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Moreira M, Carvalho AC, Tarrio I, Andrade AJ, Araújo T, Lopes L. Cholangioscopy with Laser Lithotripsy in the Treatment of a Patient with Type II Mirizzi Syndrome. GE PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2024; 31:209-211. [PMID: 38836123 PMCID: PMC11149984 DOI: 10.1159/000533498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moreira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Santa Luzia, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Carvalho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Dão Lafões, Portugal
| | - Isabel Tarrio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Santa Luzia, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Alda João Andrade
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Santa Luzia, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Tarcísio Araújo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Santa Luzia, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Luís Lopes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Santa Luzia, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
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Cholangioscopy-Assisted Laser Lithotripsy for Treatment of Postcholecystectomy Mirizzi Syndrome: Case Series. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/gastroent14010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Mirizzi syndrome (MS) represents a rare clinical entity caused by impaction of one or multiple stones in the infundibulum of the gall bladder or the cystic duct resulting in partial or complete obstruction of the common hepatic or common bile duct (CBD). Though described more than a century ago, MS is still one of the most challenging diseases in the spectrum of biliary pathology. In recent years, endoscopic treatment has become an increasingly popular treatment modality. Patients and methods. Three consecutive patients subjected to cholangioscopy-assisted laser lithotripsy (CA-LL) for postocholecystectomy MS (pMS) were retrospectively evaluated. Case reports. Successful clearance of the cystic duct was achieved in all patients in one or two sessions. One complication in the form of mild cholangitis was observed. Clinical success was 100%. Discussion. According to current research, CA-LL achieves a high rate of ductal clearance and acceptable complication rate in patients with pMS. A 250 µm laser fiber seems to be the optimal choice for CA-LL. Our results suggest that procedure duration is closely associated to the stone size and possibly to the operator experience. In our opinion, upon obtainment of successful ductal clearance and drainage, prophylactic stenting does not improve clinical outcome. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that CA-LL is a safe and effective treatment for pMS.
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Kawai H, Sato T, Natsui M, Watanabe K, Inoue R, Kimura M, Yoko K, Sasaki SY, Watanabe M, Ohashi T, Tsukahara A, Tanaka N, Tsukada Y. Mirizzi Syndrome Type IV Successfully Treated with Peroral Single-operator Cholangioscopy-guided Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy: A Case Report with Literature Review. Intern Med 2022; 61:3513-3519. [PMID: 35569988 PMCID: PMC9790796 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9526-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A 76-year-old man presented with liver dysfunction and intrahepatic bile duct dilatation. Imaging studies showed two large stones that had become impacted in the common hepatic duct, which was fused with the gallbladder. The patient was diagnosed with Mirizzi syndrome type IV. Hepaticojejunostomy and stone removal failed due to dense gallbladder adhesions involving the right hepatic artery. The bile flow was temporarily restored; however, the patient experienced cholangitis 16 months later. The stones were extracted via peroral single-operator cholangioscopy (SOC)-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy. This is the first case in which stones were completely removed by SOC-guided treatment in a patient with Mirizzi syndrome type IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kawai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Japan
| | - Masaaki Natsui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Japan
| | - Kotaro Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Japan
| | - Mayuki Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazumi Yoko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Japan
| | - Syun-Ya Sasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Japan
| | - Masashi Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Japan
| | - Taku Ohashi
- Department of Surgery, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Norio Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tsukada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, Japan
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Jimenez MC, Cubas RF, Bowles RJ, Martinez JM. Type IV Mirizzi Syndrome: Brief Report and Review of Management Options. Am Surg 2022:31348221105182. [PMID: 35623343 DOI: 10.1177/00031348221105182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mirizzi syndrome is a rare complication of chronic calculous cholecystitis. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of pathognomonic signs and symptoms and low sensitivity rates of imaging tests. Historically, laparotomy has been the preferred choice of surgical management. Endoscopic and laparoscopic approaches have been increasingly described as diagnostic and therapeutic options for Mirizzi type I and II, but data is limited regarding the management of more complex cases. We describe a staged endoscopic and laparoscopic approach for the management of type IV Mirizzi syndrome and review the management options.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carolina Jimenez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Laparoendoscopic Surgery, 23214University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert F Cubas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Laparoendoscopic Surgery, 23214University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R Joshua Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Division of Laparoendoscopic Surgery, 23214University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jose M Martinez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Laparoendoscopic Surgery, 23214University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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Pawa R, Dorrell R, Pawa S. Endoscopic management of cystic duct stones and Mirizzi's syndrome: experience at an academic medical center. Endosc Int Open 2022; 10:E135-E144. [PMID: 35047344 PMCID: PMC8759932 DOI: 10.1055/a-1594-1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Cystic duct stones (CDS) are challenging to treat with conventional ERCP techniques due to the small diameter and tortuous nature of the cystic duct. There have been limited studies focused on endoscopic management of CDS. We present our experience managing CDS endoscopically and demonstrate that new advances in endoscopic technology have rendered CDS easier to manage. Patients and methods From 2013 to 2020, we prospectively maintained a database of patients undergoing endoscopic management of CDS. ERCP was performed in all patients, and if unsuccessful in removing stones, cholangioscopy with electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) was utilized. All patients were followed in clinic for outcomes. Results Of 5,123 ERCPs performed at our institution during the study period, 21 patients were diagnosed with CDS. Six patients were successfully treated with conventional ERCP alone. Cholangioscopy with EHL was used in 15 patients undergoing 18 procedures to achieve stone clearance. CDS clearance was achieved in all patients. There was one adverse event (post-ERCP pancreatitis). Spyglass DS was associated with a significant decrease in average procedure time in comparison to first-generation SpyGlass (89.3 vs. 54.4 minutes, P = 0.004). Thirteen patients (87 %) were discharged from the hospital within 24 hours. The median follow-up duration was 23.2 months. Conclusions Endoscopy should be the preferred management strategy for CDS, especially in patients with prior cholecystectomy. Surgical outcomes have been associated with high patient morbidity and hospital length of stay. Our case series is the largest cohort of CDS patients successfully managed with cholangioscopy and EHL in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Pawa
- Department of Medicine, Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Robert Dorrell
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Swati Pawa
- Department of Medicine, Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
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Klekowski J, Piekarska A, Góral M, Kozula M, Chabowski M. The Current Approach to the Diagnosis and Classification of Mirizzi Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091660. [PMID: 34574001 PMCID: PMC8465817 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mirizzi syndrome occurs in up to 6% of patients with cholecystolithiasis. It is generally caused by external compression of the common hepatic duct by a gallstone impacted in the neck of the gallbladder or the cystic duct, which can lead to fistulisation. The aim of this review was to highlight the proposed classifications for Mirizzi syndrome (MS) and to provide an update on modern approaches to the diagnosis of this disease. We conducted research on various internet databases and the total number of records was 993, but after a gradual process of elimination our final review consisted of 21 articles. According to the literature, the Cesendes classification is the most commonly used, but many new suggestions have appeared. Our review shows that the ultrasonography (US) is the most frequently used method of initial diagnosis, despite still having only average sensitivity. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are good methods and are similarly effective, but only the latter can be simultaneously therapeutic. Some modern methods show very high sensitivity, but are not so commonly administered. Mirizzi syndrome is still a diagnostic challenge, despite the advancement of the available tools. Preoperative diagnosis is crucial to avoid complications during treatment. New research may bring a unification of classifications and diagnostic algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Klekowski
- Student Research Group No 180, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Piekarska
- Student Research Group No 180, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Góral
- Student Research Group No 180, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Kozula
- Student Research Group No 180, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariusz Chabowski
- Division of Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 5 Bartla Street, 51-618 Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 5 Weigla Street, 50-981 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-261-660-247; Fax: +48-261-660-245
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