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Coutinho MCL, Teixeira VL, Santos CSG. A Review of “Polychaeta” Chemicals and their Possible Ecological Role. J Chem Ecol 2017; 44:72-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-017-0915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Pezner AK, Lim AR, Kang JJ, Armenta TC, Blumstein DT. Hiding behavior in Christmas tree worms on different time scales. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Schaum CE, Batty R, Last KS. Smelling danger - alarm cue responses in the polychaete Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor (Müller, 1776) to potential fish predation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77431. [PMID: 24155953 PMCID: PMC3796461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The harbour ragworm, Nereis (Hediste) diversicolor is a common intertidal marine polychaete that lives in burrows from which it has to partially emerge in order to forage. In doing so, it is exposed to a variety of predators. One way in which predation risk can be minimised is through chemical detection from within the relative safety of the burrows. Using CCTV and motion capture software, we show that H. diversicolor is able to detect chemical cues associated with the presence of juvenile flounder (Platichthys flesus). Number of emergences, emergence duration and distance from burrow entrance are all significantly reduced during exposure to flounder conditioned seawater and flounder mucous spiked seawater above a threshold with no evidence of behavioural habituation. Mucous from bottom-dwelling juvenile plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and pelagic adult herring (Clupea harengus) elicit similar responses, suggesting that the behavioural reactions are species independent. The data implies that H. diversicolor must have well developed chemosensory mechanisms for predator detection and is consequently able to effectively minimize risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Elisa Schaum
- Scottish Association of Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunstaffnage, Scotland
| | - Robert Batty
- Scottish Association of Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunstaffnage, Scotland
| | - Kim S. Last
- Scottish Association of Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunstaffnage, Scotland
- * E-mail:
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Kicklighter CE, Kamio M, Nguyen L, Germann MW, Derby CD. Mycosporine-like amino acids are multifunctional molecules in sea hares and their marine community. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:11494-9. [PMID: 21709250 PMCID: PMC3136258 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1103906108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecules of keystone significance are relatively rare, yet mediate a variety of interactions between organisms. They influence the distribution and abundance of species, the transfer of energy across multiple trophic levels, and thus they play significant roles in structuring ecosystems. Despite their potential importance in facilitating our understanding of ecological systems, only three molecules thus far have been proposed as molecules of keystone significance: saxitoxin and dimethyl sulfide in marine communities and tetrodotoxin in riparian communities. In the course of studying the neuroecology of chemical defenses, we identified three mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)--N-ethanol palythine (= asterina-330), N-isopropanol palythine (= aplysiapalythine A), and N-ethyl palythine (= aplysiapalythine B)--as intraspecific alarm cues for sea hares (Aplysia californica). These alarm cues are released in the ink secretion of sea hares and cause avoidance behaviors in neighboring conspecifics. Further, we show that these three bioactive MAAs, two [aplysiapalythine A (APA) and -B (APB)] being previously unknown molecules, are present in the algal diet of sea hares and are concentrated in their defensive secretion as well as in their skin. MAAs are known to be produced by algae, fungi, and cyanobacteria and are acquired by many aquatic animals through trophic interactions. MAAs are widely used as sunscreens, among other uses, but sea hares modify their function to serve a previously undocumented role, as intraspecific chemical cues. Our findings highlight the multifunctionality of MAAs and their role in ecological connectivity, suggesting that they may function as molecules of keystone significance in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia E. Kicklighter
- Neuroscience Institute
- Department of Biology, and
- Department of Biology, Goucher College, Baltimore, MD 21204; and
| | - Michiya Kamio
- Neuroscience Institute
- Department of Biology, and
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Neuroscience Institute
- Department of Biology, and
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Markus W. Germann
- Neuroscience Institute
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
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Ferrari MC, Wisenden BD, Chivers DP. Chemical ecology of predator–prey interactions in aquatic ecosystems: a review and prospectusThe present review is one in the special series of reviews on animal–plant interactions. CAN J ZOOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/z10-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 649] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between predator and prey is an evolutionary arms race, for which early detection by either party is often the key to success. In aquatic ecosystems, olfaction is an essential source of information for many prey and predators and a number of cues have been shown to play a key role in trait-mediated indirect interactions in aquatic communities. Here, we review the nature and role of predator kairomones, chemical alarm cues, disturbance cues, and diet cues on the behaviour, morphology, life history, and survival of aquatic prey, focusing primarily on the discoveries from the last decade. Many advances in the field have been accomplished: testing the survival value of those chemicals, providing field validation of laboratory results, understanding the extent to which chemically mediated learning may benefit the prey, understanding the role of these chemicals in mediating morphological and life-history adaptations, and most importantly, the selection pressures leading to the evolution of chemical alarm cues. Although considerable advances have been made, several key questions remain, the most urgent of which is to understand the chemistry behind these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud C.O. Ferrari
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Biosciences Department, Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1104 7th Avenue South, Moorhead, MN 56563, USA
| | - Brian D. Wisenden
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Biosciences Department, Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1104 7th Avenue South, Moorhead, MN 56563, USA
| | - Douglas P. Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Biosciences Department, Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1104 7th Avenue South, Moorhead, MN 56563, USA
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Verheggen FJ, Haubruge E, Mescher MC. Alarm pheromones-chemical signaling in response to danger. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2010; 83:215-39. [PMID: 20831948 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(10)83009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Many animals respond to the threat of predation by producing alarm signals that warn other individuals of the presence of danger or otherwise reduce the success of predators. While alarm signals may be visual or auditory as well as chemical, alarm pheromones are common, especially among insects and aquatic organisms. Plants too emit chemical signals in response to attack by insect herbivores that recruit the herbivores' natural enemies and can induce preparations for defense in neighboring plants (or other parts of the same plant). In this chapter, we discuss our current understanding of chemical alarm signaling in a variety of animal groups (including social and presocial insects, marine invertebrates, fish, and mammals) and in plants. We also briefly discuss the exploitation of alarm pheromones as foraging cues for natural enemies. We conclude with a brief discussion of the potential exploitation of alarm signaling to achieve the applied goal of managing pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- François J Verheggen
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Gembloux, Belgium
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Rosen E, Schwarz B, Palmer AR. Smelling the difference: hermit crab responses to predatory and nonpredatory crabs. Anim Behav 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Field observations of the alarm response to crushed conspecifics in the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata: effects of habitat, vegetation, and body size. J ETHOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-008-0103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kicklighter CE, Germann M, Kamio M, Derby CD. Molecular identification of alarm cues in the defensive secretions of the sea hare Aplysia californica. Anim Behav 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang Y, Cui J, Zhang R, Wang Y, Hong M. A novel fibrinolytic serine protease from the polychaete Nereis (Neanthes) virens (Sars): Purification and characterization. Biochimie 2007; 89:93-103. [PMID: 16950556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel fibrinolytic serine protease has been identified and purified to homogeneity from the coelomic fluid of polychaete Nereis (Neanthes) virens (Sars), and named N-V protease. N-V protease is a 29kDa single chain protein with an isoelectric point of pH 4.5. It hydrolyzes Aalpha-chain of fibrinogen with a high efficiency, and the Bbeta- and gamma-chains (Aalpha>Bbeta>gamma) with a lower efficiency. The proteolytic activity peaks at pH 7.8 is 45 degrees C. The activity is completely inhibited by serine protease inhibitors DFP (I(50)=5.8 x 10(-4)M) and PMSF (I(50)=5.5 x 10(-2)M), and almost completely by TLCK (I(50)=7.7 x 10(-1) M). But aprotinin, elastinal, SBTI, benzamidine, PCMB, EDTA, EGTA, iodoacetate, E64, and beta-mercaptoethanol have no effect on the protease activity. Therefore, N-V protease is identified as a serine protease. The primary amino acid sequence of N-V protease was determined by mass spectrometry (N-V protease, No. P83433). According to the MALDI-TOF MS analysis, there is no existing protein in the NCBI Non-redundant Protein Sequence Database that matches the N-V protease sequence. Therefore, N-V protease is a novel and special protein in N. virens. Furthermore, we have successfully established an expression cDNA library from the whole body of N. virens (data not shown).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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