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Kwit R, Zając M, Śmiałowska-Węglińska A, Skarżyńska M, Bomba A, Lalak A, Skrzypiec E, Wojdat D, Koza W, Mikos-Wojewoda E, Pasim P, Skóra M, Polak M, Wiącek J, Wasyl D. Prevalence of Enterococcus spp. and the Whole-Genome Characteristics of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated from Free-Living Birds in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:836. [PMID: 37375526 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococci as opportunistic bacteria are important for human health. Due to the prevalence and ease of acquisition and transfer of their genes, they are an excellent indicator of environmental contamination and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of Enterococcus spp. in wild birds in Poland, determination of antimicrobial susceptibility and WGS analysis of Enterococcus (E.) faecium and E. faecalis. For this purpose, 138 samples from various species of free-living birds were tested, with 66.7% positive results. Fourteen species were detected, with E. faecalis being the most common, followed by E. casseliflavus and E. hirae. In antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 10.0% of E. faecalis and 50.0% of E. faecium showed resistance to one antimicrobial agent, in addition the MDR phenotype which was found in one E. faecium. The most common resistance phenotype included tetracycline and quinupristin/dalfopristin. The WGS analysis confirmed the significant advantage of the virulence gene diversity of E. faecalis strains over E. faecium. In addition, plasmid replicons were found in 42.0% of E. faecalis and 80.0% of E. faecium. The obtained results confirm free-living birds can be a reservoir of Enterococcus spp. with a considerable zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kwit
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zając
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Skarżyńska
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Bomba
- Department of Omic Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Anna Lalak
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Ewelina Skrzypiec
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Dominika Wojdat
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Weronika Koza
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Emilia Mikos-Wojewoda
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Paulina Pasim
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Milena Skóra
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Marcin Polak
- Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS), 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Wiącek
- Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS), 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wasyl
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
- Department of Omic Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute (PIWet), 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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Caneschi A, Bardhi A, Barbarossa A, Zaghini A. The Use of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine, a Complex Phenomenon: A Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030487. [PMID: 36978354 PMCID: PMC10044628 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As warned by Sir Alexander Fleming in his Nobel Prize address: “the use of antimicrobials can, and will, lead to resistance”. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently increased due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, and their use in animals (food-producing and companion) has also resulted in the selection and transmission of resistant bacteria. The epidemiology of resistance is complex, and factors other than the overall quantity of antibiotics consumed may influence it. Nowadays, AMR has a serious impact on society, both economically and in terms of healthcare. This narrative review aimed to provide a scenario of the state of the AMR phenomenon in veterinary medicine related to the use of antibiotics in different animal species; the impact that it can have on animals, as well as humans and the environment, was considered. Providing some particular instances, the authors tried to explain the vastness of the phenomenon of AMR in veterinary medicine due to many and diverse aspects that cannot always be controlled. The veterinarian is the main reference point here and has a high responsibility towards the human–animal–environment triad. Sharing such a burden with human medicine and cooperating together for the same purpose (fighting and containing AMR) represents an effective example of the application of the One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anisa Bardhi
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-051-2097-500 (Andrea Barbarossa)
| | - Andrea Barbarossa
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-051-2097-500 (Andrea Barbarossa)
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El-Sesy ME, Othman SA. Promising antibacterial activities of anethole and green-synthesized magnetite nanoparticles against multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:729-747. [PMID: 36789714 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance is considered a major threat, and this problem is exacerbated due to the excessive use of antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary to find new antimicrobials that are effective against pathogenic bacteria resistant to existing antimicrobials. This study presents a novel antimicrobial approach for the bio-control of multi-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) bacteria. Ten antibiotic discs were used to evaluate the bacterial sensitivity. Five bacterial strains showed resistance to all the tested antibiotic groups. The following MAR bacterial strains were selected, and their identification was confirmed by 16S rRNA with an accession number on the NCBI: Shigella flexneri MZ350855.1; Klebsiella aerogenes MZ352107.1; Serratia marcescens MZ618709.1; Yersinia enterocolitica MZ673567.1; and Achromobacter denitrificans OK560350.1. Star anise extract (SAE) gives the highest inhibitory efficiency against isolated MAR bacteria between three local plant extracts. SAE was used to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) using a simple and eco-friendly green biosynthesis technique. Synthesized MNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The effect of synthesized magnetic nanoparticles for wastewater treatment in bacterial portion demonstrated remarkable bactericidal performance against total bacterial count with a percentage reduction of 84% using 0.05 g, and the efficiency of decreasing heavy metals was estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E El-Sesy
- Microbiology Department, Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), National Water Research Center (NWRC), Cairo, Egypt ;
| | - Sahar A Othman
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), National Water Research Center (NWRC), Cairo, Egypt
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Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in wild birds hospitalised in a wildlife rescue centre. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 93:101945. [PMID: 36621272 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the consequence of a hospitalisation period on antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from wild bird species admitted in the wildlife rescue centre of the Department of Veterinary Sciences (Turin University, Italy). Samples were collected from 121 raptors and 51 synanthropic animals, at the time of arrival as well as 5 and 10 days afterwards for a total of 372 faecal samples, and the susceptibility of E. coli strains was tested to a panel of seven antibacterials. Of the total, 109 animals (63.37 %) presented at least one sample positive for E. coli, 36 strains (39.6 %) were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and 12 (13.2 %) were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. During the first 10 days of hospitalisation E. coli strains increased the number of resistances towards each antimicrobial principle, the number of ESBL E. coli and the therapy with fluoroquinolones developed resistance towards ceftriaxone, marbofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracycline. Our results suggest that wild birds act as reservoirs of MDR bacteria, being potential sources for their spreading in the environment and to other species.
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Batista R, Saraiva M, Lopes T, Silveira L, Coelho A, Furtado R, Castro R, Correia CB, Rodrigues D, Henriques P, Lóio S, Soeiro V, da Costa PM, Oleastro M, Pista A. Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp., in Free-Living Birds in Mainland Portugal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:223. [PMID: 36612545 PMCID: PMC9819048 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Birds are potential carriers of pathogens affecting humans and agriculture. Aiming to evaluate the occurrence of the top three most important foodborne pathogens in free-living birds in Portugal, we investigated 108 individual fecal samples from free-living birds and one pooled sample of gull feces (n = 50) for the presence of Escherichia coli (pathogenic and non-pathogenic), Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. Virulence- and antimicrobial resistance- (AMR) associated genes were detected by PCR and Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS), and phenotypic (serotyping and AMR profiles) characterization was performed. Overall, 8.9% of samples tested positive for pathogenic E. coli, 2.8% for Salmonella spp., and 9.9% for Campylobacter spp. AMR was performed on all pathogenic isolates and in a fraction of non-pathogenic E. coli, being detected in 25.9% of them. Ten of the tested E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and seven of them were Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Among Salmonella (n = 3) and Campylobacter (n = 9), only one strain of C. jejuni was identified as MDR. Most of the identified serotypes/sequence types had already been found to be associated with human disease. These results show that free-living birds in Portugal may act as carriers of foodborne pathogens linked to human disease, some of them resistant to critically important antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Batista
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Lopes
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Leonor Silveira
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anabela Coelho
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rosália Furtado
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Castro
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Belo Correia
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Rodrigues
- ESAC-IPC, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Polytechnic of Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
- CEF, Forest Research Centre, Edifício Prof. Azevedo Gomes, ISA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Henriques
- ESAC-IPC, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Polytechnic of Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
- Espaço de Visitação e Observação de Aves, 2600 Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal
| | - Sara Lóio
- Centro de Recuperação de Fauna do Parque Biológico de Gaia, Rua da Cunha, Avintes, 4430-812 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Soeiro
- Centro de Recuperação de Fauna do Parque Biológico de Gaia, Rua da Cunha, Avintes, 4430-812 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Angela Pista
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Wild Avifauna from Central Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070852. [PMID: 35884106 PMCID: PMC9311988 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Enterococcus are opportunistic pathogens, part of the normal intestinal microflora of animals, able to acquire and transfer antimicrobial resistance genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of wild avifauna as a source of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci. To assess this purpose, 103 Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from the feces of wild birds of different species; they were tested for antimicrobial resistance against 21 molecules, vancomycin resistance, and high-level aminoglycosides resistance (HLAR). Furthermore, genes responsible for vancomycin, tetracycline, and HLAR were searched. E. faecium was the most frequently detected species (60.20% of isolates), followed by E. faecalis (34.95% of isolates). Overall, 99.02% of the isolated enterococci were classified as multidrug-resistant, with 19.41% extensively drug-resistant, and 2.91% possible pan drug-resistant strains. Most of the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (77.67%) and ampicillin (75.73%), with only 5.83% of isolates showing an ampicillin MIC ≥ 64 mg/L. HLAR was detected in 35.92% of isolates, mainly associated with the genes ant(6)-Ia and aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia. Few strains (4.85%) were resistant to vancomycin, and the genes vanA and vanB were not detected. A percentage of 54.37% of isolates showed resistance to tetracycline; tet(M) was the most frequently detected gene in these strains. Wild birds may contribute to the spreading of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci, which can affect other animals and humans. Constant monitoring is essential to face up to the evolving antimicrobial resistance issue, and monitoring programs should include wild avifauna, too.
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Smith HG, Bean DC, Clarke RH, Loyn R, Larkins JA, Hassell C, Greenhill AR. Presence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Enterococcusspp. and Salmonellasp. in 12 species of Australian shorebirds and terns. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 69:615-624. [PMID: 35460193 PMCID: PMC9544147 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an ongoing threat to both human and animal health. Migratory birds are a potential vector for the spread of novel pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes. To date, there has been no comprehensive study investigating the presence of antibiotic resistance (AMR) in the bacteria of Australian shorebirds or terns. In the current study, 1022 individual birds representing 12 species were sampled across three states of Australia (Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia) and tested for the presence of phenotypically resistant strains of three bacteria with potential to be zoonotic pathogens; Escherichia coli, Enterococcusspp., and Salmonellasp. In total, 206 E. coli, 266 Enterococcusspp., and 20 Salmonellasp. isolates were recovered, with AMR detected in 42% of E. coli, 85% of Enterococcusspp., and 10% of Salmonellasp. Phenotypic resistance was commonly detected to erythromycin (79% of Enterococcusspp.), ciprofloxacin (31% of Enterococcusspp.) and streptomycin (21% of E. coli). Resident birds were more likely to carry AMR bacteria than migratory birds (p ≤ .001). Bacteria isolated from shorebirds and terns are commonly resistant to at least one antibiotic, suggesting that wild bird populations serve as a potential reservoir and vector for AMR bacteria. However, globally emerging phenotypes of multidrug‐resistant bacteria were not detected in Australian shorebirds. This study provides baseline data of the carriage of AMR bacteria in Australian shorebirds and terns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Smith
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - David C Bean
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Rohan H Clarke
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Loyn
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jo-Ann Larkins
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Churchill, Australia.,School of Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Hassell
- Global Flyway Network, Broome, Western Australia, Australia.,Australasian Wader Studies Group, Broome, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew R Greenhill
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
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Makarov DA, Ivanova OE, Pomazkova AV, Egoreva MA, Prasolova OV, Lenev SV, Gergel MA, Bukova NK, Karabanov SY. Antimicrobial resistance of commensal Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from food-producing animals in Russia. Vet World 2022; 15:611-621. [PMID: 35497972 PMCID: PMC9047118 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.611-621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Although Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are common members of human and animal gut microbiota, their resistance to different antimicrobials makes them important pathogens. Multidrug-resistant enterococci often contaminate foods of animal origin at slaughterhouses. The World Health Organization and the World Organization for Animal Health recommend including animal-derived enterococci in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring programs. This study aimed to fill a literature gap by determining the current AMR prevalence of E. faecalis and E. faecium from different food-producing animals in Russia. Materials and Methods Samples of biomaterial were taken from chickens (n=187), cattle (n=155), pigs (n=49), turkeys (n=34), sheep (n=31), and ducks (n=31) raised at 28 farms in 15 regions of Russia. Isolates of E. faecalis (n=277) and of E. faecium (n=210) (487 isolates in total; 1 isolate per sample) were tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobials from 11 classes using the broth microdilution method. Three criteria were used for the interpretation of minimum inhibitory concentration: Epidemiological cutoff values (ECOFFs) from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) clinical breakpoints. The AMR cloud online platform was used for data processing and statistical analysis. Results A difference of >10% was found between E. faecalis and E. faecium resistance to several antimicrobials (erythromycin, gentamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and streptomycin). In total, resistance to most antimicrobials for enterococci isolates of both species taken from turkeys, chicken, and pigs was higher than cattle, sheep, and ducks. The highest levels were found for turkeys and the lowest for ducks. Among antimicrobials, resistance to bacitracin and virginiamycin was 88-100% in nearly all cases. High levels of clinical resistance were found for both bacteria species: Rifampicin (44-84%) from all animals, tetracycline (45-100%) from poultry and pigs, and erythromycin (60-100%), ciprofloxacin (23-100%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (33-53%) from chickens, turkeys, and pigs. No vancomycin-resistant isolates were found. Most isolates were simultaneously resistant to one-three classes of antimicrobials, and they were rarely resistant to more than three antimicrobials or sensitive to all classes. Conclusion Differences in resistance between enterococci from different farm animals indicate that antimicrobial application is among the crucial factors determining the level of resistance. Conversely, resistance to rifampicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin found in enterococci from farm animals in our study was notably also found in enterococci from wild animals and birds. Our results may be partly explained by the intrinsic resistance of E. faecium and E. faecalis to some antimicrobials, such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and bacitracin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Makarov
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga E. Ivanova
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Pomazkova
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Egoreva
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Prasolova
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Lenev
- Department of Biotechnology, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Gergel
- Department of Immunobiological Drugs, Federal State Budgetary Institution, The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya K. Bukova
- Testing Centre, Federal State Budgetary Institution The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Yu Karabanov
- Department of Experimental Clinic and Research Laboratory for Bioactive Substances of Animal Origin, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
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Saiful Islam M, Paul A, Talukder M, Roy K, Abdus Sobur M, Ievy S, Mehedi Hasan Nayeem M, Rahman S, Nazmul Hussain Nazir KHM, Tofazzal Hossain M, Tanvir Rahman M. Migratory birds travelling to Bangladesh are potential carriers of multi-drug resistant Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5963-5970. [PMID: 34588913 PMCID: PMC8459117 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major health crisis globally. Migratory birds could be a potential source for antibiotic resistant (ABR) bacteria. Not much is known about their role in the transmission of ABR in Bangladesh. In this study, a total of 66 freshly dropped fecal materials of migratory birds were analyzed. Bacterial isolation and identification were based on cultural properties, biochemical tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The disk diffusion method was employed to evaluate antibiogram profiles. By PCR, out of 66 samples, the detection rate of Enterococcus spp. (60.61%; 95% confidence interval: 48.55-71.50%) was found significantly higher than Salmonella spp. (21.21%; 95% CI: 13.08-32.51%) and Vibrio spp. (39.40%; 95% CI: 28.50-51.45%). Enterococcus isolates were frequently found resistant (100-40%) to ampicillin, streptomycin, meropenem, erythromycin, and gentamicin; Salmonella isolates were frequently resistant (72-43%) to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, and erythromycin; and Vibrio spp. isolates were frequently resistant (77-31%) to vancomycin, ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and streptomycin. In addition, 60% (95% CI: 44.60-73.65%) Enterococcus spp., 85.71% (95% CI: 60.06-97.46%) Salmonella spp., and 76.92% (95% CI: 57.95-88.97%) Vibrio spp. isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) in nature. Three isolates (one from each bacterium) were found resistant against six classes of antibiotics. The bivariate analysis revealed strong associations (both positive and negative) between several antibiotic pairs which were resistant to isolated organisms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in detecting MDR Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp. from migratory birds travelling to Bangladesh. Frequent detection of MDR bacteria from migratory birds travelling to Bangladesh suggests that these birds have the potential to carry and spread ABR bacteria and could implicate potential risks to public health. We recommend that these birds should be kept under an AMR surveillance program to minimize the potential risk of contamination of the environment with ABR as well as to reduce their hazardous impacts on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Anamika Paul
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mithun Talukder
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Krishna Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdus Sobur
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Samina Ievy
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan Nayeem
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Saifur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - K H M Nazmul Hussain Nazir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Nowaczek A, Dec M, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Urban-Chmiel R, Marek A, Różański P. Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Profiles of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Wild Birds in Poland. Pathogens 2021; 10:1059. [PMID: 34451523 PMCID: PMC8400592 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild animals are increasingly reported as carriers of antibiotic-resistant and pathogenic bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae. However, the role of free-living birds as reservoirs for potentially dangerous microbes is not yet thoroughly understood. In our work, we examined Escherichia coli strains from wild birds in Poland in relation to their antimicrobial agents susceptibility, virulence and phylogenetic affiliation. Identification of E. coli was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the broth microdilution method, and resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. E. coli bacteria were isolated from 32 of 34 samples. The strains were most often classified into phylogenetic groups B1 (50%) and A (25%). Resistance to tetracycline (50%), ciprofloxacin (46.8%), gentamicin (34.3%) and ampicillin (28.1%) was most frequently reported, and as many as 31.2% of E. coli isolates exhibited a multidrug resistance phenotype. Among resistance genes, sul2 (31.2% of isolates) and blaTEM (28.1%) were identified most frequently, while irp-2 (31.2%) and ompT (28.1%) were the most common virulence-associated genes. Five strains were included in the APEC group. The study indicates that wild birds can be carriers of potentially dangerous E. coli strains and vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria and resistance determinants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nowaczek
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (D.S.-P.); (R.U.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (D.S.-P.); (R.U.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (D.S.-P.); (R.U.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (D.S.-P.); (R.U.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Marek
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (D.S.-P.); (R.U.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Paweł Różański
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Hazards, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Suárez-Pérez A, Corbera JA, González-Martín M, Tejedor-Junco MT. Multidrug-Resistant Phenotypes of Escherichia coli Isolates in Wild Canarian Egyptian Vultures ( Neophron percnopterus majorensis). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061692. [PMID: 34204084 PMCID: PMC8229213 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Increasing antimicrobial resistance is a global problem for both human and animal health. Escherichia coli is frequently used as a “sentinel” for antimicrobial resistance and as an indicator of faecal contamination of the environment. This study is a characterisation of the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of E. coli isolates obtained from cloacal samples of Canarian Egyptian vultures. A total of 65 chickens and 38 adult and immature birds were studied. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 16 antibiotics of 12 different categories was determined in 103 E. coli isolates. We found a 39.8% prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli. Almost all MDR phenotypes found included resistance to tetracycline, an antibiotic widely used in veterinary medicine. Resistance has also been found to chloramphenicol (13 MDR phenotypes), imipenem (5 MDR phenotypes) and others. Wild birds can act as reservoirs and disseminators of MDR E. coli, transferring them via faeces to the environment, feed or water. Our results highlight the need to minimise exposure of wild birds to antimicrobials from human activities to avoid the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Abstract The presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in cloacal samples from Canarian Egyptian vultures was investigated. Samples were obtained from chicks (n = 65) and from adults and immature birds (n = 38). Antimicrobial susceptibility to 16 antibiotics included in 12 different categories was determined for 103 E. coli isolates. MDR was defined as acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. Forty-seven different resistance phenotypes were detected: 31 MDR (41 isolates) and 16 non-MDR (62 isolates). One isolate was resistant to all 12 antimicrobial categories and 2 phenotypes included resistance to 9 antimicrobial categories. Imipenem resistance was included in five MDR phenotypes, corresponding to five different isolates. Statistically significant differences in prevalence of MDR-phenotypes were found between chicks in nests and the rest of the animals, probably due to the shorter exposure time of chicks to antimicrobials. The main risk derived from MDR bacteria in scavengers is that it threatens the treatment of wild animals in rescue centres and could be transferred to other animals in the facilities. In addition to this, it could pose a health risk to veterinarians or other staff involved in wildlife protection programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Suárez-Pérez
- Wildlife Animal Rescue Centre, Cabildo de Tenerife, 38291 La Laguna, Spain;
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production and Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Juan Alberto Corbera
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production and Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35413 Arucas, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, ULPGC, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (M.T.T.-J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Margarita González-Martín
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, ULPGC, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (M.T.T.-J.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, ULPGC, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (M.T.T.-J.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35413 Arucas, Spain
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12
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Nishimura E, Nishiyama M, Nukazawa K, Suzuki Y. Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli between Pristine and Human-Impacted Sites in a River. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050575. [PMID: 34068153 PMCID: PMC8152993 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on the actual existence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rivers where sewage, urban wastewater, and livestock wastewater do not load is essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water environments. This study compared the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli upstream and downstream of human habitation. The survey was conducted in the summer, winter, and spring seasons. Resistance to one or more antibiotics at upstream and downstream sites was on average 18% and 20%, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between the survey sites. The resistance rates at the upstream site (total of 98 isolated strains) to each antibiotic were cefazolin 17%, tetracycline 12%, and ampicillin 8%, in descending order. Conversely, for the downstream site (total of 89 isolated strains), the rates were ampicillin 16%, cefazolin 16%, and tetracycline 1% in descending order. The resistance rate of tetracycline in the downstream site was significantly lower than that of the upstream site. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that many strains showed different resistance profiles even in the same cluster of the Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. Moreover, the resistance profiles differed in the same cluster of the upstream and the downstream sites. In flowing from the upstream to the downstream site, it is plausible that E. coli transmitted or lacked the antibiotic resistance gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Nishimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (E.N.); (K.N.)
| | - Masateru Nishiyama
- Department of Food, Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan;
| | - Kei Nukazawa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (E.N.); (K.N.)
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (E.N.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-985-58-7339
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13
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Castaño-Arriba A, González-Machado C, Igrejas G, Poeta P, Alonso-Calleja C, Capita R. Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm-Forming Ability in Enterococcal Isolates from Red Meat and Poultry Preparations. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121021. [PMID: 33287445 PMCID: PMC7761845 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the resistance to antibiotics and the capacity to form a biofilm of 200 isolates of enterococci isolated from raw preparations of beef (51 strains), pork (47), chicken (50), and turkey (52) acquired in north-western Spain. Fifteen antimicrobials of clinical importance were tested by the disc diffusion method. The average number of resistances per strain was 4.48 ± 1.59. If resistant strains were taken together with those showing reduced susceptibility, the total number of resistances per strain was 6.97 ± 2.02. Two isolates (1.0% of strains) were resistant to a single antibiotic, twenty-two isolates (11.0%) presented resistance to two, one strain (0.5%) was resistant to three, and 175 isolates (87.5%) showed a multiple drug-resistant phenotype (MDR; defined as no susceptibility to at least one agent from each of three or more antimicrobial categories). The prevalence of resistance varied between 0.5% (gentamicin) and 100% (kanamycin). All strains produced biofilm on polystyrene microwell plates, determined using crystal violet assay. Isolates were classified as having a weak (51 strains; average optical density at 580 nanometers -OD580- = 0.206 ± 0.033), moderate (78 strains; average OD580 = 0.374 ± 0.068), or strong (71 strains; average OD580 = 1.167 ± 0.621) ability to produce biofilm (p < 0.05). Isolates from beef preparations produced the most substantial (p < 0.05) biofilms. The results of this study indicate that meat and poultry preparations are major reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant enterococcal strains capable of forming a biofilm. In order for food-borne infections to be prevented, the importance of careful handling of these foodstuffs during preparation, avoiding cross-contamination, and ensuring thorough cooking, is stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Castaño-Arriba
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; (A.C.-A.); (C.G.-M.); (C.A.-C.)
| | - Camino González-Machado
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; (A.C.-A.); (C.G.-M.); (C.A.-C.)
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-811 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; (A.C.-A.); (C.G.-M.); (C.A.-C.)
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Rosa Capita
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; (A.C.-A.); (C.G.-M.); (C.A.-C.)
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9-8729-1000 (ext. 5633); Fax: +34-9-8729-3073
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Zhang S, Abbas M, Rehman MU, Huang Y, Zhou R, Gong S, Yang H, Chen S, Wang M, Cheng A. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via integrons in Escherichia coli: A risk to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115260. [PMID: 32717638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the induction of various emerging environmental contaminants such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), environment is considered as a key indicator for the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As such, the ARGs mediated environmental pollution raises a significant public health concern worldwide. Among various genetic mechanisms that are involved in the dissemination of ARGs, integrons play a vital role in the dissemination of ARGs. Integrons are mobile genetic elements that can capture and spread ARGs among environmental settings via transmissible plasmids and transposons. Most of the ARGs are found in Gram-negative bacteria and are primarily studied for their potential role in antibiotic resistance in clinical settings. As one of the most common microorganisms, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is widely studied as an indicator carrying drug-resistant genes, so this article aims to provide an in-depth study on the spread of ARGs via integrons associated with E. coli outside clinical settings and highlight their potential role as environmental contaminants. It also focuses on multiple but related aspects that do facilitate environmental pollution, i.e. ARGs from animal sources, water treatment plants situated at or near animal farms, agriculture fields, wild birds and animals. We believe that this updated study with summarized text, will facilitate the readers to understand the primary mechanisms as well as a variety of factors involved in the transmission and spread of ARGs among animals, humans, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaqiu Zhang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Livestock and Dairy Development Department Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yahui Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Siyue Gong
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Shuling Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
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15
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Höfle U, Jose Gonzalez-Lopez J, Camacho MC, Solà-Ginés M, Moreno-Mingorance A, Manuel Hernández J, De La Puente J, Pineda-Pampliega J, Aguirre JI, Torres-Medina F, Ramis A, Majó N, Blas J, Migura-Garcia L. Foraging at Solid Urban Waste Disposal Sites as Risk Factor for Cephalosporin and Colistin Resistant Escherichia coli Carriage in White Storks ( Ciconia ciconia). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1397. [PMID: 32849315 PMCID: PMC7399022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
White stork (Ciconia ciconia) may act as a reservoir and vehicle of cephalosporin resistant (CR) Escherichia coli. Between 2011 and 2014, we sampled white storks from colonies exposed to different degrees of anthropic pressure across the major areas of natural distribution of white storks in Spain. Cloacal swab samples (n = 467) were obtained from individuals belonging to 12 different colonies from six different regions. Additionally, 70 samples were collected from recently deposited droppings at the base of nesting platforms. We phenotypically characterized E. coli isolates, confirmed presence of CR genes and classified plasmids. Risk factors for acquiring these genes were assessed. Overall, 8.8% (41 out of 467) storks carried CR E. coli in their cloaca and five (7.1%) were identified from recently deposited droppings; therefore, 46 isolates were further characterized. Of them, 20 contained blaCTX–M–1, nine blaCMY–2, six blaCTX–M–14, four blaSHV–12, three blaCTX–M–15, two blaCTX–M–32, one blaCTX–M–1 together with blaCMY–2, and one blaCTX–M–1 together with blaSHV–12. All were multidrug-resistant, and four harbored the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mcr-1 gene. CR genes were associated with the presence of IncI1, IncFIB, and IncN replicon families. XbaI-macrorestriction analysis revealed a great diversity among most of the XbaI-PFGE types, but indistinguishable types were also seen with isolates obtained from different locations. Clonal complex 10 was the most common among CR E. coli and two blaCTX–M–15 positive isolates were identified as B2-ST131. Carriage of CR E. coli was significantly higher in colonies located close to solid urban waste disposal sites in which foraging on human waste was more likely and in one case to cattle grazing. The co-occurrence of blaCMY–2 and mcr-1 on plasmids of E. coli isolated from wild birds as early as 2011 is of note, as the earliest previous report of mcr-1 in wild birds is from 2016. Our study shows that foraging at landfills and in association with cattle grazing are important risk factors for the acquisition of CR E. coli in white storks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Höfle
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology) Working Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Gonzalez-Lopez
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cruz Camacho
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology) Working Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marc Solà-Ginés
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Albert Moreno-Mingorance
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Pineda-Pampliega
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Torres-Medina
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain.,Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Antoni Ramis
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Natalia Majó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Julio Blas
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Lourdes Migura-Garcia
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
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Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in E. coli of Rats in the Region North East of Gabon. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:5163493. [PMID: 32733665 PMCID: PMC7383316 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5163493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance occurs in the environment by multiplication and the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria that would be due to an improper and incorrect use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of E.coli producing Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase (ESBL) antibiotics from rats and gregarious animals in a semirural area of Gabon and to evaluate the origin of a resistance distribution in the environment from animal feces. The bacterial culture was carried out, and the identification of E. coli strains on a specific medium and the antibiotic susceptibility tests allowed establishing the prevalence. Characterization of resistance genes was performed by gene amplification after DNA extraction. On 161 feces collected in rats, 32 strains were isolated, and 11 strains of E. coli produced ESBL with a prevalence of 34.37%. Molecular tests showed that CTX-M genes 214 bp were identified in rats. The presence of CTX-M genes could have a human origin. So, the rats can carry ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae which poses a risk to human health and pets in this region of Gabon.
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Ben Rhouma R, Jouini A, Klibi A, Hamrouni S, Boubaker A, Kmiha S, Maaroufi A. Molecular characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits in Tunisia. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2020.10879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolates in diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits in Tunisia and characterise their virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. In the 2014-2015 period, 60 faecal samples from diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits were collected from different breeding farms in Tunisia. Susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents was tested by disc diffusion method and the mechanisms of gene resistance were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods. Forty <em>E. coli</em> isolates were recovered in selective media. High frequency of resistance to tetracycline (95%) was detected, followed by different levels of resistance to sulphonamide (72.5%), streptomycin (62.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (60%), nalidixic acid (32.5%), ampicillin (37.5%) and ticarcillin (35%). <em>E. coli</em> strains were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and imipenem. Different variants of bla<sub>TEM</sub>, <em>tet</em>, <em>sul</em> genes were detected in most of the strains resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and sulphonamide, respectively. The presence of class 1 integron was studied in 29 sulphonamide-resistant <em>E. coli</em> strains from which 15 harboured class 1 integron with four different arrangements of gene cassettes, <em>dfrA17</em>+<em>aadA5</em> (n=9), <em>dfrA1</em> + <em>aadA1</em> (n=4), <em>dfrA12</em> + <em>addA2</em> (n=1), <em>dfrA12</em>+<em>orf</em>+<em>addA2</em> (n=1). The <em>qnrB</em> gene was detected in six strains out of 13 quinolone-resistant <em>E. coli</em> strains. Seventeen <em>E. coli</em> isolates from diarrhoeic rabbits harboured the enteropathogenic eae genes associated with different virulence genes tested (<em>fimA</em>, <em>cnf1</em>, <em>aer</em>), and affiliated to B2 (n=8) and D (n=9) phylogroups. Isolated <em>E. coli</em> strains from healthy rabbit were harbouring <em>fim A</em> and/or <em>cnf1</em> genes and affiliated to A and B1 phylogroups. This study showed that <em>E. coli</em> strains from the intestinal tract of rabbits are resistant to the widely prescribed antibiotics in medicine. Therefore, they constitute a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant genes, which may play a significant role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, the eae virulence gene seemed to be implicated in diarrhoea in breeder rabbits in Tunisia.
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Silva V, Peixoto F, Parelho C, Garcia P, Rodrigues A, Silva A, Carvalho I, Pereira JE, Igrejas G, Poeta PACQD. Occurrence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in soils subjected to livestock grazing in Azores archipelago: an environment-health pollution issue? Int Microbiol 2020; 23:619-624. [PMID: 32514644 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are successful drugs used in human and animal therapy; however, they must be considered as environmental pollutants. This study aims to isolate and characterize the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli soil from Azores Archipelago subjected to livestock agricultural practices. Twenty-four soil samples were collected from three different pasture systems with different number of cattle heads, and from a control site. Antibiotic susceptibility method was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 16 antibiotics, and the presence of genes encoding lactamases, antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nine ESBLs were recovered from the three grazing sites, and all isolates presented the beta-lactamase genes blaCTX-M-3 and blaSHV. E. coli isolates were resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin and harbored the tetB, strA, and strB genes. One isolate also showed resistance to sulfonamides, and the genes sul1 and sul2 were detected. The isolates were grouped into the following phylogenic groups: B1 (n = 6), D (n = 2), and A (n = 1). The presence of antibiotics and resistance genes in soils may be the source to the development of antimicrobial resistance, which may have negative consequences in human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Peixoto
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carolina Parelho
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.,cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Garcia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.,cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Armindo Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.,IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Adriana Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Carvalho
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Alexandra Curado Quintas Dinis Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal. .,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, Caparica, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Capita R, Cordero J, Molina-González D, Igrejas G, Poeta P, Alonso-Calleja C. Phylogenetic Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates from Pigeon Meat. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:E259. [PMID: 31835475 PMCID: PMC6963593 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring resistance to antibiotics in wild animals may assist in evaluating tendencies in the evolution of this major public health problem. The aims of this research work were to determine the patterns of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from the meat of wild or domestically reared pigeons from Spain, to detect the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, and to carry out a phylogenetic classification of the isolates. Of the 37 E. coli strains tested, 32.43% of them belonged to the B2 phylogenetic group, which is often implicated in extra-intestinal infections. None of the strains showed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase activity. All the isolates presented resistance or reduced susceptibility to two or more antibiotics, with high levels of resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides and tetracycline. Ten resistance genes were detected, the most frequent of which were ampC, conferring resistance to ampicillin and aadA, conferring resistance to streptomycin. In total, 97.30% of the strains carried virulence factors (between one and five). The strains from pigeons reared in captivity harboured higher average numbers of resistance and virulence genes than isolates from wild pigeons. Pigeon meat is an important reservoir of E. coli with genes for antibiotic resistance and virulence having the potential to cause disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Jorge Cordero
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Diana Molina-González
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-811 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-811 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-811 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
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20
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Ben Said L, Jouini A, Fliss I, Torres C, Klibi N. Antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence gene encoding intimin in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus isolated from wild rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Tunisia. Acta Vet Hung 2019; 67:477-488. [PMID: 31842593 DOI: 10.1556/004.2019.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in wildlife must be viewed as a major concern with serious implications for human and animal health. Escherichia coli and enterococcal isolates were recovered from faecal samples of 49 wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on specific media and were characterised using biochemical and molecular tests. For all isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed, and resistance genes were detected by PCR. Molecular typing of isolates was carried out by pulsed-field gel-electrophoresis, and E. coli strains were also tested for the presence of intimin (eae) gene characteristic of rabbit enteropathogenic E. coli. A total of 34 E. coli and 36 enterococci [E. hirae (52.8%) and E. faecalis (47.2%)] were obtained. For E. coli, resistance to tetracycline (94%), streptomycin (62%), ciprofloxacin (47%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (35%) and chloramphenicol (6%) was observed. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was detected in one E. coli strain that carried the blaCMY-2 and blaTEM-1 genes. Class 1 integrons were detected in eight isolates. For enterococci, resistance to tetracycline (63.9%), erythromycin (30.5%), streptomycin (18.2%), and chloramphenicol (5.5%) was detected. The tet(M)+tet(L), erm(B) and ant (6)-Ia genes were identified in thirteen, seven and three resistant Enterococcus strains, respectively. Molecular typing showed a high diversity among our strains. Wild rabbits could represent a reservoir of E. coli, and enterococci carrying antimicrobial resistance genes and E. coli additionally carrying the eae gene of enteropathogenic pathotypes could both contaminate the environment. our finding seems to represent the first report of eae-positive E. coli in wild rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Ben Said
- 1Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6 Quebec, Canada
| | - Ahlem Jouini
- 2Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiologie, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Fliss
- 1Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6 Quebec, Canada
| | - Carmen Torres
- 3Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Naouel Klibi
- 4Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules actives, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
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Cordero J, Alonso-Calleja C, García-Fernández C, Capita R. Microbial Load and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis Isolates from the Meat of Wild and Domestic Pigeons. Foods 2019; 8:E536. [PMID: 31683845 PMCID: PMC6915359 DOI: 10.3390/foods8110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An expansion in the consumption of pigeon meat has occurred in recent years. However, little is known about microbial load and antibiotic resistance of this foodstuff. The hygiene status and the antibiotic resistance patterns (disc diffusion; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI) of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from wild and domestic pigeon carcasses were investigated. Average microbial loads (log10 cfu/cm2) ranged from 1.40 ± 1.17 (fecal coliforms) to 3.68 ± 1.40 (psychrotrophs). The highest (p < 0.05) microbial loads were observed in domestic pigeons. No substantial differences were found between isolates from domestic and wild pigeons with regard to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Of the E. coli strains, 20.00% were susceptible, 25.00% showed resistance or reduced susceptibility to one antimicrobial and 55.00% were multi-resistant. Among the E. faecalis isolates, 2.22% were susceptible and 97.78% were multi-resistant. The greatest prevalence of resistance or reduced susceptibility among E. coli was observed for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (20.00% strains), ampicillin (26.67%), streptomycin (55.00%) and tobramycin (20.00%). The prevalence of resistance or reduced susceptibility among E. faecalis ranged from 31.11% (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) to 97.78% (erythromycin). Meat from pigeons is a major reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The need for the correct handling of this foodstuff in order to reduce risks to consumers is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cordero
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain.
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain.
| | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain.
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain.
| | - Camino García-Fernández
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain.
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain.
| | - Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain.
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain.
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Sarker MS, Ahad A, Ghosh SK, Mannan MS, Sen A, Islam S, Bayzid M, Bupasha ZB. Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in deer and nearby water sources at Safari parks in Bangladesh. Vet World 2019; 12:1578-1583. [PMID: 31849419 PMCID: PMC6868268 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1578-1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The emergence and rapid dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in different ecosystems is a growing concern to human health, animal health, and the environment in recent years. The study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli from deer and nearby water sources at two different Safari parks in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods A number of 55 fresh fecal samples of deer and six water samples from nearby lakes were collected from two Safari parks. Samples were processed, cultured, and carried out biochemical tests for E. coli. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. To identify the resistance genes, polymerase chain reaction was performed. Results A total of 32 E. coli isolates from 55 fecal samples and 6 of 6 E. coli isolates from lake water were isolated. From fecal E. coli isolates, ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole were 90.63% (n=29/32) resistant and 87.5% (n=28/32) were resistant to tetracycline and nalidixic acid. High resistance was also observed to other antibiotics. On the contrary, all E. coli isolates from water sources were 100% (n=6/6) resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and nalidixic acid. MDR was revealed in all water samples, whereas 96.88% (n=31/32) was found in fecal isolates. A number of bla TEM, tet A, and Sul2 genes were detected from both isolates. Conclusion This study for the 1st time highlights, a significant proportion of E. coli isolates in wildlife deer and nearby water sources were MDR in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Samun Sarker
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Saurav Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahriar Mannan
- Department of Livestock Services, Upazila Livestock Office, Thakurgaon Sadar, Thakurgaon, Bangladesh
| | - Arup Sen
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Sirazul Islam
- Department of Livestock Services, Upazila Livestock Office, Mithamain, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Bayzid
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Zamila Bueaza Bupasha
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
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Tormoehlen K, Johnson-Walker YJ, Lankau EW, Myint MS, Herrmann JA. Considerations for studying transmission of antimicrobial resistant enteric bacteria between wild birds and the environment on intensive dairy and beef cattle operations. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6460. [PMID: 30834183 PMCID: PMC6397636 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild birds using livestock facilities for food and shelter may contribute to dissemination of enteric pathogens or antimicrobial resistant bacteria. However, drivers of microbial exchange among wildlife and livestock are not well characterized. Predisposition for acquiring and retaining environmental bacteria may vary among species because of physiologic or behavioral differences, complicating selection of a bacterial model that can accurately characterize microbial connections among hosts of interest. This study compares the prevalence and antibiotic resistance phenotypes of two potential model bacterial organisms isolated from wild birds and their environments. METHODS We compared prevalence and resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus species isolated from environmental swabs and bird feces on a residential control site, a confinement dairy, a pasture-based beef farm, and a confinement beef farm. RESULTS Bird feces at all sites had low-to-moderate prevalence of Escherichia coli (range: 17-47%), despite potential for exposure on farms (range: 63-97%). Few Escherichia coli were isolated from the control environment. Enterococcus faecalis was dominant in birds at both beef farms (62% and 81% of Enterococcus isolates) and low-to-moderately prevalent at the dairy and control sites (29% and 23% of isolates, respectively). Antimicrobial resistance prevalence was higher in farm samples compared to those from the residential control, but distribution of resistant isolates varied between the bacterial genera. Birds on all farms carried resistant Enterococcus at similar rates to that of the environment, but resistance was less common in bird-associated Escherichia coli despite presence of resistant isolates in the farm environment. DISCUSSION Bacterial species studied may affect how readily bacterial exchange among populations is detected. Selection of microbial models must carefully consider both the questions being posed and how findings might influence resulting management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Tormoehlen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yvette J. Johnson-Walker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Emily W. Lankau
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maung San Myint
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John A. Herrmann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Abstract
Enterococci are natural inhabitants of the intestinal tract in humans and many animals, including food-producing and companion animals. They can easily contaminate the food and the environment, entering the food chain. Moreover, Enterococcus is an important opportunistic pathogen, especially the species E. faecalis and E. faecium, causing a wide variety of infections. This microorganism not only contains intrinsic resistance mechanisms to several antimicrobial agents, but also has the capacity to acquire new mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. In this review we analyze the diversity of enterococcal species and their distribution in the intestinal tract of animals. Moreover, resistance mechanisms for different classes of antimicrobials of clinical relevance are reviewed, as well as the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant enterococci of animal origin, with special attention given to beta-lactams, glycopeptides, and linezolid. The emergence of new antimicrobial resistance genes in enterococci of animal origin, such as optrA and cfr, is highlighted. The molecular epidemiology and the population structure of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates in farm and companion animals is presented. Moreover, the types of plasmids that carry the antimicrobial resistance genes in enterococci of animal origin are reviewed.
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Abstract
Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli has become a worrying issue that is increasingly observed in human but also in veterinary medicine worldwide. E. coli is intrinsically susceptible to almost all clinically relevant antimicrobial agents, but this bacterial species has a great capacity to accumulate resistance genes, mostly through horizontal gene transfer. The most problematic mechanisms in E. coli correspond to the acquisition of genes coding for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins), carbapenemases (conferring resistance to carbapenems), 16S rRNA methylases (conferring pan-resistance to aminoglycosides), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (conferring resistance to [fluoro]quinolones), and mcr genes (conferring resistance to polymyxins). Although the spread of carbapenemase genes has been mainly recognized in the human sector but poorly recognized in animals, colistin resistance in E. coli seems rather to be related to the use of colistin in veterinary medicine on a global scale. For the other resistance traits, their cross-transfer between the human and animal sectors still remains controversial even though genomic investigations indicate that extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers encountered in animals are distinct from those affecting humans. In addition, E. coli of animal origin often also show resistances to other-mostly older-antimicrobial agents, including tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fosfomycin. Plasmids, especially multiresistance plasmids, but also other mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and gene cassettes in class 1 and class 2 integrons, seem to play a major role in the dissemination of resistance genes. Of note, coselection and persistence of resistances to critically important antimicrobial agents in human medicine also occurs through the massive use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine, such as tetracyclines or sulfonamides, as long as all those determinants are located on the same genetic elements.
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Ben Yahia H, Chairat S, Hamdi N, Gharsa H, Ben Sallem R, Ceballos S, Torres C, Ben Slama K. Antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of faecal enterococci of wild birds: Emergence of vanA and vanB2 harbouring Enterococcus faecalis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:936-941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Grassotti TT, de Angelis Zvoboda D, da Fontoura Xavier Costa L, de Araújo AJG, Pereira RI, Soares RO, Wagner PGC, Frazzon J, Frazzon APG. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Enterococcus spp. Isolates From Fecal Samples of Wild and Captive Black Capuchin Monkeys (S apajus nigritus) in South Brazil. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2366. [PMID: 30356681 PMCID: PMC6189294 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The environment, human, and animals play an important role in the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Enterococci are members of the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals and represent important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. Until today, few studies have examined antibiotic susceptibility in enterococci isolated from primates. Therefore, the present study investigated species distribution, antibiotic susceptibility, and resistance genes in enterococci isolated from wild and captive black capuchins monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) in Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil. A total of 24 swabs/fecal samples were collected, including 19 from wild monkeys living in two forest fragments [São Sebastião do Caí (SSC) and Santa Cruz do Sul (SCS)], and five in captive [Parque Zoológico da Fundação Zoobotânica (ZOO)], between August 2016 and November 2017. Fifteen colonies were randomly selected from each sample. Enterococci were identified by MALDI-TOF, tested for susceptibility to 12 antibiotics; and screened for tet(S), tet(M), tet(L), msrC, and erm(B) genes by PCR. Two-hundred ninety-six enterococci were isolated (SSC n = 137; SCS n = 86; ZOO n = 73) and differences in Enterococcus species distribution were detected on three monkey groups, with low abundance in SCS (1 - D = 0.2), followed by ZOO (1 - D = 0.68), and SSC (1 - D = 0.73). The enterococci frequently recovered include the following: Enterococcus faecalis (42.6%), E. hirae (29.1%), and E. faecium (15.9%). Antibiotic-nonsusceptible was observed in 202 (67.9%) strains. The rate of non-susceptibility to rifampicin, tetracycline, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin was 46%, 26%, 22% and 19%, 13%, 0.3%, and 0.3%, respectively. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, and linezolid. Forty-three (14.52%) isolates were identified as multidrug resistant (MDR), and the highest number of MDR enterococci were E. faecium recovered from wild monkeys living close to a hospital and water treatment plant. Elevated rates of antibiotic resistance genes msrC and tet(L) were isolates from ZOO. In conclusion, differences in the frequency of enterococci species, antibiotic-nonsusceptible and antibiotic resistance genes in all groups of monkeys were identified. These data suggest that anthropogenic activities could have an impact in the resistome of primate gut enterococci communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiela Trapp Grassotti
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dejoara de Angelis Zvoboda
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia da Fontoura Xavier Costa
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alberto Jorge Gomes de Araújo
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Inhoque Pereira
- Gram-Positive Cocci Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Oliveira Soares
- Gram-Positive Cocci Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Jeverson Frazzon
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Carter DL, Docherty KM, Gill SA, Baker K, Teachout J, Vonhof MJ. Antibiotic resistant bacteria are widespread in songbirds across rural and urban environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:1234-1241. [PMID: 30857088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine to treat pathogenic bacteria has resulted in the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Wild animals may enable the spread of pathogenic and non-pathogenic ARB when they are exposed to reservoirs (e.g., contaminated soil, water, or crops) and carry ARB in and on their bodies to other environments. We tested for the presence of ARB in four songbird species in southwest Michigan across a gradient of land use. Our specific objectives were to: 1) quantify the prevalence of ARB found in the gut microbiome of birds; 2) identify the specific bacteria exhibiting resistance; 3) assess whether ARB prevalence and identity varied among bird species; and 4) assess whether anthropogenic land use influenced the prevalence and identity of ARB found on birds. We sampled birds across a land use gradient consisting of urban, agricultural, and natural land covers using a randomized, spatially-balanced sampling design and cultured bacteria from fecal samples in the presence of three different antibiotics (amoxicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin). Overall prevalence of ARB was high, with 88% of total birds carrying ARB resistant to one of three antibiotics that we tested. Resistance to amoxicillin was more common (83% of sampled birds) than resistance to tetracycline (15%) or ciprofloxacin (1%). Identified ARB were diverse, and included 135 isolates representing 5 bacterial phyla and 22 genera. There was no effect of land use on ARB prevalence, with 90% of sampled birds captured in rural sites and 85% of sampled birds in urban sites carrying ARB. We provide the first analysis of ARB prevalence across multiple bird species and land uses utilizing a spatially-balanced, randomized study design. Our results demonstrate that nearly all sampled birds carried at least some ARB, and that they may serve as important dispersal agents of ARB across large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Carter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States
| | - Kathryn M Docherty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States
| | - Sharon A Gill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States
| | - Kathleen Baker
- Department of Geography, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States
| | - Jordan Teachout
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States
| | - Maarten J Vonhof
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States; Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, United States.
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Zhang M, Shen Z, Rollins D, Fales W, Zhang S. Pilot Study of Antimicrobial Resistance in Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus). Avian Dis 2018; 61:391-396. [PMID: 28957012 DOI: 10.1637/11629-031517-regr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important issue for both wildlife conservation and public health. The purpose of this study was to screen for AMR in fecal bacteria isolated from northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), a species that is an ecologically and economically important natural resource in the southern United States. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 45 Escherichia coli isolates, 20 Enterococcus faecalis isolates, and 10 Enterococcus faecium isolates were determined using the SensititerTM microbroth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) plate, AVIAN1F. Overall, E. coli isolates had high MIC values for the following classes of antimicrobials: aminocoumarins, beta-lactams, lincosamides, macrolides, florfenicol, and sulfonamides. Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium isolates had high MICs for aminocyclitols, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, lincosamides, and sulfonamides. Enterococcus faecalis isolates also showed high MICs for aminocoumarins, while E. faecium isolates had high MICs for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. Based on available veterinary interpretive criteria, 15% and 33% of E. coli isolates were resistant to sulphathiazole and sulphadimethoxine, respectively. Intermediate susceptibility to florfenicol was seen with 17.8% of E. coli isolates. Twenty percent of E. faecalis and 80% of E. faecium isolates were resistant to high-concentration streptomycin. One third of E. faecalis and 70% of E. faecium isolates were intermediately susceptible to erythromycin. Ten percent of E. faecium isolates were resistant to tetracycline and oxytetracycline. A comparison of available MIC suggests that AMR in wild bobwhite is less severe than in domestic poultry. Further investigation is needed to determine the source of AMR in wild bobwhite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zhang
- A Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- B Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Dale Rollins
- C Rolling Plains Quail Research Foundation, Roby, TX 76956
| | - William Fales
- B Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Shuping Zhang
- B Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
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WILD BIRDS AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF KNOWN AND NOVEL MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPES OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS. J Wildl Dis 2017; 54:219-228. [PMID: 29148887 DOI: 10.7589/2017-05-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of 27 Enterococcus faecalis isolates from 25 wild bird species in Poland. Resistance to lincomycin (100%) was most common followed by tetracycline (48%), erythromycin (44%), and ciprofloxacin (22%). High-level resistance to streptomycin and kanamycin was observed in 19% and 15% of isolates, respectively. One isolate (4%) exhibited low-level resistance to penicillin and vancomycin, and all isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Antibiotic resistance was linked to the tet(M), tet(L), erm(A), erm(B), msr(A/B), ant(6)-Ia, and aph(3')-IIIa genes. None of the tested van ( vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2/C3, vanD, vanE, vanG) genes were found in the vancomycin-resistant isolate. Based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing analysis, the E. faecalis population from wild birds revealed high genetic diversity. All isolates were divided into 22 pulsotypes and 18 sequence types (STs), among which seven STs were newly assigned (ST748-ST753 and ST764). The most-prevalent STs were ST290 and ST374 followed by ST287 and ST34. The coexistence of strains assigned to the same STs in wild birds and in nonwildlife populations strongly indicated that many wild bird species could constitute a source of E. faecalis for infections in humans, pets, and farm animals.
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Timonin M, Poissant J, McLoughlin P, Hedlin C, Rubin J. A survey of the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from Sable Island horses. Can J Microbiol 2017; 63:246-251. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The feral horses of Sable Island are a geographically isolated population located ∼160 km off the east coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. Because these horses have no contact with domestic animals, have minimal contact with people, and have never received antimicrobials, they offer a unique opportunity to study the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in unmanaged populations. As part of an ongoing multidisciplinary and individual-based monitoring program, we collected feces from 508 geolocalized horses (92% of the total population) between July and September 2014. We selectively cultured Escherichia coli on MacConkey and CHROMagar ESBL media. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined, and organisms resistant to β-lactam antimicrobials were screened for β-lactamase genes by PCR. Escherichia coli was recovered from 146 (28.7%) individuals, and the majority of isolates (97%) were susceptible to all drugs tested. Resistance to tetracycline was most common, including organisms isolated from 4 (2.7%) of the colonized horses. A single isolate resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and ceftiofur was identified, which possessed the CTX-M-1 gene. Our findings demonstrate that although antimicrobial resistance is not common in this remote population, clinically relevant resistance genes are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.E. Timonin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - J. Poissant
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - P.D. McLoughlin
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - C.E. Hedlin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - J.E. Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
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Bachiri T, Bakour S, Ladjouzi R, Thongpan L, Rolain JM, Touati A. High rates of CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in wild boars and Barbary macaques in Algeria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 8:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Blanco-Peña K, Esperón F, Torres-Mejía AM, de la Torre A, de la Cruz E, Jiménez-Soto M. Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Pigeons from Public Parks in Costa Rica. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 64:e23-e30. [PMID: 28233464 PMCID: PMC5655739 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is known to be an emerging problem, but the extent of the issue remains incomplete. The aim of this study was to determine the presence or absence of nine resistance genes (blaTEM , catI, mecA, qnrS, sulI, sulII, tet(A), tet(Q), vanA) in the faeces of 141 pigeons from four urban parks in Alajuela, Guadalupe, Tres Ríos and San José in Costa Rica. The genes were identified by real-time PCR directly from enema samples. About 30% of the samples were positive for genes catI and sulI; between 13% and 17% were positive for qnrS, sulII, tet(A) and tet(Q); and 4% were positive for blaTEM . The mecA and vanA genes were not detected. The average of antimicrobial resistance genes detected per pigeon was 2. Eight different patterns of resistance were identified, without differences in the sampling areas, being the most common pattern 2 (sulII positive samples). During rainy season, the genes more frequently found were sulI and tet(A). In conclusion, the urban inhabiting pigeons tested are currently carrying antimicrobial resistance genes, potentially acting as reservoirs of resistant bacteria and vectors to humans. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study carried out on direct detection of resistance genes in the digestive metagenomes of pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Blanco-Peña
- Posgrado Regional en Ciencias Veterinarias (PCVET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - F Esperón
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | - A M Torres-Mejía
- Posgrado Regional en Ciencias Veterinarias (PCVET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - A de la Torre
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain
| | - E de la Cruz
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - M Jiménez-Soto
- Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
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Marinho CM, Santos T, Gonçalves A, Poeta P, Igrejas G. A Decade-Long Commitment to Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Portugal. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1650. [PMID: 27843438 PMCID: PMC5086874 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide problem with serious health and economic repercussions. Since the 1940s, underuse, overuse, and misuse of antibiotics have had a significant environmental downside. Large amounts of antibiotics not fully metabolized after use in human and veterinary medicine, and other applications, are annually released into the environment. The result has been the development and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to many years of selective pressure. Surveillance of AMR provides important information that helps in monitoring and understanding how resistance mechanisms develop and disseminate within different environments. Surveillance data is needed to inform clinical therapy decisions, to guide policy proposals, and to assess the impact of action plans to fight AMR. The Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, based at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro in Vila Real, Portugal, has recently completed 10 years of research surveying AMR in bacteria, mainly commensal indicator bacteria such as enterococci and Escherichia coli from the microbiota of different animals. Samples from more than 75 different sources have been accessed, from humans to food-producing animals, pets, and wild animals. The typical microbiological workflow involved phenotypic studies followed by molecular approaches. Throughout the decade, 4,017 samples were collected and over 5,000 bacterial isolates obtained. High levels of AMR to several antimicrobial classes have been reported, including to β-lactams, glycopeptides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulphonamides, and quinolones. Multi-resistant strains, some relevant to human and veterinary medicine like extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, have been repeatedly isolated even in non-synanthropic animal species. Of particular relevance are reports of AMR bacteria in wildlife from natural reserves and endangered species. Future work awaits as this threatening yet unsolved problem persists. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTSummary diagram of the antimicrobial resistance surveillance work developed by the UTAD Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M. Marinho
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
| | - Tiago Santos
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Gonçalves
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of LisbonLisbon, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroVila Real, Portugal
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova of LisbonLisbon, Portugal
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Novais C, Tedim AP, Lanza VF, Freitas AR, Silveira E, Escada R, Roberts AP, Al-Haroni M, Baquero F, Peixe L, Coque TM. Co-diversification of Enterococcus faecium Core Genomes and PBP5: Evidences of pbp5 Horizontal Transfer. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1581. [PMID: 27766095 PMCID: PMC5053079 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ampicillin resistance has greatly contributed to the recent dramatic increase of a cluster of human adapted Enterococcus faecium lineages (ST17, ST18, and ST78) in hospital-based infections. Changes in the chromosomal pbp5 gene have been associated with different levels of ampicillin susceptibility, leading to protein variants (designated as PBP5 C-types to keep the nomenclature used in previous works) with diverse degrees of reduction in penicillin affinity. Our goal was to use a comparative genomics approach to evaluate the relationship between the diversity of PBP5 among E. faecium isolates of different phylogenomic groups as well as to assess the pbp5 transferability among isolates of disparate clonal lineages. The analyses of 78 selected E. faecium strains as well as published E. faecium genomes, suggested that the diversity of pbp5 mirrors the phylogenomic diversification of E. faecium. The presence of identical PBP5 C-types as well as similar pbp5 genetic environments in different E. faecium lineages and clones from quite different geographical and environmental origin was also documented and would indicate their horizontal gene transfer among E. faecium populations. This was supported by experimental assays showing transfer of large (≈180–280 kb) chromosomal genetic platforms containing pbp5 alleles, ponA (transglycosilase) and other metabolic and adaptive features, from E. faecium donor isolates to suitable E. faecium recipient strains. Mutation profile analysis of PBP5 from available genomes and strains from this study suggests that the spread of PBP5 C-types might have occurred even in the absence of a significant ampicillin resistance phenotype. In summary, genetic platforms containing pbp5 sequences were stably maintained in particular E. faecium lineages, but were also able to be transferred among E. faecium clones of different origins, emphasizing the growing risk of further spread of ampicillin resistance in this nosocomial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Novais
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Tedim
- Servicio de Microbiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación SanitariaMadrid, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud PúblicaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Val F Lanza
- Servicio de Microbiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación SanitariaMadrid, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud PúblicaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Ana R Freitas
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal; Servicio de Microbiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación SanitariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Eduarda Silveira
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Escada
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando PessoaPorto, Portugal
| | - Adam P Roberts
- Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London London, UK
| | - Mohammed Al-Haroni
- Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London London, UK
| | - Fernando Baquero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación SanitariaMadrid, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud PúblicaBarcelona, Spain; Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana (RYC-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa M Coque
- Servicio de Microbiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación SanitariaMadrid, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud PúblicaBarcelona, Spain; Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana (RYC-CSIC)Madrid, Spain
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Medeiros AW, Blaese Amorim D, Tavares M, de Moura TM, Franco AC, d'Azevedo PA, Frazzon J, Frazzon APG. Enterococcus species diversity in fecal samples of wild marine species as determined by real-time PCR. Can J Microbiol 2016; 63:129-136. [PMID: 27991828 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Analyses using culture-independent molecular techniques have improved our understanding of microbial composition. The aim of this work was to identify and quantify enterococci in fecal samples of wild marine species using real-time quantitative PCR. Seven Enterococcus species were examined in fecal DNA of South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis), Subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis), green turtles (Chelonia mydas), Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus), snowy-crowned tern (Sterna trudeaui), white-backed stilt (Himantopus melanurus), white-chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis), red knot (Calidris canutus), and black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris). All Enterococcus species evaluated were detected in all fecal samples of wild marine species, with a concentration ranging between 106 and 1012 copies/ng of total DNA. Differences in the enterococci distribution were observed. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus mundtii were most abundant in marine mammals. Enterococcus faecalis was frequent in green turtle, Magellanic penguin, snowy-crowned tern, red knot, and black-browed albatross. Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus gallinarum showed elevated occurrence in white-backed stilt, and Enterococcus faecium in white-chinned petrel. This study showed highest diversity of enterococci in feces of wild marine species than currently available data, and reinforced the use of culture-independent analysis to help us to enhance our understanding of enterococci in gastrointestinal tracts of wild marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Weber Medeiros
- a Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Derek Blaese Amorim
- b Center for Coastal Studies, Limnology and Marine, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Tramandaí, 976, CEP 95625-000, Imbé, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Tavares
- b Center for Coastal Studies, Limnology and Marine, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Tramandaí, 976, CEP 95625-000, Imbé, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiane Martin de Moura
- c Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, 1 - Centro, CEP 96010-610, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Franco
- a Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves d'Azevedo
- d Gram-positive Coccus Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Sarmento Leite, 245, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jeverson Frazzon
- e Food Science Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500 - Campus do Vale - Prédio 443.212, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon
- a Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite, 500, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Guerrero-Ramos E, Molina-González D, Blanco-Morán S, Igrejas G, Poeta P, Alonso-Calleja C, Capita R. Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genotypic Characterization of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Meat Preparations. J Food Prot 2016; 79:748-56. [PMID: 27296421 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A total of 160 samples of poultry (80), pork (40), and beef (40) preparations (red sausages, white sausages, hamburgers, meatballs, nuggets, minced meat, escalope, and crepes) were tested in northwestern Spain to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). VRE were detected in 38 (23.8%) samples (37.5% of poultry, 15.0% of pork, and 5.0% of beef samples). One strain per food sample was further characterized. Isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium (14 strains), E. durans (10), E. hirae (7), E. gallinarum (5), and E. casseliflavus-E. flavescens (2). All strains showed resistance or intermediate susceptibility to three or more antimicrobials of clinical significance, in addition to vancomycin. High rates of resistance or intermediate susceptibility were observed for teicoplanin (81.6% of isolates), chloramphenicol (81.6%), erythromycin (100%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (89.5%), and ciprofloxacin (81.6%). A moderate rate of resistance or intermediate susceptibility emerged for ampicillin (34.2%) and tetracycline (36.8%). Genes encoding antimicrobial resistance and virulence were studied by PCR. The vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 genes were identified in 27, 1, 5, and 2 isolates, respectively. Other resistance genes or transposon sequences found were tet(L), tet(M), Tn5397 (tetracycline), erm(A), erm(B) (erythromycin), vat(D), and vat(E) (quinupristin-dalfopristin). Most isolates were free of virulence determinants (agg, hyl, and efaAfm genes were detected in one, one, and five strains, respectively). Strains were classified as not biofilm producers (crystal violet assay; 4 isolates) or weak biofilm producers (34 isolates). Cluster analysis (EcoRI ribotyping) suggested a strong genetic relationship among isolates from different types of meat preparations, animal species, and retail outlets. Meat preparations might play a role in the spread through the food chain of VRE with several resistance and virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Guerrero-Ramos
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Léon, E-24071 Léon, Spain; Ministry of Health, Regional Government of Castilla y Léon, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Blanco-Morán
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Léon, E-24071 Léon, Spain
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; BIOSCOPE Group, REQUIMTE-CQFB Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Léon, E-24071 Léon, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Léon, E-24007 Léon, Spain
| | - Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Léon, E-24071 Léon, Spain; Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Léon, E-24007 Léon, Spain.
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38
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Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in enterococci from wild game meat in Spain. Food Microbiol 2016; 53:156-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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39
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Lozano C, González-Barrio D, García JT, Ceballos S, Olea PP, Ruiz-Fons F, Torres C. Detection of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis ST6-vanB2 and E. faecium ST915-vanA in faecal samples of wild Rattus rattus in Spain. Vet Microbiol 2015; 177:168-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Prevalence, diversity and characterization of enterococci from three coraciiform birds. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:1281-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Santos T, Capelo JL, Santos HM, Oliveira I, Marinho C, Gonçalves A, Araújo JE, Poeta P, Igrejas G. Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry fingerprinting to characterize Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli isolates. J Proteomics 2015; 127:321-31. [PMID: 25753124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a faster and more accurate method to identify intact bacteria than conventional microbiology and/or molecular biology methods. The MALDI-TOF MS method is potentially applicable in diagnostic laboratories to characterize commensal bacterial species, some of which are major pathogens, from human or animal gastrointestinal tracts. The aim of this study was to analyze at the cluster and statistical level the capacity of MALDI-TOF MS to distinguish between previously characterized enterococci and Escherichia coli isolated from wild birds of the Azores archipelago. Soluble proteins were extracted from intact cell cultures of 60 isolates of Enterococcus spp. and 60 isolates of E. coli by an expedient method. MALDI-TOF MS was used to obtain 1200 mass spectra that were statistically analyzed and compared. A total of 215 distinct mass-to-charge (m/z) peaks were obtained, including a peak at m/z 4428±3, which is exclusively found in spectra from Enterococcus isolates, and peaks at m/z 5379±3 and m/z 6253±3, which are only detected in spectra from E. coli isolates. By processing mass spectra and analyzing them statistically with MassUp software, including principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering, it was possible to correctly distinguish between isolates of Enterococcus and Escherichia genera. The results of the proteomic analysis confirm that these tools could be used to characterize whole bacterial cells. In the future, with an optimized protocol for obtaining plasmid-associated proteins and the further development of bioinformatics methods, it is likely that mass peak characteristic of antimicrobial resistance will be detected, increasing the potential usefulness of MALDI-TOF in routine clinical assays. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the importance of MALDI-TOF MS in the rapid and reliable identification of bacteria by whole-cell analysis. The mass spectrometry approach performed in this study further contributes for the microbial biomarker discovery culminating in a preferable bacteria identification and antimicrobial resistance tool for the future of clinical microbiology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: HUPO 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Santos
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Luis Capelo
- Bioscope Group, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugo M Santos
- Bioscope Group, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Irene Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Catarina Marinho
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Gonçalves
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Araújo
- Bioscope Group, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Centre of Studies of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
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42
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Araújo C, Muñoz-Atienza E, Hernández PE, Herranz C, Cintas LM, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Evaluation of Enterococcus spp. from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), feed, and rearing environment against fish pathogens. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:311-22. [PMID: 25671551 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lactic acid bacteria of aquatic origin as probiotics constitutes an alternative strategy to the antibiotic treatment for disease control in aquaculture. Enterococci are currently used as probiotics in human and animal health. In this study, we evaluated the safety of 64 enterococci isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), feed and rearing environment, and their antimicrobial activity against 9 fish pathogens. The 64 enterococcal isolates were identified to the species level by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using specific primers for the different enterococcal species, and confirmed by superoxide dismutase gene sequencing. Enterococcus faecium and E. hirae were the most common species (42.2 and 35.9%, respectively). A total of 48 isolates (75%) showed phenotypic resistance to at least 1 antibiotic determined by a disk-diffusion method, and 25 isolates (39.1%) harbored at least 1 antibiotic resistance gene [erm(B), tet(M), tet(S), tet(K), tet(L), tet(T), vanC2, and aad(E)], detected by PCR. One (1.6%) isolate produced gelatinase and none produced hemolysin, using a plate assay. The virulence genes gelE (46.9%), efaAfs (17.2%), agg (1.6%), and hyl (1.6%) were detected by PCR. A total of 48 isolates (75%) exerted antimicrobial activity against 1 or more of the tested fish pathogens, using a stab-on-agar test. From these isolates, 21 (43.8%) harbored at least 1 bacteriocin-encoding gene (entP, entL50A and entL50B, hirJM79, entSE-K4, entQ and entA), detected by PCR. None of the enterococci showed bile deconjugation and mucin degradation abilities. A total of 17 enterococcal isolates (26.6%) that did not harbor any antibiotic resistance or virulence factor were considered safe for application as probiotics, including 6 isolates (35.3%) that showed antimicrobial activity against at least 1 fish pathogen and harbored at least 1 bacteriocin-encoding gene. Rainbow trout, feed, and rearing environment constitute an appropriate source for the isolation of enterococci as potential probiotic for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Araújo
- 1 Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (Grupo SEGABALBP), Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid, Spain
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Diversity of species and antibiotic resistance among fecal enterococci from wild birds in Tunisia. Detection of vanA-containing Enterococcus faecium isolates. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-014-0884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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44
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Balasubramaniam A, Arthanari Eswaran M, Suresh P, Sukumar K. Detection of tetracycline resistance determinant tetA gene and antimicrobial resistance pattern in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from healthy layer chickens. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.635-638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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45
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Moura A, Araújo S, Alves MS, Henriques I, Pereira A, Correia ACM. The contribution of Escherichia coli from human and animal sources to the integron gene pool in coastal waters. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:419. [PMID: 25161650 PMCID: PMC4129628 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the contribution of animal- and human-derived fecal pollution sources in shaping integron prevalence and diversity in beach waters, 414 Escherichia coli strains were collected from beach waters (BW, n = 166), seagull feces (SF, n = 179), and wastewaters (WW, n = 69), on the World Biosphere Reserve of the Berlenga Island, Portugal. Statistical differences were found between the prevalence of integrons in BW (21%) and WW (10%), but not between BW and SF (19%). The majority of integrase-positive (intI+)-strains affiliated to commensal phylogroups B1 (37%), A0 (24%), and A1 (20%). Eighteen different gene cassette arrays were detected, most of them coding for resistances to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and quaternary ammonia compounds. Common arrays were found among strains from different sources. Multi-resistance to three or more different classes of antibiotics was observed in 89, 82, and 57% of intI+-strains from BW, SF and WW, respectively. Plasmids were detected in 79% of strains (60/76) revealing a high diversity of replicons in all sources, mostly belonging to IncF (Frep, FIA, and FIB subgroups), IncI1, IncN, IncY, and IncK incompatibility groups. In 20% (15/76) of strains, integrons were successfully mobilized through conjugation to E. coli CV601. Results obtained support the existence of a diverse integron pool in the E. coli strains from this coastal environment, associated with different resistance traits and plasmid incompatibility groups, mainly shaped by animal fecal pollution inputs. These findings underscore the role of wild life in dissemination of integrons and antibiotic resistance traits in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moura
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Araújo
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta S Alves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Henriques
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
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46
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Antibiotic resistance and virulence of faecal enterococci isolated from food-producing animals in Tunisia. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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47
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Radhouani H, Silva N, Poeta P, Torres C, Correia S, Igrejas G. Potential impact of antimicrobial resistance in wildlife, environment and human health. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:23. [PMID: 24550896 PMCID: PMC3913889 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity in antimicrobial resistance distribution and the factors that affect its evolution, dissemination, and persistence, it is important to highlight that antimicrobial resistance must be viewed as an ecological problem. Monitoring the resistance prevalence of indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli and enterococci in wild animals makes it possible to show that wildlife has the potential to serve as an environmental reservoir and melting pot of bacterial resistance. These researchers address the issue of antimicrobial-resistant microorganism proliferation in the environment and the related potential human health and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Radhouani
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal ; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal ; Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal ; Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Silva
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal ; Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carmen Torres
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Area, University of La Rioja Logroño, Spain
| | - Susana Correia
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal ; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal ; Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal ; Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal ; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real, Portugal
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