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Derebe B, Ashagrie M. Population status of the Hamadryas baboon in and around Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP), Ethiopia. BIODIVERSITY 2023; 24:14-23. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2194865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Binega Derebe
- Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Agriculture, Food and Climate Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Mezgebu Ashagrie
- Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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2
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Crouse KN, Desai NP, Cassidy KA, Stahler EE, Lehman CL, Wilson ML. Larger territories reduce mortality risk for chimpanzees, wolves, and agents: Multiple lines of evidence in a model validation framework. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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The Relationship Between GPS Sampling Interval and Estimated Daily Travel Distances in Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus). INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractModern studies of animal movement use the Global Positioning System (GPS) to estimate animals’ distance traveled. The temporal resolution of GPS fixes recorded should match those of the behavior of interest; otherwise estimates are likely to be inappropriate. Here, we investigate how different GPS sampling intervals affect estimated daily travel distances for wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). By subsampling GPS data collected at one fix per second for 143 daily travel distances (12 baboons over 11–12 days), we found that less frequent GPS fixes result in smaller estimated travel distances. Moving from a GPS frequency of one fix every second to one fix every 30 s resulted in a 33% reduction in estimated daily travel distance, while using hourly GPS fixes resulted in a 66% reduction. We then use the relationship we find between estimated travel distance and GPS sampling interval to recalculate published baboon daily travel distances and find that accounting for the predicted effect of sampling interval does not affect conclusions of previous comparative analyses. However, if short-interval or continuous GPS data—which are becoming more common in studies of primate movement ecology—are compared with historical (longer interval) GPS data in future work, controlling for sampling interval is necessary.
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4
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Abreu F, Garber PA, Souto A, Presotto A, Schiel N. Navigating in a challenging semiarid environment: the use of a route-based mental map by a small-bodied neotropical primate. Anim Cogn 2021; 24:629-643. [PMID: 33394185 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-020-01465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To increase efficiency in the search for resources, many animals rely on their spatial abilities. Specifically, primates have been reported to use mostly topological and rarely Euclidean maps when navigating in large-scale space. Here, we aimed to investigate if the navigation of wild common marmosets inhabiting a semiarid environment is consistent with a topological representation and how environmental factors affect navigation. We collected 497 h of direct behavioral and GPS information on a group of marmosets using a 2-min instantaneous focal animal sampling technique. We found that our study group reused not only long-route segments (mean of 1007 m) but entire daily routes, a pattern that is not commonly seen in primates. The most frequently reused route segments were the ones closer to feeding sites, distant to resting sites, and in areas sparse in tree vegetation. We also identified a total of 56 clustered direction change points indicating that the group modified their direction of travel. These changes in direction were influenced by their close proximity to resting and feeding sites. Despite our small sample size, the obtained results are important and consistent with the contention that common marmosets navigate using a topological map that seems to benefit these animals in response to the exploitation of clustered exudate trees. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that the Caatinga landscape imposes physical restrictions in our group's navigation such as gaps in vegetation, small trees and xerophytic plants. This study, based on preliminary evidence, raises the question of whether navigation patterns are an intrinsic characteristic of a species or are ecologically dependent and change according to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Abreu
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Antonio Souto
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Andrea Presotto
- Department of Geography and Geosciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, USA
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
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5
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Isbell LA, Bidner LR, Omondi G, Mutinda M, Matsumoto-Oda A. Capture, immobilization, and Global Positioning System collaring of olive baboons (Papio anubis) and vervets (Chlorocebus pygerythrus): Lessons learned and suggested best practices. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e22997. [PMID: 31180153 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As the value of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology in addressing primatological questions becomes more obvious, more studies will include capturing and collaring primates, with concomitant increased risk of adverse consequences to primate subjects. Here we detail our experiences in capturing, immobilizing, and placing GPS collars on six olive baboons (Papio anubis) in four groups and 12 vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) in five groups in Kenya. We captured baboons with cage traps and vervets with box traps, immobilized them, and attached GPS collars that were to be worn for 1 year. Adverse consequences from the trapping effort included incidental death of two nonsubjects (an adult female and her dependent infant), temporary rectal prolapse in one baboon, superficial wounds on the crown of the head in two vervets, and failure to recapture/remove collars from two baboons and two vervets. Obvious negative effects from wearing collars were limited to abrasions around the neck of one vervet. A possible, and if so, serious, adverse effect was greater mortality for collared adult female vervets compared with known uncollared adult female vervets, largely due to leopard (Panthera pardus) predation. Collared animals could be more vulnerable to predation because trapping favors bolder individuals, who may also be more vulnerable to predation, or because collars could slow them down or make them more noticeable to predators. Along with recommendations made by others, we suggest that future studies diversify trapping bait to minimize the risk of rectal prolapse, avoid capturing the first individuals to enter traps, test the movement speeds of collared versus noncollared animals, include a release system on the collars to avoid retrapping failure, and publish both positive and negative effects of capturing, immobilizing, and collaring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne A Isbell
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya.,Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Laura R Bidner
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.,Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - George Omondi
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Falcon Heights, Minnesota.,Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Mutinda
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya.,Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Akiko Matsumoto-Oda
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya.,Graduate School of Tourism Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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6
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Murakami H, Feliciani C, Nishinari K. Lévy walk process in self-organization of pedestrian crowds. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20180939. [PMID: 30966950 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to other animal groups, human crowds exhibit various collective patterns that emerge from self-organization. Recent studies have emphasized that individuals anticipate their neighbours' motions to seek their paths in dynamical pedestrian flow. This path-seeking behaviour results in deviation of pedestrians from their desired directions (i.e. the direct path to their destination). However, the strategies that individuals adopt for the behaviour and how the deviation of individual movements impact the emergent organization are poorly understood. We here show that the path-seeking behaviour is performed through a scale-free movement strategy called a Lévy walk, which might facilitate transition to the group-level behaviour. In an experiment of lane formation, a striking example of self-organized patterning in human crowds, we observed how flows of oppositely moving pedestrians spontaneously separate into several unidirectional lanes. We found that before (but not after) lane formation, pedestrians deviate from the desired direction by Lévy walk process, which is considered optimal when searching unpredictably distributed resources. Pedestrians balance a trade-off between seeking their direct paths and reaching their goals as quickly as possible; they may achieve their optimal paths through Lévy walk process, facilitating the emergent lane formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Murakami
- 1 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo , Meguro-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Claudio Feliciani
- 1 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo , Meguro-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Nishinari
- 1 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo , Meguro-ku, Tokyo , Japan.,2 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
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7
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González-Pech PG, Marín-Tun CG, Valladares-González DA, Ventura-Cordero J, Ortiz-Ocampo GI, Cámara-Sarmiento R, Sandoval-Castro CA, Torres-Acosta JFJ. A protocol of human animal interaction to habituate young sheep and goats for behavioural studies. Behav Processes 2018; 157:632-637. [PMID: 29656095 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Animal habituation is key to obtain reliable data on behavioural studies but detailed procedures to achieve it are scarce. This study designed a set of actions to habituate sheep and goats to human observers. Pelibuey sheep (n = 15) and Criollo goats (n = 10) were classified as (a) avoider, flight from human interaction, or (b) follower, seek human interaction. Habituation was measured by the reduction of flight distance by avoiders, or number of followers in the presence of observers. The habituation protocol consisted of a gradually increased series of five manoeuvres, either challenge (for avoiders) or evasion (for seekers), performed first inside a pen and subsequently in a grass paddock. Habituation was considered successful when animals could be observed from a 1-m distance without flight or following the observer. In the pen, habituation took 12 and 13 days for sheep and goats, respectively. Meanwhile, in the grass paddock habituation took 10 days, for both species. The number of challenge and evasion series was negatively correlated with the flight distance in sheep and with the number of followers in goats. This protocol is simple and practical to implement and enables animal habituation for behavioural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G González-Pech
- FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, P.O. 97100 Apdo, 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, Mèxico; Centro Multidisciplinario de Educación, Ciencia y Cultura, Calle 35c No 43, P.O. 97215 Fraccionamiento Colonial Buenavista, Mérida, México
| | - C G Marín-Tun
- FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, P.O. 97100 Apdo, 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, Mèxico
| | - D A Valladares-González
- FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, P.O. 97100 Apdo, 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, Mèxico
| | - J Ventura-Cordero
- FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, P.O. 97100 Apdo, 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, Mèxico; Centro Multidisciplinario de Educación, Ciencia y Cultura, Calle 35c No 43, P.O. 97215 Fraccionamiento Colonial Buenavista, Mérida, México.
| | - G I Ortiz-Ocampo
- FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, P.O. 97100 Apdo, 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, Mèxico
| | - R Cámara-Sarmiento
- FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, P.O. 97100 Apdo, 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, Mèxico
| | - C A Sandoval-Castro
- FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, P.O. 97100 Apdo, 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, Mèxico
| | - J F J Torres-Acosta
- FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, P.O. 97100 Apdo, 4-116 Itzimná, Mérida, Mèxico
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Reyna-Hurtado R, Teichroeb JA, Bonnell TR, Hernández-Sarabia RU, Vickers SM, Serio-Silva JC, Sicotte P, Chapman CA. Primates adjust movement strategies due to changing food availability. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Reyna-Hurtado
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, ECOSUR, Avenida Rancho s/n, Lerma, Campeche, México
| | - Julie A Teichroeb
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler R Bonnell
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raul Uriel Hernández-Sarabia
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo, Industrial de las ánimas, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sofia M Vickers
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Serio-Silva
- Instituto de Ecología, INECOL, A.C.El Haya, Camino Antiguo a Coatepec, Emiliano Zapata, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Pascale Sicotte
- Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Colin A Chapman
- Department of Anthropology, McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, USA
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY, USA
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
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9
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Mantled howler monkey spatial foraging decisions reflect spatial and temporal knowledge of resource distributions. Anim Cogn 2015; 19:387-403. [PMID: 26597923 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-015-0941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An animal's ability to find and relocate food items is directly related to its survival and reproductive success. This study evaluates how mantled howler monkeys make spatial foraging decisions in the wild. Specifically, discrete choice models and agent-based simulations are used to test whether mantled howler monkeys on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, integrate spatial information in order to maximize new leaf flush and fruit gain while minimizing distance traveled. Several heuristic models of decision making are also tested as possible alternative strategies (movement to core home range areas instead of individual trees, travel along a sensory gradient, movement along arboreal pathway networks without a predetermined destination, straight-line travel in a randomly chosen direction, and random walks). Results indicate that although leaves are the single most abundant item in the mantled howler monkey diet, long-distance travel bouts target the areas with the highest concentrations of mature fruits. Observed travel patterns yielded larger estimated quantities of fruit in shorter distances traveled than all alternative foraging strategies. Thus, this study both provides novel information regarding how primates select travel paths and suggests that a highly folivorous primate integrates knowledge of spatiotemporal resource distributions in highly efficient foraging strategies.
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Johnson C, Piel AK, Forman D, Stewart FA, King AJ. The ecological determinants of baboon troop movements at local and continental scales. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2015; 3:14. [PMID: 26137307 PMCID: PMC4487562 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-015-0040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How an animal moves through its environment directly impacts its survival, reproduction, and thus biological fitness. A basic measure describing how an individual (or group) travels through its environment is Day Path Length (DPL), i.e., the distance travelled in a 24-hour period. Here, we investigate the ecological determinants of baboon (Papio spp.) troop DPL and movements at local and continental scales. RESULTS At the continental scale we explore the ecological determinants of annual mean DPL for 47 baboon troops across 23 different populations, updating a classic study by Dunbar (Behav Ecol Sociobiol 31: 35-49, 1992). We find that variation in baboon DPLs is predicted by ecological dissimilarity across the genus range. Troops that experience higher average monthly rainfall and anthropogenic influences have significantly shorter DPL, whilst troops that live in areas with higher average annual temperatures have significantly longer DPL. We then explore DPLs and movement characteristics (the speed and distribution of turning angles) for yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) at a local scale, in the Issa Valley of western Tanzania. We show that our continental-scale model is a good predictor of DPL in Issa baboons, and that troops move significantly slower, and over shorter distances, on warmer days. We do not find any effect of season or the abundance of fruit resources on the movement characteristics or DPL of Issa baboons, but find that baboons moved less during periods of high fruit availability. CONCLUSION Overall, this study emphasises the ability of baboons to adapt their ranging behaviour to a range of ecological conditions and highlights how investigations of movement patterns at different spatial scales can provide a more thorough understanding of the ecological determinants of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspian Johnson
- />Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Alex K Piel
- />Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Forman
- />Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Fiona A Stewart
- />Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J King
- />Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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11
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Murakami H, Niizato T, Tomaru T, Nishiyama Y, Gunji YP. Inherent noise appears as a Lévy walk in fish schools. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10605. [PMID: 26039595 PMCID: PMC4454141 DOI: 10.1038/srep10605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental and observational data have revealed that the internal structures of collective animal groups are not fixed in time. Rather, individuals can produce noise continuously within their group. These individuals' movements on the inside of the group, which appear to collapse the global order and information transfer, can enable interactions with various neighbors. In this study, we show that noise generated inherently in a school of ayus (Plecoglossus altivelis) is characterized by various power-law behaviors. First, we show that individual fish move faster than Brownian walkers with respect to the center of the mass of the school as a super-diffusive behavior, as seen in starling flocks. Second, we assess neighbor shuffling by measuring the duration of pair-wise contact and find that this distribution obeys the power law. Finally, we show that an individual's movement in the center of a mass reference frame displays a Lévy walk pattern. Our findings suggest that inherent noise (i.e., movements and changes in the relations between neighbors in a directed group) is dynamically self-organized in both time and space. In particular, Lévy walk in schools can be regarded as a well-balanced movement to facilitate dynamic collective motion and information transfer throughout the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Murakami
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1698050, Japan
| | - Takayuki Niizato
- Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050006, Japan
| | - Takenori Tomaru
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1698050, Japan
| | - Yuta Nishiyama
- Science & Technology Entrepreneurship Laboratory (e-square), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan
| | - Yukio-Pegio Gunji
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1698050, Japan
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12
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Han LM, Haron Z, Yahya K, Bakar SA, Dimon MN. A stochastic simulation framework for the prediction of strategic noise mapping and occupational noise exposure using the random walk approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120667. [PMID: 25875019 PMCID: PMC4398358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategic noise mapping provides important information for noise impact assessment and noise abatement. However, producing reliable strategic noise mapping in a dynamic, complex working environment is difficult. This study proposes the implementation of the random walk approach as a new stochastic technique to simulate noise mapping and to predict the noise exposure level in a workplace. A stochastic simulation framework and software, namely RW-eNMS, were developed to facilitate the random walk approach in noise mapping prediction. This framework considers the randomness and complexity of machinery operation and noise emission levels. Also, it assesses the impact of noise on the workers and the surrounding environment. For data validation, three case studies were conducted to check the accuracy of the prediction data and to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of this approach. The results showed high accuracy of prediction results together with a majority of absolute differences of less than 2 dBA; also, the predicted noise doses were mostly in the range of measurement. Therefore, the random walk approach was effective in dealing with environmental noises. It could predict strategic noise mapping to facilitate noise monitoring and noise control in the workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lim Ming Han
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Zaiton Haron
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Khairulzan Yahya
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Suhaimi Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Ngasri Dimon
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
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Motegi T, Nabika H, Fu Y, Chen L, Sun Y, Zhao J, Murakoshi K. Effective Brownian ratchet separation by a combination of molecular filtering and a self-spreading lipid bilayer system. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:7496-7501. [PMID: 24913260 DOI: 10.1021/la500943k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new molecular manipulation method in the self-spreading lipid bilayer membrane by combining Brownian ratchet and molecular filtering effects is reported. The newly designed ratchet obstacle was developed to effectively separate dye-lipid molecules. The self-spreading lipid bilayer acted as both a molecular transport system and a manipulation medium. By controlling the size and shape of ratchet obstacles, we achieved a significant increase in the separation angle for dye-lipid molecules compared to that with the previous ratchet obstacle. A clear difference was observed between the experimental results and the simple random walk simulation that takes into consideration only the geometrical effect of the ratchet obstacles. This difference was explained by considering an obstacle-dependent local decrease in molecular diffusivity near the obstacles, known as the molecular filtering effect at nanospace. Our experimental findings open up a novel controlling factor in the Brownian ratchet manipulation that allow the efficient separation of molecules in the lipid bilayer based on the combination of Brownian ratchet and molecular filtering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Motegi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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14
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Abstract
When searching for food, many organisms adopt a superdiffusive, scale-free movement pattern called a Lévy walk, which is considered optimal when foraging for heterogeneously located resources with little prior knowledge of distribution patterns [Viswanathan GM, da Luz MGE, Raposo EP, Stanley HE (2011) The Physics of Foraging: An Introduction to Random Searches and Biological Encounters]. Although memory of food locations and higher cognition may limit the benefits of random walk strategies, no studies to date have fully explored search patterns in human foraging. Here, we show that human hunter-gatherers, the Hadza of northern Tanzania, perform Lévy walks in nearly one-half of all foraging bouts. Lévy walks occur when searching for a wide variety of foods from animal prey to underground tubers, suggesting that, even in the most cognitively complex forager on Earth, such patterns are essential to understanding elementary foraging mechanisms. This movement pattern may be fundamental to how humans experience and interact with the world across a wide range of ecological contexts, and it may be adaptive to food distribution patterns on the landscape, which previous studies suggested for organisms with more limited cognition. Additionally, Lévy walks may have become common early in our genus when hunting and gathering arose as a major foraging strategy, playing an important role in the evolution of human mobility.
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15
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Shaffer CA. Spatial foraging in free ranging bearded sakis: traveling salesmen or Lévy Walkers? Am J Primatol 2013; 76:472-84. [PMID: 24166852 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
According to optimal foraging theory and most current models of primate socioecology, primate foraging involves a series of decisions concerning when is the most optimal time to leave a food patch, how to travel to the next patch in an efficient manner, and how to minimize the time and distance traveled to all patches throughout the course of the day. In this study, I assess how bearded sakis solve these challenges by presenting data on their patch use, distance minimization, and by comparing their movements with non-deterministic foraging patterns. The study group, composed of 38 ± 15 individuals, fed significantly longer in higher quality patches (quality defined by patch size and productivity) and in those that contained ripe fruit pulp. However, group size was not a significant predictor of patch occupancy. Bearded sakis traveled relatively directly between food patches, sometimes over distances > 300 m. In addition, they chose the optimal daily path among all patches visited on 9 of 17 occasions, and on average traveled only 21% more than the least distance route. Bearded saki step lengths were consistent with a Brownian rather than a Lévy Walk pattern while waiting times were consistent with a Lévy pattern. However, the distribution of their turning angles indicated a high degree of directional persistence between patches. These results suggest that bearded sakis exploit food patches that are randomly distributed spatially but heterogenous in patch quality. They appear to encode the locations of high quality food patches and minimize travel between them, despite opportunistically feeding from more abundant and randomly distributed, lower quality patches en route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Shaffer
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology and Languages, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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16
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Garber PA, Porter LM. Navigating in small-scale space: the role of landmarks and resource monitoring in understanding saddleback tamarin travel. Am J Primatol 2013; 76:447-59. [PMID: 24038234 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies of spatial memory in wild nonhuman primates indicate that foragers may rely on a combination of navigational strategies to locate nearby and distant feeding sites. When traveling in large-scale space, tamarins are reported to encode spatial information in the form of a route-based map. However, little is known concerning how wild tamarins navigate in small-scale space (between feeding sites located at a distance of ≤60 m). Therefore, we collected data on range use, diet, and the angle and distance traveled to visit sequential feeding sites in the same group of habituated Bolivian saddleback tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis weddelli) in 2009 and 2011. For 7-8 hr a day for 54 observation days, we recorded the location of the study group at 10 min intervals using a GPS unit. We then used GIS software to map and analyze the monkeys' movements and travel paths taken between feeding sites. Our results indicate that in small-scale space the tamarins relied on multiple spatial strategies. In 31% of cases travel was route-based. In the remaining 69% of cases, however, the tamarins appeared to attend to the spatial positions of one or more near-to-site landmarks to relocate feeding sites. In doing so they approached the same feeding site from a mean of 4.5 different directions, frequently utilized different arboreal pathways, and traveled approximately 30% longer than then the straight-line distance. In addition, the monkeys' use of non-direct travel paths allowed them to monitor insect and fruit availability in areas within close proximity of currently used food patches. We conclude that the use of an integrated spatial strategy (route-based travel and attention to near-to-goal landmarks) provides tamarins with the opportunity to relocate productive feeding sites as well as monitor the availability of nearby resources in small-scale space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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17
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Schreier AL, Grove M. Recurrent patterning in the daily foraging routes of hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas): Spatial memory in large-scale versus small-scale space. Am J Primatol 2013; 76:421-35. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matt Grove
- Evolutionary Anthropology Group, ACE; University of Liverpool; Liverpool Merseyside, United Kingdom
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18
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Vandercone R, Premachandra K, Wijethunga GP, Dinadh C, Ranawana K, Bahar S. Random walk analysis of ranging patterns of sympatric langurs in a complex resource landscape. Am J Primatol 2013; 75:1209-19. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaushalya Premachandra
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Center for Neurodynamics; University of Missouri at St. Louis; St. Louis; Missouri
| | | | - Chameera Dinadh
- Faculty of Natural Sciences; Open University of Sri Lanka; Nawala; Sri Lanka
| | | | - Sonya Bahar
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Center for Neurodynamics; University of Missouri at St. Louis; St. Louis; Missouri
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19
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20
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Grove M. The evolution of spatial memory. Math Biosci 2012; 242:25-32. [PMID: 23246804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Models of foraging behaviour often assume either that animals are searching for resources, and therefore have no prior knowledge of resource locations, or that they are effectively omniscient, with a comprehensive knowledge of their habitat. By contrast, few attempts have been made to examine the actual conditions under which spatial memory will provide net benefits to foragers. To redress this balance, a model is developed that relates the sensory acuity of the forager and key indices of resource structure to the expected foraging efficiency via calculation of inter-patch distances. Efficiencies of 'ignorant' and 'prescient' foragers are examined in order to derive sets of conditions under which natural selection will favour the evolution of spatial memory capabilities. Results suggest that when resources are densely distributed or sensory acuity is high, spatial memory for resource locations provides no increase in efficiency over that of an 'ignorant' forager encountering resources at random.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Grove
- ACE, University of Liverpool, William Hartley Building, Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GS, United Kingdom.
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21
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Fu Y, Chen L, Ke J, Gao Y, Zhang S, Li S, Chen T, Zhao J. Simulate the diffusion of hydrated ions by nanofiltration membrane process with random walk. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2011.649427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Auger-Méthé M, Clair CCS, Lewis MA, Derocher AE. Sampling rate and misidentification of Lévy and non-Lévy movement paths: comment. Ecology 2011; 92:1699-701; discussion 1701-2. [DOI: 10.1890/10-1704.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Abstract
The Lévy walk is found from amoebas to humans and has been described as the optimal strategy for food research. Recent results, however, have generated controversy about this conclusion since animals also display alternatives to the Lévy walk such as the Brownian walk or mental maps and because movement patterns found in some species only seem to depend on food patches distribution. Here I show that movement patterns of chacma baboons do not follow a Lévy walk but a Brownian process. Moreover this Brownian walk is not the main process responsible for movement patterns of baboons. Findings about their speed and trajectories show that baboons use metal maps and memory to find resources. Thus the Brownian process found in this species appears to be more dependent on the environment or might be an alternative when known food patches are depleted and when animals have to find new resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Sueur
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America.
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