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Essadi A, Aissaoui H, Yeznasni A, Lekfif A, Sebbar S, Atassi M, Abda N. Psychoactive substance use and associated factors among Mohammed first university students, Oujda, Morocco: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1961. [PMID: 39044213 PMCID: PMC11264429 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of psychoactive substances, including tobacco, alcohol, and others, remains a major public health problem. However, few studies have been conducted on Moroccan university students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of substance use among students at Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco. METHODS We conducted this cross-sectional study with students enrolled at one of the Mohammed First University of Oujda's institutes as part of the 2021-202 academic year. We used a self-administered survey to collect data anonymously. We cleaned the data and then entered it into IBM SPSS Statistics 21 for analysis. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics as well as univariate and multivariate analysis. We considered a P value < 0.05 as the level of significance. RESULTS In this study, out of 500 students we asked to complete the survey, 478 responded; the response rate was 95.6%. The average age was 21.1 ± 3.0, and the M/F sex ratio was 0.97. The lifetime prevalence of psychoactive substance use among Oujda University students was 28.7%. The most commonly used substances were tobacco (24.1%), alcohol (15.9%), cannabis (13.4%), sedatives (6.9%), stimulants (5.2%), and cocaine (4.4%). Male sex, age > 20 years, self-financing, school failure (one year repeated or more), the practice of a leisure activity, the presence of a personal medical or psychiatric history, and the presence of a family medical history were all significantly associated with the use of psychoactive substances. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a significant prevalence of psychoactive substance use among university students in Oujda, highlighting the need for interventions at various levels. Further analytical studies are necessary to better understand the initiation and maintenance of psychoactive substance use and to identify all associated factors to enhance prevention strategies against substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Essadi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Hanane Aissaoui
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Asmae Yeznasni
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Asmae Lekfif
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Sanae Sebbar
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mariam Atassi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Naima Abda
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
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Stone BM. Development of the Enthusiastic Substance Use Attitudes Scale: Preliminary Evidence of a Novel Maintenance Factor. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:494-509. [PMID: 38269533 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2280592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Background: Expectancies, motives, and attitudes toward substances are cognitive factors that partially account for substance use; however, existing measures tend to have monotonous phrasing, diverging from the enthusiastic attitude toward the perceived benefits of substance use exhibited by those who use substances regularly in informal settings. Objective: I aimed to characterize a new cognitive maintenance factor that precedes substance use by creating a brief, multidimensional measure to capture this tone nuance, which I called the Enthusiastic Substance Use Attitudes Scale (ESUAS). Method: Undergraduate students (n = 198) between ages 18 and 62 (M = 19.15, SD = 3.65; 66.2% women; 71.71% White) completed the study for course credit. Results: I used exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to reduce a 90-item item pool based on a comprehensive qualitative thematic analysis of social media, traditional media, and the scientific literature to an 18-item hierarchical bifactor model. This model contained nine specific factors, which are (1) sociability, (2) enjoyment, (3) physical health, (4) mental health, (5) relaxation, (6) personal growth, (7) performance enhancement, (8) boredom, and (9) life processing; two general factors, which are (1) substance-induced emotion regulation and (2) substance-based assistance; and a higher-order single factor above the nine specific factors - resulting in twelve highly internally consistent, empirically supported scales. Further, the ESUAS demonstrated excellent structural, convergent, divergent, incremental, and diagnostic validity. The degree of enthusiasm towards substance use positively related to substance use disorder symptomology, polysubstance use, neuroticism, and difficulty with regulating emotions while negatively relating to one's psychological quality of life and agreeableness. Conclusion: The ESUAS may be an effective tool for professionals to characterize these enthusiastic attitudes further and measure a more ecologically valid view of the perceived benefits of substance use among those who use substances, thereby developing a more compassionate, non-stigmatizing understanding within the general public, advancing medicinal uses of illicit substances, and improving conceptualizations and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant M Stone
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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Mateso GQ, Makali S, Shamamba A, Ntaboba B, Urbain V, Eric M, Murhabazi E, Mihigo M, Mwene-Batu P, Kabego L, Baguma M. Etiologies and factors associated with mortality in patients with non-traumatic coma in a tertiary hospital in Bukavu, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18398. [PMID: 37520991 PMCID: PMC10382283 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic coma (NTC) is a common medical condition often associated with poor outcomes. Identifying underlying causes is crucial for effective management and prognostication, particularly in resource-poor settings. This study aimed to identify the most common causes and prognostic factors of NTC in a tertiary hospital in Bukavu, in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) as well as other simple and affordable clinical and paraclinical tools. This retrospective observational study included 219 consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the Provincial General Hospital of Bukavu between January 2016 and December 2018. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were also collected. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify different causes and factors associated with poor outcomes in these patients. The median age of the patients was 49 (interquartile range [IQR]: 33-61) years, and they were predominantly men (62.8%). The most common causes of NTC were stroke (25.7%), acute metabolic complications of diabetes (21.9%), and primary brain infections (meningoencephalitis, 16.0%; and cerebral malaria, 14.2%). The NTC-related in-hospital mortality rate was 35.2%. A high mortality was significantly and independently associated with a GCS<7 (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.73-10.71), the presence of meningismus at clinical evaluation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.86, 95%CI: 1.41-10.55), oxygen saturation <90% (aOR 3.99, 95%CI: 1.71-9.28), the consumption of traditional herbal medicines prior to hospital admission (aOR 2.82, 95%CI: 1.16-6.86), and elevated serum creatinine (aOR 1.64, 95%CI: 1.17-2.29). In conclusion, clinical neurological examinations, along with simple and affordable paraclinical investigations, can provide sufficient information to determine the etiology of NTC and evaluate the prognosis of comatose patients, even in resource-poor settings. Physicians may use the GCS as a simple, reliable, and affordable tool to identify patients who require special attention and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy-Quesney Mateso
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Samuel Makali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- École Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ashuza Shamamba
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Balola Ntaboba
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Victoire Urbain
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Musingilwa Eric
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emmanuel Murhabazi
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Martine Mihigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Pacifique Mwene-Batu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- École Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Landry Kabego
- Department of Medical Biology, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Marius Baguma
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Global Health (CTDGH), Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Admasu Basha E, Semu Tefera A, Tesema Tilahun A, Fenta Amede A. Magnitude and Associated Factors of Psychoactive Substance Use among Youths at Selected Administrative Towns of North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2023; 2023:2124999. [PMID: 37051109 PMCID: PMC10085653 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2124999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Youth and adolescent psychoactive substance use is a major public health problem worldwide which affects the health of individuals, families, and the community as a whole. This study was aimed at assessing the level of psychoactive substance use and the associated factors among the youths of North Sowa zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2020/21. Community based cross-sectional study design with a multistage sampling technique was used. A total of 632 youths were involved in the study. Linear logistic regression analysis was used for both bivariate and multivariate analysis. The prevalence of life time and current psychoactive substance use was found to be 66.1% and 65%, respectively. Male sex and history of substance use from family members and friends were significantly associated with psychoactive substance use. In this study, the prevalence of life time and current psychoactive substance use was high as compared to other studies conducted in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Admasu Basha
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, P.O. Box 445, Ethiopia
| | - Aklil Semu Tefera
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Alemnesh Tesema Tilahun
- Department of Laboratory, College of Medicine, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Fenta Amede
- Department of HIT, Debre Berhan Health Science College, Debre Berhan, P.O. Box 37, Ethiopia
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Simegnew D, Di Q, Turi E, Fekadu G, Feyisa BR, Temesgen S, Bikila H, Bayisa L, Shibiru T, Ahinkorah BO, Seidu AA. Psychoactive substance uses among people living with HIV/AIDS in Western Ethiopia: a multi-centered facility-based cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2120428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Simegnew
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Ebisa Turi
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria
| | - Ginenus Fekadu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Bikila Regassa Feyisa
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Sidise Temesgen
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Haile Bikila
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Lami Bayisa
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Shibiru
- School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Services, James Cook University, Australia
- Department of Estate Management, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana
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