainage, arterial embolisation) should be preferred as first-line treatment. The addition of artificial nutrition (enteral via a nasogastric or nasojejunal tube, or parenteral) is most often useful. If minimally invasive treatment fails, then reintervention is indicated, preserving the remaining pancreas if possible, but the expected mortality is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Malgras
- Digestive and endocrine surgery department, Bégin Army Training Hospital, 69, avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France; Val de Grâce School, 1, place Alphonse-Lavéran, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Dokmak
- Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery department, Paris-Cité University, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - B Aussilhou
- Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery department, Paris-Cité University, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - M Pocard
- Department of pancreatic and hepatobiliary digestive surgery and liver transplantation, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, 41-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; UMR 1275 CAP Paris-Tech, Paris-Cité University, Lariboisière Hospital, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - A Sauvanet
- Hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery department, Paris-Cité University, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, 92110 Clichy, France.
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Prevention and Treatment of Grade C Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247516. [PMID: 36556131 PMCID: PMC9784648 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a troublesome complication after pancreatic surgeries, and grade C POPF is the most serious situation among pancreatic fistulas. At present, the incidence of grade C POPF varies from less than 1% to greater than 9%, with an extremely high postoperative mortality rate of 25.7%. The patients with grade C POPF finally undergo surgery with a poor prognosis after various failed conservative treatments. Although various surgical and perioperative attempts have been made to reduce the incidence of grade C POPF, the rates of this costly complication have not been significantly diminished. Hearteningly, several related studies have found that intra-abdominal infection from intestinal flora could promote the development of grade C POPF, which would help physicians to better prevent this complication. In this review, we briefly introduced the definition and relevant risk factors for grade C POPF. Moreover, this review discusses the two main pathways, direct intestinal juice spillover and bacterial translocation, by which intestinal microbes enter the abdominal cavity. Based on the abovementioned theory, we summarize the operation techniques and perioperative management of grade C POPF and discuss novel methods and surgical treatments to reverse this dilemma.
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6
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Lee SJ, Choi IS, Moon JI. Conversion to pancreaticogastrostomy for salvage of disrupted pancreaticojejunostomy following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann Surg Treat Res 2022; 103:217-226. [PMID: 36304194 PMCID: PMC9582620 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2022.103.4.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to report on a pancreas-preserving strategy consisting of the conversion to pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) for the salvage of disrupted pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods This single-center retrospective study included 188 patients who underwent PD between March 2000 and June 2021. Conversion to PG was performed by placing the pancreatic stump with an internal stent in the stomach through the posterior gastrostomy and suturing the wound in 2 layers through the anterior gastrostomy. Results A total of 181 patients underwent PJ, while 7 underwent PG. Of all patients, 6 had International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula grade C postoperative pancreatic fistulae (POPF; 3.3%) and 23 had grade B POPF (12.7%). Two of the 6 grade C patients underwent completion pancreatectomy and died of liver failure after common hepatic artery embolization due to pseudoaneurysm. Conversion to PG was performed in 4, all of whom survived and experienced no long-term pancreatic fistulae, remnant pancreatic atrophy, or newly developed diabetes after a median follow-up period of 11.5 months. Conclusion Conversion to PG for the salvage of disrupted PJ following PD is safe and effective in selected patients that can lower mortality rates while maintaining pancreatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jae Lee
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In Seok Choi
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju Ik Moon
- Department of Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Yamamoto M, Zaima M, Yazawa T, Yamamoto H, Harada H, Yamada M, Tani M. Redo pancreaticojejunal anastomosis for late-onset complete pancreaticocutaneous fistula after pancreaticojejunostomy. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:223. [PMID: 35786384 PMCID: PMC9252026 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreaticojejunal (PJ) anastomosis occasionally fails several months after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with Child reconstruction and can ultimately result in a late-onset complete pancreaticocutaneous fistula (Lc-PF). Since the remnant pancreas is an isolated segment, surgical intervention is necessary to create internal drainage for the pancreatic juice; however, surgery at the previous PJ anastomosis site is technically challenging even for experienced surgeons. Here we describe a simple surgical procedure for Lc-PF, termed redo PJ anastomosis, which was developed at our facility. METHODS: Between January 2008 and December 2020, six consecutive patients with Lc-PF after PD underwent a redo PJ anastomosis, and the short- and long-term clinical outcomes have been evaluated. The abdominal cavity is carefully dissected through a 10-cm midline skin incision, and the PJ anastomosis site is identified using a percutaneous drain through the fistula tract as a guide, along with the main pancreatic duct (MPD) stump on the pancreatic stump. Next, the pancreatic stump is deliberately immobilized from the dorsal plane to prevent injury to the underlying major vessels. After fixing a stent tube to both the MPD and the Roux-limb using two-sided purse-string sutures, the redo PJ anastomosis is completed using single-layer interrupted sutures. Full-thickness pancreatic sutures are deliberately avoided by passing the needle through only two-thirds of the anterior side of the pancreatic stump. RESULTS The redo PJ anastomosis was performed without any intraoperative complications in all cases. The median intraoperative bleeding and operative time were 71 (range 10-137) mL and 123 (range 56-175) min, respectively. Even though a new mild pancreatic fistula developed postoperatively in all cases, it could be conservatively treated within 3 weeks, and no other postoperative complications were recorded. During the median follow-up period of 92 (range 12-112) months, no complications at the redo PJ anastomosis site were observed. CONCLUSIONS This research shows that the redo PJ anastomosis for Lc-PF we developed is a safe, feasible, and technically no demanding procedure with acceptable short- and long-term clinical outcomes. This procedure has the potential to become the preferred treatment strategy for Lc-PF after PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, 4-30 Moriyama 5-chomeShiga Prefecture, Moriyama City, 524-8524, Japan.
| | - Masazumi Zaima
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, 4-30 Moriyama 5-chomeShiga Prefecture, Moriyama City, 524-8524, Japan
| | - Tekefumi Yazawa
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, 4-30 Moriyama 5-chomeShiga Prefecture, Moriyama City, 524-8524, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, 4-30 Moriyama 5-chomeShiga Prefecture, Moriyama City, 524-8524, Japan
| | - Hideki Harada
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, 4-30 Moriyama 5-chomeShiga Prefecture, Moriyama City, 524-8524, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, 4-30 Moriyama 5-chomeShiga Prefecture, Moriyama City, 524-8524, Japan
| | - Masaki Tani
- Department of Surgery, Shiga General Hospital, 4-30 Moriyama 5-chomeShiga Prefecture, Moriyama City, 524-8524, Japan
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Groen JV, Smits FJ, Koole D, Besselink MG, Busch OR, den Dulk M, van Eijck CHJ, Groot Koerkamp B, van der Harst E, de Hingh IH, Karsten TM, de Meijer VE, Pranger BK, Molenaar IQ, Bonsing BA, van Santvoort HC, Mieog JSD. Completion pancreatectomy or a pancreas-preserving procedure during relaparotomy for pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy: a multicentre cohort study and meta-analysis. Br J Surg 2021; 108:1371-1379. [PMID: 34608941 PMCID: PMC10364904 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the fact that primary percutaneous catheter drainage has become standard practice, some patients with pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy ultimately undergo a relaparotomy. The aim of this study was to compare completion pancreatectomy with a pancreas-preserving procedure in patients undergoing relaparotomy for pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy. METHODS This retrospective cohort study of nine institutions included patients who underwent relaparotomy for pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy from 2005-2018. Furthermore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS From 4877 patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, 786 (16 per cent) developed a pancreatic fistula grade B/C and 162 (3 per cent) underwent a relaparotomy for pancreatic fistula. Of these patients, 36 (22 per cent) underwent a completion pancreatectomy and 126 (78 per cent) a pancreas-preserving procedure. Mortality was higher after completion pancreatectomy (20 (56 per cent) versus 40 patients (32 per cent); P = 0.009), which remained after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, ASA score, previous reintervention, and organ failure in the 24 h before relaparotomy (adjusted odds ratio 2.55, 95 per cent c.i. 1.07 to 6.08). The proportion of additional reinterventions was not different between groups (23 (64 per cent) versus 84 patients (67 per cent); P = 0.756). The meta-analysis including 33 studies evaluating 745 patients, confirmed the association between completion pancreatectomy and mortality (Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model: odds ratio 1.99, 95 per cent c.i. 1.03 to 3.84). CONCLUSION Based on the current data, a pancreas-preserving procedure seems preferable to completion pancreatectomy in patients in whom a relaparotomy is deemed necessary for pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Groen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F J Smits
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, and St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D Koole
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M G Besselink
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - O R Busch
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M den Dulk
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - C H J van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B Groot Koerkamp
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E van der Harst
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I H de Hingh
- Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - T M Karsten
- Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (loc. Oost), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - V E de Meijer
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - B K Pranger
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - I Q Molenaar
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, and St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B A Bonsing
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H C van Santvoort
- Department of Surgery, Regional Academic Cancer Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, and St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J S D Mieog
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Garnier J, Ewald J, Marchese U, Delpero JR, Turrini O. Standardized salvage completion pancreatectomy for grade C postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy (with video). HPB (Oxford) 2021; 23:1418-1426. [PMID: 33832833 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency completion pancreatectomy (CP) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is a technically demanding procedure. We report our experiences with a four-step standardized technique used at our center since 2012. METHODS In the first step, the gastrojejunostomy is divided with a stapler to quickly access the pancreatic anastomosis and permit adequate exposure, especially in cases of active bleeding. Second, the bowel loops connected to the pancreatic anastomosis is divided in cases of pancreaticojejunostomy. Third, the pancreatectomy is completed with or without the splenic vessels and spleen conservation according to the local conditions. Finally, the fourth step reconstructs in a Roux-en-Y fashion and ensures drainage. RESULTS From January 2012 to December 2019, 450 patients underwent PD at our center. Reintervention for grade C postoperative pancreatic fistula was decided for 30 patients, and CP was performed in 21 patients. The mean intraoperative blood loss and operative duration were relatively low (600 ml and 240 min, respectively). During the perioperative period, three patients died from multiple organ failure, and two patients died intraoperatively from a cataclysmic hemorrhage originating from the superior mesenteric artery. DISCUSSION Our standardized procedure appears to be relatively safe, reproducible, and could be particularly useful for young surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Garnier
- Department of Surgery, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
| | - Jacques Ewald
- Department of Surgery, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Ugo Marchese
- Department of Surgery, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Olivier Turrini
- Department of Surgery, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
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Salvia R, Lionetto G, Perri G, Malleo G, Marchegiani G. Total pancreatectomy and pancreatic fistula: friend or foe? Updates Surg 2021; 73:1231-1236. [PMID: 34363601 PMCID: PMC8397676 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-021-01130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) still represents the major driver of surgical morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The purpose of this narrative review was to critically analyze current evidence supporting the use of total pancreatectomy (TP) to prevent the development of POPF in patients with high-risk pancreas, and to explore the role of completion total pancreatectomy (CP) in the management of severe POPF. Considering the encouraging perioperative outcomes, TP may represent a promising tool to avoid the morbidity related to an extremely high-risk pancreatic anastomosis in selected patients. Surgical management of severe POPF is only required in few critical scenarios. In this context, even if anecdotal, CP might play a role as last resort in expert hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Salvia
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics (DSCOMI), Unit of General and Pancreatic Surgery, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi Hospital, P.Le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Lionetto
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics (DSCOMI), Unit of General and Pancreatic Surgery, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi Hospital, P.Le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Perri
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics (DSCOMI), Unit of General and Pancreatic Surgery, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi Hospital, P.Le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Malleo
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics (DSCOMI), Unit of General and Pancreatic Surgery, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi Hospital, P.Le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marchegiani
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics (DSCOMI), Unit of General and Pancreatic Surgery, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi Hospital, P.Le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
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11
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Pancreatic Inflammation and Proenzyme Activation Are Associated With Clinically Relevant Postoperative Pancreatic Fistulas After Pancreas Resection. Ann Surg 2020; 272:863-870. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Yamada S, Yagi S, Sato K, Shin'e M, Sakamoto A, Utsunomiya D, Okikawa S, Aibara N, Watanabe M, Obatake M, Ono R, Fujii M, Otani H, Kawasaki H. Serum C-reactive protein level on first postoperative day can predict occurrence of postoperative pancreatic fistula after laparoscopic gastrectomy. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2020; 66:285-288. [PMID: 31656290 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.66.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose : Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a serious complication after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factor of POPF and evaluate C-reactive protein on postoperative day 1 (POD1) as the predictor for POPF after laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG). Methods : Between May 2013 and September 2016, 226 patients who underwent LG for gastric cancer were investigated. Patients were divided into 2 groups; POPF group (n = 17) and control group (n = 209). Clinicopathological factors were compared between 2 groups. Results : In POPF group, there are more male patients (p = 0.003) compared with control group. Preoperative factors, such as age, BMI, and prevalence of previous operation and comorbidity showed no significant difference between 2 groups. Regarding tumor factors and perioperative data such as blood loss and operative time, there were also no significant difference between 2 groups. POPF group showed longer postoperative hospital stay, and higher serum CRP level on POD1 (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that high CRP level on POD1 ( ≥ 3mg/dl) was independent risk factor of POPF. Conclusions : High serum CRP level on POD1 can predict the occurrence of POPF. J. Med. Invest. 66 : 285-288, August, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Yamada
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Yagi
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Mikiya Shin'e
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Akimasa Sakamoto
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Daichi Utsunomiya
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Shohei Okikawa
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Norimasa Aibara
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Miya Watanabe
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Obatake
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Riki Ono
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Otani
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Kawasaki
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
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13
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Wu X, Chen G, Wu W, Zhang T, Liao Q, Dai M, Zhao Y. Management of late hemorrhage after pancreatic surgery: treatment strategy and prognosis. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520929127. [PMID: 32500775 PMCID: PMC7278322 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520929127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage is a life-threatening complication. Hemorrhage occurring >24 hours after the index operation is defined as late hemorrhage. This study was performed to analyze the therapeutic management and prognostic factors of late hemorrhage after pancreatectomy. Methods We identified 87 patients with late hemorrhage among 2031 patients who underwent pancreatic surgery from January 2013 to December 2017. The patients’ demographic characteristics, perioperative treatment, hemorrhage details, and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 87 patients, 53 were men. Bleeding occurred at a mean of 8.9 ± 6.0 days postoperatively. Extraluminal and intraluminal hemorrhage occurred in 58 and 29 patients, respectively. The primary intervention was successful in 66 patients, and 16 patients required a secondary intervention. The primary and total recovery rates were 72.4% and 89.7%, respectively. Of the 87 patients, 9 died. Male sex, hemorrhage on a later postoperative day, a significantly decreased hemoglobin level, and pancreatic fistula showed statistical significance as possible risk factors for mortality. Conclusions Male sex, hemorrhage on a later postoperative day, a significantly decreased hemoglobin level, and pancreatic fistula are possible risk factors for mortality in patients with late hemorrhage after pancreatectomy. Hemorrhage is a dynamic process, and a secondary intervention may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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14
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Ma T, Bai X, Chen W, Lao M, Jin G, Zheng K, Fu D, Yang F, Qin R, Li X, Lou W, Zhang L, Jiang K, Wu P, Shao C, Liu A, Yang Y, Ma Y, Wu H, Liang T. Surgical management and outcome of grade-C pancreatic fistulas after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A retrospective multicenter cohort study. Int J Surg 2019; 68:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Lin J, Ni B, Liu G. Percutaneous Endoscopic Necrosectomy (PEN) Combined with Percutaneous Catheter Drainage (PCD) and Irrigation for the Treatment of Clinically Relevant Pancreatic Fistula after Pancreatoduodenectomy. J INVEST SURG 2018; 33:317-324. [PMID: 30587050 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2018.1511014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy (PEN) combined with percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) and irrigation versus PCD for the treatment of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Materials and Methods: A total of 34 consecutive patients who suffered from CR-POPF after PD were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. 12 patients received PEN combined with PCD and irrigation, and 22 patients received PCD. The complications and outcomes of the treatments were compared. Results: No patients suffered from severe PCD- or PEN-related complications. Compared with those treated with PCD, the patients treated with PEN combined with PCD and irrigation had a lower incidence of postoperative delayed severe intraabdominal hemorrhage (31.8% vs. 0%; p = 0.04). During the follow-up period, no patients in either group suffered from collection recurrence or external pancreatic fistula requiring surgical intervention.Conclusions: PEN combined with PCD and irrigation was safe and effective for reducing postoperative delayed severe intraabdominal hemorrhage in patients with CR-POPF after PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Biqing Ni
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Guozhong Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
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16
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Raymundo SRDO, Hussain KMK, Hussein KG, Kuga ML. Rare case of adult pancreatic haemangioma and literature review. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-226456. [PMID: 30297496 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic haemangiomas are benign vascular tumours very rare in adults. Twenty-two cases are described in the literature. The symptoms are non-specific, and therefore rarely clinically suspected, and the vast majority are incidental findings in imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT, angiography or MRI. They appear on CT as a cystic lesion with contrast enhancement in the arterial phase. We present the case of a 36-year-old male patient with no history of disease, referred with lumbar pain and suspected renal calculus after tomography showing hypervascular enhancement in the pancreatic body and infiltrative lesion (possible neuroendocrine neoplasia) on MRI and biliopancreatic echoendoscopy. He was submitted to laparotomy with subtotal pancreatectomy and splenectomy and satisfactory evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Regina de Oliveira Raymundo
- Cardiologia e Cirugia Vascular, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.,Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Austa, Sao Jose Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Kassim Mohamede Kassim Hussain
- Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Austa, Sao Jose Rio Preto, Brazil.,Cirurgia Geral, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Magali Lúcia Kuga
- Cirurgia Geral, Hospital Austa, Sao Jose Rio Preto, Brazil.,Cirurgia Geral, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Pieroni E, Napoli N, Lombardo C, Marchetti P, Occhipinti M, Cappelli C, Caramella D, Consani G, Amorese G, De Maria M, Vistoli F, Boggi U. Duodenal graft complications requiring duodenectomy after pancreas and pancreas-kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:1388-1396. [PMID: 29205793 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Duodenal graft complications are poorly reported complications of pancreas transplantation that can result in graft loss. Excluding patients with early graft failure, after a median follow-up period of 126 months (range 23-198) duodenectomy was required in 14 of 312 pancreas transplants (4.5%). All patients were insulin-independent at the time of diagnosis. Reasons for duodenectomy included delayed duodenal graft perforation (n = 10, 71.5%) and refractory duodenal graft bleeding (n = 4, 28.5%). In patients with duodenal graft bleeding, a total duodenectomy was performed. In patients with duodenal graft perforation, preservation of a duodenal segment was possible in five patients but completion duodenectomy was necessary in one patient. After total duodenectomy, immediate enteric duct drainage was feasible in seven patients. In two patients, a pancreaticocutaneous fistula was created that was subsequently converted to enteric drainage in one patient. In the other patient, enteric fistulization occurred as a consequence of silent pressure perforation of the draining catheter on the ascending colon. After a mean follow-up period of 52 months (21-125), all patients were alive, well, and insulin-independent. An aggressive and timely surgical approach may permit graft rescue in patients with severe duodenal graft complications occurring after pancreas transplantation. Generalization of these results remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Pieroni
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccolò Napoli
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Lombardo
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Division of Metabolism and Cell Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Occhipinti
- Division of Metabolism and Cell Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Cappelli
- Division of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Caramella
- Division of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Consani
- Division of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Amorese
- Division of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio De Maria
- Division of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Vistoli
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Boggi
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Zhou YM, Zhou X, Wan T, Xu D, Si XY. An evidence-based approach to the surgical interventions for severe pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy. Surgeon 2018; 16:119-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Ma T, Bai X, Chen W, Li G, Lao M, Liang T. Pancreas-preserving management of grade-C pancreatic fistula and a novel bridging technique for repeat pancreaticojejunostomy: An observational study. Int J Surg 2018; 52:243-247. [PMID: 29462737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optimal surgical strategy for grade-C postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is not justified. External wirsungostomy is feasible. However, the subsequent repeat pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) is challenging. This study aims to introduce our experience of external wirsungostomy for grade-C POPF and a novel technique to do the repeat PJ (re-PJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016, all consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with PJ were identified. The clinical data were retrospectively collected and analyzed. RESULTS Out of 325 patients, 11 patients (3.38%) underwent salvage re-laparotomy for grade-C POPF. External wirsungostomy was performed in 10 patients (3.08%). Four patients died of severe complications within 90 days postoperatively or tumor progression before the scheduled re-PJ was performed. Three patients got their external pancreatic drainage tube pulled out accidentally without causing severe consequences. Three patients underwent planned re-PJ after external wirsungostomy, including one with duct-to-mucosa PJ and two with the novel bridging technique. The operative times of the two patients undergoing the novel bridging technique were 120 min, 135 min, respectively, and the length of post-operative hospital stay (LPHS) were 7 d, 5 d, respectively. The operative time and the LPHS of whom underwent duct-to-mucosa PJ were 315 min, 24 d, respectively. There was no major post-operative complication. CONCLUSION External wirsungostomy may be a safe way to preserve the pancreas remnant in grade-C POPF patients. The novel bridging technique may be a simpler alternative to traditional PJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Guogang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Mengyi Lao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
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20
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Taniguchi Y, Kurokawa Y, Mikami J, Tanaka K, Miyazaki Y, Makino T, Takahashi T, Yamasaki M, Nakajima K, Takiguchi S, Mori M, Doki Y. Amylase concentration in drainage fluid as a predictive factor for severe postoperative pancreatic fistula in patients with gastric cancer. Surg Today 2017; 47:1378-1383. [PMID: 28365893 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-017-1521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postoperative pancreatic fistula (PPF) sometimes occurs after gastrectomy. We examined the risk factors for severe PPF and evaluated the predictive value of amylase concentration in drainage fluid. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 591 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer. A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors for severe PPF. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify the appropriate amylase cut-off value to predict severe PPF. RESULTS Severe PPF occurred in 23 (3.9%) cases. The multivariate analysis indicated that splenectomy (P = 0.009) was the only significant risk factor. The area under the curve of amylase in drainage fluid for predicting severe PPF on postoperative day (POD) 3 was much greater than that on POD 1 (0.972 vs. 0.894). When the cut-off values for amylase were determined to be 2900 U/L on POD 1 and 2100 U/L on POD 3, the risk ratio for severe PPF on POD 3 was higher than that on POD 1 (99.2 vs. 30.2). CONCLUSIONS Splenectomy was an independent risk factor for severe PPF. An amylase level of 2100 U/L on POD 3 may be a reliable cut-off value for the early diagnosis of patients at high risk of severe PPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Taniguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Jota Mikami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-E2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Pancreatic stump closure after pancreatoduodenectomy in elderly patients: a retrospective clinical study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:35-40. [PMID: 27837458 PMCID: PMC5334406 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic fistula (PF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) represents the major source of morbidity. Derivative procedures are preferred by pancreatic surgeons, but the optimal management of remnant pancreatic stump remains controversial. AIMS The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pancreatic stump closure in selected elderly patients (>65 years). METHODS Clinical data of 44 PD undergone mechanical closure of the pancreatic stump performed between 2001 and 2014 in two department of general and oncologic surgery were retrospectively collected. Considering the age, patients were divided into two groups: 21 patients of less than 65 years (Group A) and 23 patients of more than 65 years (Group B). RESULTS A soft pancreatic parenchyma with a not-dilated duct (diameter <3 mm) was reported in all the 44 patients. A grade-A PF, which did not required further treatments, developed in 20 cases (45.4%; 13 in group A and 7 in group B; p < 0.05), grade-B in 5 patients (11.4%; 3 in group A and 2 in group B; statistically not significant) and a grade-C PF was observed only in one patient (2.2%; 1 in group A and 0 in group B). DISCUSSION In selected "high risk" elderly patients (>65 years) with soft pancreatic texture, the closure of the pancreatic stump can be a useful tool in the surgical armamentarium with the aim to reduce the incidence of age-related complications. CONCLUSIONS Prospective randomized controlled trial to better evaluate PF risk factors is needed.
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22
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Kawakatsu S, Kaneoka Y, Maeda A, Fukami Y. Salvage anastomosis for postoperative chronic pancreatic fistula. Updates Surg 2016; 68:413-417. [PMID: 27522612 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-016-0383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Salvage anastomosis for postoperative chronic pancreatic fistula is challenging, and its safety and surgical outcomes remain unclear. Four patients with postoperative chronic pancreatic fistulas who underwent surgical interventions in our institute were retrospectively reviewed. A re-pancreatojejunostomy was performed in two patients with a disruption of the pancreatojejunostomy and a dilated main pancreatic duct of the remnant pancreas. A fistulojejunostomy was performed in the remaining two patients with a duct disruption after necrosectomy for necrotic severe acute pancreatitis and non-dilated main pancreatic duct. The median duration from the onset of the pancreatic fistula to the surgical intervention was 4.5 months (range 4-6 months). The median operation time was 151 min (range 38-257 min) and the median blood loss was 200 mL (range 5-350 mL). According to the Clavien-Dindo classification, one patient had grade 0, two patients had grade I, and one patient had grade II (wound infections). The median length of hospital stay was 22 days (range 21-28 days). There were no recurrences of pancreatic fistulas. Salvage anastomosis according to the simple radiologic classification for postoperative chronic pancreatic fistulas is a safe and effective procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Kawakatsu
- Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, 4-86 Minaminokawa-cho, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-8502, Japan
| | - Yuji Kaneoka
- Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, 4-86 Minaminokawa-cho, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, 4-86 Minaminokawa-cho, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fukami
- Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, 4-86 Minaminokawa-cho, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-8502, Japan.
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Horvath P, Beckert S, Nadalin S, Königsrainer A, Königsrainer I. Pancreas-preserving surgical management of grade-C pancreatic fistulas after pancreatic head resection by external wirsungostomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2016; 401:457-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00423-016-1423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bouras AF, Marin H, Bouzid C, Pruvot FR, Zerbib P, Truant S. Pancreas-preserving management in reinterventions for severe pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy: a systematic review. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2015; 401:141-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00423-015-1357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wiltberger G, Schmelzle M, Tautenhahn HM, Krenzien F, Atanasov G, Hau HM, Moche M, Jonas S. Alternative treatment of symptomatic pancreatic fistula. J Surg Res 2015; 196:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Malleo G, Pulvirenti A, Marchegiani G, Butturini G, Salvia R, Bassi C. Diagnosis and management of postoperative pancreatic fistula. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2014; 399:801-10. [PMID: 25173359 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-014-1242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the leading complication after partial pancreatic resection and is associated with increased length of hospital stay and resource utilization. The introduction of a common definition in 2005 by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS), which has been since employed in the vast majority of reports, has allowed a reliable comparison of surgical results. Despite the systematic investigation of risk factors and of surgical techniques, the incidence of POPF did not change in recent years, whereas the associated mortality has decreased. PURPOSE The purposes of this review article were to summarize the current evidence on the diagnosis and management strategies of POPF and to provide a concise reference for the practicing surgeons and physicians. CONCLUSION The high incidence of POPF was accompanied by a shift from operative to non-operative management. However, the current management strategy is driven by the patient's condition and local expertise and is generally based on poor evidence. A randomized trial showed that enteral nutrition is superior to total parenteral nutrition, and pooled data of randomized trials failed to show any advantage of somatostatin analogs for accelerating fistula closure. The choice of percutaneous versus endoscopic drainage of peripancreatic collections remains arbitrary, and-when re-operation is needed-there are very few comparative data regarding local drainage with or without main pancreatic stenting as opposed to anastomotic revision or salvage re-anastomosis. The continuous development of specialist, high-volume units with appropriate resources and multidisciplinary experience in complication management might further improve the evidence and the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Malleo
- Unit of Surgery B, The Pancreas Institute, Department of Surgery, G.B. Rossi Hospital, University of Verona Hospital Trust, P.Le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy,
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Wellner UF, Kulemann B, Lapshyn H, Hoeppner J, Sick O, Makowiec F, Bausch D, Hopt UT, Keck T. Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage--incidence, treatment, and risk factors in over 1,000 pancreatic resections. J Gastrointest Surg 2014; 18:464-75. [PMID: 24448997 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage is a rare but often severe complication after pancreatic resection. The aim of this retrospective study was to define incidence and risk factors of postpancreatectomy hemorrhage and to evaluate treatment options and outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical data was extracted from a prospectively maintained database. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate risk factor analysis by binary logistic regression were performed with SPSS software at a significance level of p = 0.05. RESULTS N = 1,082 patients with pancreatic resections between 1994 and 2012 were included. Interventional angiography was successful in about half of extraluminal bleeding. A total of 78 patients (7.2 %) had postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH), and 29 (2.7 %) were grade C PPH. Multivariate modeling disclosed a learning effect, age, BMI, male sex, intraoperative transfusion, portal venous and multivisceral resection, pancreatic fistula and preoperative biliary drainage as independent predictors of severe postpancreatectomy hemorrhage. High-risk histopathology, age, transfusion, pancreatic fistula, postpancreatectomy hemorrhage and pancreatojejunostomy in pancreatoduodenectomies were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies clinically relevant risk factors for postpancreatectomy hemorrhage and mortality. Interventional treatment of extraluminal hemorrhage is successful in about half of the cases and if unsuccessful constitutes a valuable adjunct to operative hemostasis. Based on our observations, we propose a treatment scheme for PPH. Risk factor analysis suggests appropriate patient selection especially for extended resections and pancreatogastrostomy for reconstruction in pancreatoduodenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- U F Wellner
- Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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