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Yekani M, Rezaee MA, Beheshtirouy S, Baghi HB, Bazmani A, Farzinazar A, Memar MY, Sóki J. Carbapenem resistance in Bacteroides fragilis: A review of molecular mechanisms. Anaerobe 2022; 76:102606. [PMID: 35738484 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenems are an applicable subclass of β-lactam drugs in the antibiotic therapy of anaerobic infections, especially for poly-microbial cases, due to their broad antimicrobial spectrum on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroides fragilis is the most commonly recovered anaerobic bacteria in the clinical laboratories from mono- and poly-microbial infections. B. fragilis is relatively non-susceptible to different antibiotics, including β-lactams, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. Carbapenems are among the most effective drugs against B. fragilis strains with high-level resistance to different antibiotics. Increased antibiotic resistance of B. fragilis strains has been reported following the overuse of an antimicrobial agent. Earlier contact with carbapenems is linked with increased resistance to them that limits the options for treatment of B. fragilis caused infections, especially in cases caused by multidrug-resistant strains. Several molecular mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems have been described for different carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial agents is necessary for selecting alternative antimicrobial agents and the application of control strategies. In the present study, we reviewed the mechanisms contributing to resistance to carbapenems in B. fragilis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Yekani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Samad Beheshtirouy
- Cardiothoracic Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahad Bazmani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Farzinazar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - József Sóki
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre and School of of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Yekani M, Baghi HB, Naghili B, Vahed SZ, Sóki J, Memar MY. To resist and persist: Important factors in the pathogenesis of Bacteroides fragilis. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104506. [PMID: 32950639 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis is a most frequent anaerobic pathogen isolated from human infections, particularly found in the abdominal cavity. Different factors contribute to the pathogenesis and persistence of B. fragilis at infection sites. The knowledge of the virulence factors can provide applicable information for finding alternative options for the antibiotic therapy and treatment of B. fragilis caused infections. Herein, a comprehensive review of the important B. fragilis virulence factors was prepared. In addition to B. fragilis toxin (BFT) and its potential role in the diarrhea and cancer development, some other important virulence factors and characteristics of B. fragilis are described including capsular polysaccharides, iron acquisition, resistance to antimicrobial agents, and survival during the prolonged oxidative stress, quorum sensing, and secretion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Yekani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee,Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Naghili
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - József Sóki
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Xiong L, Liao D, Lu X, Yan H, Shi L, Mo Z. Proteomic analysis reveals that a global response is induced by subinhibitory concentrations of ampicillin. Bioengineered 2017; 8:732-741. [PMID: 28881168 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2017.1373532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a recipient-donor co-culture system was used to research the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on horizontal transmission in bacteria and the influence of antibiotics on protein expression. We employed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry to compare the protein expression profiles in systems with or without 0.5 × the minimum inhibitory concentration of ampicillin. RT-PCR was used to assess the transcriptional levels of the differentially expressed genes. Fifty-seven different proteins were induced or suppressed. The upregulated proteins were involved in transcription and translation, cell wall synthesis, bacterial SOS response, and detoxifying functions, and the downregulated proteins were involved in metabolism. These results indicated that a global response was induced in the recipient-donor co-culture system by the subinhibitory concentration of ampicillin. Further analysis revealed that a global regulatory network based on key pathways was induced in the system in response to the antibiotic pressure. These findings provide a new, more comprehensive view for research on antibiotic-resistance mechanisms in recipient-donor co-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Xiong
- a The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou , China.,b Jinan University , Guangzhou , China.,c School of Food Sciences and Technology , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Dongjiang Liao
- a The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xinpeng Lu
- a The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou , China
| | - He Yan
- c School of Food Sciences and Technology , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lei Shi
- b Jinan University , Guangzhou , China.,c School of Food Sciences and Technology , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ziyao Mo
- a The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease , Guangzhou , China
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Sub-Inhibitory Concentration of Piperacillin-Tazobactam May be Related to Virulence Properties of Filamentous Escherichia coli. Curr Microbiol 2015; 72:19-28. [PMID: 26364189 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics are always generated as a consequence of antimicrobial therapy and the effects of such residual products in bacterial morphology are well documented, especially the filamentation generated by beta-lactams. The aim of this study was to investigate some morphological and pathological aspects (virulence factors) of Escherichia coli cultivated under half-minimum inhibitory concentration (1.0 µg/mL) of piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ sub-MIC). PTZ sub-MIC promoted noticeable changes in the bacterial cells which reach the peak of morphological alterations (filamentation) and complexity at 16 h of antimicrobial exposure. Thereafter the filamentous cells and a control one, not treated with PTZ, were comparatively tested for growth curve; biochemical profile; oxidative stress tolerance; biofilm production and cell hydrophobicity; motility and pathogenicity in vivo. PTZ sub-MIC attenuated the E. coli growth rate, but without changes in carbohydrate fermentation or in traditional biochemical tests. Overall, the treatment of E. coli with sub-MIC of PTZ generated filamentous forms which were accompanied by the inhibition of virulence factors such as the oxidative stress response, biofilm formation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and motility. These results are consistent with the reduced pathogenicity observed for the filamentous E. coli in the murine model of intra-abdominal infection. In other words, the treatment of E. coli with sub-MIC of PTZ suggests a decrease in their virulence.
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Abstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance made news on several fronts in the past year. Many public health organizations, including the CDC, used terms such as "crisis", "catastrophic consequences", and "nightmare scenario" to highlight the rapid emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. A report from the Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production, on the fifth anniversary of the publication of its landmark 2008 report, noted that state and federal legislative efforts to limit non-therapeutic use of antibiotics in animal production were thwarted by drug and food animal industries. In its lobbying disclosures, the Farm Bureau stated that such efforts to limit use of animal antibiotics were "based on emotion and no credible peer reviewed science." Meanwhile, there have been inexorable advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which antibiotics induce diversity and resistance in bacteria. This article reviews one study that probed the role of the bacterial general stress response in sub-inhibitory antibiotic-induced mutagenesis and antibiotic resistance.
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