The impact of thyroid tumor features on lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients in head and neck department at KAMC: A retrospective cross-sectional study

An Unusual Mixed Thyroid Carcinoma: A Surgical and Pathological Rarity

The incidence of mixed thyroid carcinoma of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and papillary carcinoma thyroid is very unusual. PDTC exhibits a high degree of dedifferentiation and histopathological confirmation is done based on Turin's criteria. This type of carcinoma has a poor prognosis and the survival rates at five and ten years post-diagnosis are significantly lower compared to well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Surgery is the best mode of treatment at present. This is a case of a 71-year-old female who underwent total thyroidectomy with modified radical neck dissection which yielded a histopathological variant comprising PDTC and papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient was followed up with a serial thyroglobulin antibody test and ultrasound of the neck at six months and one year, and both were found to be normal.

Influence of S100A2 in Human Diseases

S100 proteins are a family of low-molecular-weight proteins characterized by two calcium-binding sites with a helix-loop-helix (“EF-hand-type”) domain. The S100 family of proteins is distributed across various organs and can interact with diverse molecules. Among the proteins of the S100 family, S100 calcium-binding protein A2 (S100A2) has been identified in mammary epithelial cells, glands, lungs, kidneys, and prostate gland, exhibiting various physiological and pathological actions in human disorders, such as inflammatory diseases and malignant tumors. In this review, we introduce basic knowledge regarding S100A2 regulatory mechanisms. Although S100A2 is a tumor suppressor, we describe the various influences of S100A2 on cancer and inflammatory diseases.

Low Expression of miR-491-3p Is Correlated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastric Cancer

Objective

MiR-491-3p, as a tumor suppressor miRNA, was found decreased in many solid tissues. In this study, we aim to investigate miR-491-3p expression in gastric cancer with or without lymph node metastasis (LNM).

Methods

GSE173215 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to measure miRNA expression from tissue samples of gastric cancer patients. Moreover, gastric tumor tissues (non-LNM: n = 78; LNM: n = 68) were obtained to detect the miR-491-3p expression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis, as well as Cox regression analysis, were performed to reveal the role of miR-491-3p in diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer.

Results

According to GSE173215 datasets (t = −11.25, adjust P value = 1.30E-06) and our clinical results (0.390 ± 0.193 vs. 0.562 ± 0.166, P < 0.005), the gastric cancer patients with LNM showed lower miR-491-3p expression than those without LNM, demonstrating a high diagnostic efficiency (sensitivity: 74.36%; specificity: 69.12%). In addition, both LNM and low miR-491-3p expression were correlated with the poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Furthermore, the LNM patient with low expression of miR-491-3p had the worse prognosis, but the non-LNM patient with high expression of miR-491-3p had the best prognosis. MiR-491-3p expression (HR = 0.003, 95%CI: 3.35E-04∼0.028) and LNM (HR = 2.326, 95%CI: 1.046∼5.173) were independent risk factors for gastric cancer.

Conclusion

Downregulated miR-491-3p expression was found in gastric cancer, being a high diagnostic efficiency and an independent risk factor for gastric cancer, especially in those having LNM.

Hemi-mandibulectomy without bony reconstruction: A case report of mandibular metastasis from a silent differentiated papillary thyroid cancer

Introduction

Case presentation

Discussion

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Mandibulectomy without reconstruction can be performed for selected cases.

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Metastasis to the mandible from differentiated thyroid cancer is rare.

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Silent thyroid cancer can be manifested as mandible metastasis.