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Microgeographical variation in birdsong: Savannah sparrows exhibit microdialects in an island population. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Zandberg L, Lachlan RF, Lamoni L, Garland EC. Global cultural evolutionary model of humpback whale song. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200242. [PMID: 34482732 PMCID: PMC8419575 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humpback whale song is an extraordinary example of vocal cultural behaviour. In northern populations, the complex songs show long-lasting traditions that slowly evolve, while in the South Pacific, periodic revolutions occur when songs are adopted from neighbouring populations and rapidly spread. In this species, vocal learning cannot be studied in the laboratory, learning is instead inferred from the songs' complexity and patterns of transmission. Here, we used individual-based cultural evolutionary simulations of the entire Southern and Northern Hemisphere humpback whale populations to formalize this process of inference. We modelled processes of song mutation and patterns of contact among populations and compared our model with patterns of song theme sharing measured in South Pacific populations. Low levels of mutation in combination with rare population interactions were sufficient to closely fit the pattern of diversity in the South Pacific, including the distinctive pattern of west-to-east revolutions. Interestingly, the same learning parameters that gave rise to revolutions in the Southern Hemisphere simulations gave rise to evolutionary patterns of cultural evolution in the Northern Hemisphere populations. Our study demonstrates how cultural evolutionary approaches can be used to make inferences about the learning processes underlying cultural transmission and how they might generate emergent population-level processes. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vocal learning in animals and humans’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Zandberg
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham TW0 0EX, UK
| | - Robert F Lachlan
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham TW0 0EX, UK
| | - Luca Lamoni
- Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, and Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Ellen C Garland
- Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, and Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
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Thomas IP, Doucet SM, Norris DR, Newman AE, Williams H, Mennill DJ. Vocal learning in Savannah sparrows: acoustic similarity to neighbours shapes song development and territorial aggression. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Akçay Ç, Campbell SE, Darling S, Beecher MD. Territory establishment, song learning strategies and survival in song sparrows. Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Çağlar Akçay
- Department of Psychology Koç University Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | | | - Saethra Darling
- Department of Psychology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Michael D. Beecher
- Department of Psychology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
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Osiejuk TS, Łosak K, Steifetten Ø, Dale S. Songbird presumed to be age‐limited learner may change repertoire size and composition throughout their life. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. S. Osiejuk
- Department of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Environmental Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - K. Łosak
- Department of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Environmental Biology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Ø. Steifetten
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Aas Norway
- Department of Environmental Sciences Telemark University College Bø Norway
| | - S. Dale
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Aas Norway
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Lachlan RF, Ratmann O, Nowicki S. Cultural conformity generates extremely stable traditions in bird song. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2417. [PMID: 29925831 PMCID: PMC6010409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultural traditions have been observed in a wide variety of animal species. It remains unclear, however, what is required for social learning to give rise to stable traditions: what level of precision and what learning strategies are required. We address these questions by fitting models of cultural evolution to learned bird song. We recorded 615 swamp sparrow (Melospiza georgiana) song repertoires, and compared syllable frequency distributions to the output of individual-based simulations. We find that syllables are learned with an estimated error rate of 1.85% and with a conformist bias in learning. This bias is consistent with a simple mechanism of overproduction and selective attrition. Finally, we estimate that syllable types could frequently persist for more than 500 years. Our results demonstrate conformist bias in natural animal behaviour and show that this, along with moderately precise learning, may support traditions whose stability rivals those of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Lachlan
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Oliver Ratmann
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Stephen Nowicki
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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DuBois AL, Nowicki S, Peters S, Rivera-Cáceres KD, Searcy WA. Song is not a reliable signal of general cognitive ability in a songbird. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Gersick AS, White DJ. Male cowbirds vary the attractiveness of courtship songs with changes in the social context. BEHAVIOUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Courtship-signalling theory often incorporates the assumption that males must consistently produce the highest-intensity displays they can achieve, thereby indicating their underlying quality to females. Contest-signalling theory, in contrast, assumes that flexible signal performance is routine. The two frameworks thereby suggest conflicting predictions about male flexibility when the same signal operates in both intrasexual and intersexual communication. Sexual competition often occurs within complex social environments where male displays can be received by potential mates, rivals, or both at once. In brown-headed cowbirds’ breeding flocks, for example, multiple males sometimes vie directly for a single female’s attention; at other times males have opportunities to sing to females without interference. We tested whether cowbirds vary the intensity of their signalling across contexts like these. We recorded songs from males courting females both with and without a male competitor in sight. We then played those recordings to solitary, naïve females in sound attenuation chambers, and also to a naïve aviary-housed flock. The songs males had produced when they could see their competitors were more attractive, eliciting more copulatory postures from naïve females and more approaches from birds in the flock. Results suggest high-intensity displays function within a larger, flexible signalling strategy in this species, and the varying audience composition that accompanies social complexity may demand flexible signalling even in classic display behaviours such as birdsong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Gersick
- aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-2016, USA
| | - David J. White
- bDepartment of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3C5
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Linossier J, Zsebők S, Baudry E, Aubin T, Courvoisier H. Acoustic but no genetic divergence in migratory and sedentary populations of blackcaps,Sylvia atricapilla. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Linossier
- Université Paris-Saclay; CNRS, Neuro-PSI, équipe communications acoustiques; Université Paris-Sud; UMR 9197 Orsay F-91405 France
| | - Sándor Zsebők
- Behavioural Ecology Group; Eötvös Loránd University; H-1117 Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c Budapest Hungary
| | - Emmanuelle Baudry
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution; UMR 8079 - Université Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech; F-91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Thierry Aubin
- Université Paris-Saclay; CNRS, Neuro-PSI, équipe communications acoustiques; Université Paris-Sud; UMR 9197 Orsay F-91405 France
| | - Hélène Courvoisier
- Université Paris-Saclay; CNRS, Neuro-PSI, équipe communications acoustiques; Université Paris-Sud; UMR 9197 Orsay F-91405 France
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Demko AD, Reitsma LR, Staicer CA. Repertoire structure, song sharing, reproductive success, and territory tenure in a population of Canada Warblers (Cardellina canadensis) in central New Hampshire. CAN J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection for larger repertoires and the social advantages of sharing songs with territorial neighbours are two forces that may drive the evolution of complex song repertoires in songbirds. To evaluate the influence of these two selective pressures on repertoire evolution in a species with a complex repertoire, we examined repertoire structure, song sharing, reproductive success, and territory tenure in a Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis (L., 1766)) population in New Hampshire. Over two breeding seasons, we recorded 63 singing males, classified their song repertoires, quantified male song sharing, and determined male reproductive success and territory tenure. Male Canada Warblers had complex repertoires averaging 12 phrases (particular sequences of song elements) and 55 variants (songs composed of particular sequences of phrases). Song sharing decreased significantly with distance between territories, all of which were <1.75 km apart. Network analysis revealed clusters of male neighbours with high variant sharing, which was significantly associated with longer territory tenure. Overall pairing and fledging success were high, but were not related to repertoire size or song sharing. Our results suggest that song sharing aids in male territory acquisition and defence, and that females may therefore select mates based on their ability to retain a high-quality territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana D. Demko
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Leonard R. Reitsma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plymouth State University, Plymouth, NH 03264, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Staicer
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Soha JA, Peters S. Vocal Learning in Songbirds and Humans: A Retrospective in Honor of Peter Marler. Ethology 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Filatova OA, Miller PJO. An agent-based model of dialect evolution in killer whales. J Theor Biol 2015; 373:82-91. [PMID: 25817037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The killer whale is one of the few animal species with vocal dialects that arise from socially learned group-specific call repertoires. We describe a new agent-based model of killer whale populations and test a set of vocal-learning rules to assess which mechanisms may lead to the formation of dialect groupings observed in the wild. We tested a null model with genetic transmission and no learning, and ten models with learning rules that differ by template source (mother or matriline), variation type (random errors or innovations) and type of call change (no divergence from kin vs. divergence from kin). The null model without vocal learning did not produce the pattern of group-specific call repertoires we observe in nature. Learning from either mother alone or the entire matriline with calls changing by random errors produced a graded distribution of the call phenotype, without the discrete call types observed in nature. Introducing occasional innovation or random error proportional to matriline variance yielded more or less discrete and stable call types. A tendency to diverge from the calls of related matrilines provided fast divergence of loose call clusters. A pattern resembling the dialect diversity observed in the wild arose only when rules were applied in combinations and similar outputs could arise from different learning rules and their combinations. Our results emphasize the lack of information on quantitative features of wild killer whale dialects and reveal a set of testable questions that can draw insights into the cultural evolution of killer whale dialects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Filatova
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY168LB, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Patrick J O Miller
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY168LB, Scotland, United Kingdom
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King SL, Harley HE, Janik VM. The role of signature whistle matching in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Akçay Ç, Campbell SE, Reed VA, Beecher MD. Song sparrows do not learn more songs from aggressive tutors. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
In animal communication research, vocal labeling refers to incidents in which an animal consistently uses a specific acoustic signal when presented with a specific object or class of objects. Labeling with learned signals is a foundation of human language but is notably rare in nonhuman communication systems. In natural animal systems, labeling often occurs with signals that are not influenced by learning, such as in alarm and food calling. There is a suggestion, however, that some species use learned signals to label conspecific individuals in their own communication system when mimicking individually distinctive calls. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are a promising animal for exploration in this area because they are capable of vocal production learning and can learn to use arbitrary signals to report the presence or absence of objects. Bottlenose dolphins develop their own unique identity signal, the signature whistle. This whistle encodes individual identity independently of voice features. The copying of signature whistles may therefore allow animals to label or address one another. Here, we show that wild bottlenose dolphins respond to hearing a copy of their own signature whistle by calling back. Animals did not respond to whistles that were not their own signature. This study provides compelling evidence that a dolphin's learned identity signal is used as a label when addressing conspecifics. Bottlenose dolphins therefore appear to be unique as nonhuman mammals to use learned signals as individually specific labels for different social companions in their own natural communication system.
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Janik VM, Sayigh LS. Communication in bottlenose dolphins: 50 years of signature whistle research. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2013; 199:479-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-013-0817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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O’Loghlen AL, Rothstein SI. Delayed vocal ontogeny in songbirds: a laboratory study validates a model for delayed development derived from field studies. J ETHOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-012-0334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Templeton CN, Campbell SE, Beecher MD. Territorial song sparrows tolerate juveniles during the early song-learning phase. Behav Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ars056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Camacho-Schlenker S, Courvoisier H, Aubin T. Song sharing and singing strategies in the winter wren Troglodytes troglodytes. Behav Processes 2011; 87:260-7. [PMID: 21645592 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The winter wren is a common forest bird living in groups of few adjacent neighbours during the breeding season. Inside each group, males vocally interact in the context of both territorial holding and sexual competition, forming a complex communication network. To study this network, we first analysed song type and syllable repertoires within and between distinct groups. We found a limited number of song types highly stereotyped in length, syntax and syllable composition, frequently shared among neighbours. Between groups, song type and syllable repertoires sharing decreased with increasing distance at a higher rate for song types than for syllables. Then, with continuous recordings, we focused on the dynamics of acoustic interactions between neighbours. We showed that male winter wrens can differentially use their song type repertoire (non-matching strategy), overlap their neighbours and modulate their singing rhythm producing longer inter-song intervals with no change in song length during acoustic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Camacho-Schlenker
- Centre de Neurosciences de Paris Sud - CNRS UMR 8195, Université Paris Sud, Bat. 446, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Vocal dialect and genetic subdivisions along a geographic gradient in the orange-tufted sunbird. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-011-1149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Seyfarth RM, Cheney DL. Production, usage, and comprehension in animal vocalizations. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2010; 115:92-100. [PMID: 19944456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we place equal emphasis on production, usage, and comprehension because these components of communication may exhibit different developmental trajectories and be affected by different neural mechanisms. In the animal kingdom generally, learned, flexible vocal production is rare, appearing in only a few orders of birds and few species of mammals. Compared with humans, the majority of species produce a limited repertoire of calls that show little modification during development. Call usage is also highly constrained. Unlike humans, most animals use specific call types only in a limited range of contexts. In marked contrast to production and usage, animals' comprehension of vocalizations, as measured by their responses, are highly flexible, modifiable as a result of experience, and show the most parallels with human language. The differences among vocal production, usage, and comprehension create an oddly asymmetric system of communication in which a small repertoire of relatively fixed calls, each linked to a particular context, can nonetheless give rise to an open-ended, highly modifiable, and cognitively rich set of meanings. Recent studies of baboons and eavesdropping songbirds provide two examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Seyfarth
- Department of Psychology and Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA.
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Sprau P, Mundry R. Song type sharing in common nightingales, Luscinia megarhynchos, and its implications for cultural evolution. Anim Behav 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nulty B, Burt JM, Akçay Ç, Templeton CN, Elizabeth Campbell S, Beecher MD. Song Learning in Song Sparrows: Relative Importance of Autumn vs. Spring Tutoring. Ethology 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kiefer S, Sommer C, Scharff C, Kipper S. Singing the Popular Songs? Nightingales Share More Song Types with Their Breeding Population in Their Second Season than in Their First. Ethology 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nelson DA, Poesel A. Does learning produce song conformity or novelty in white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys? Anim Behav 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Chapter 5 Vocal Performance and Sensorimotor Learning in Songbirds. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3454(09)40005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Plamondon SL, Goller F, Rose GJ. Tutor model syntax influences the syntactical and phonological structure of crystallized songs of white-crowned sparrows. Anim Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Miller JL, King AP, West MJ. Female social networks influence male vocal development in brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater. Anim Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Use of trace element analysis of feathers as a tool to track fine-scale dispersal in birds. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-008-0644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Beecher MD. Chapter 4 Function and Mechanisms of Song Learning in Song Sparrows*. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3454(08)00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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