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Mousavi‐Derazmahalleh M, Haue N, Kanstrup M, Laursen JT, Lukehurst SS, Kveiborg J, Allentoft ME. Far away from home? Ancient DNA shows the presence of bicolored shrew ( Crocidura leucodon) in Bronze Age Denmark. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11680. [PMID: 38957694 PMCID: PMC11219242 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
An excavation of an Early Iron Age village near Aalborg in Denmark uncovered the jaws and skull fragments from a small mammal that were morphologically identified to the genus Crocidura (white-toothed shrews). Three Crocidura species are known from prehistoric continental Europe but none of them are distributed in Scandinavia, which is why this surprising finding warranted further analyses. The bone was radiocarbon-dated to 2840-2750 calibrated years before present (cal. BP), corresponding to the Late Bronze Age and hence earlier than the Iron Age archeological context in which it was found. Using highly optimized ancient DNA protocols, we extracted DNA from one tooth and shotgun-sequenced the sample to reconstruct a near-complete mitochondrial reference genome (17,317 bp, 32.6× coverage). Phylogenetic analyses determined this specimen as a bicolored shrew (Crocidura leucodon) but with a phylogenetic position basal to the clade of known sequences from this species. The confirmation of Crocidura presence in Denmark by the Late Bronze Age sheds new light on the prehistoric natural history of Scandinavia. We discuss the implications of this finding from both zoo-archeological and ecological perspectives. Furthermore, the mitochondrial genome reconstructed in this study offers a valuable resource for future research exploring the genetic makeup and evolutionary history of Eurasian shrew populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mousavi‐Derazmahalleh
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Niels Haue
- North Jutland Museums, Department of ArchaeologyFrederikshavnDenmark
| | - Marie Kanstrup
- Aarhus AMS Centre, Department of Physics and AstronomyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Sherralee S. Lukehurst
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jacob Kveiborg
- Department of Archaeological Science and Conservation, Moesgaard MuseumHøjbjergDenmark
| | - Morten E. Allentoft
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics CentreGlobe Institute, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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2
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Shchipanov NA, Demidova TB. Inter-annual fluctuations of sociability in the common shrew (Sorex araneus L.) as determined by a preference test: A case of balancing selection? Behav Processes 2022; 198:104625. [PMID: 35339631 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The specific aim of our study was to test individual common shrews from a population monitored long-term. In a preference test, we revealed sex-related differences in behavioural traits of young common shrews and consistent individual differences in sociability, boldness and in an exploration pattern that have not been reported previously. More active animals were bolder and more superficial in the exploration of non-social objects as compared to shier shrews. Significant inter-annual differences in sociability, boldness and exploratory activity were observed. When we assessed correlations of sociability with population density, non-residents' abundance, activity shared in space, survivorship and home range size, we found a positive association with shared spatial activity and home range size. Contrary to expectation, sociability did not correlate with the density of residents and survivorship. A significant negative association of sociability with non-residents' abundance was documented. Survivorship was associated only with an exploration pattern. The thoroughness of exploration positively correlated with non-residents' abundance. We regard the inter-annual changes in sociability that we observed in the test as a by-product of survival of shrews with various exploration patterns that are associated with dispersal. We can hypothesise that the personality differences registered in this study are maintained by balancing frequency-dependent selection of animals that is associated with differences in habitat quality throughout the population cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay A Shchipanov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Tatiana B Demidova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.
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3
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Reconstructing the Intrinsic Statistical Properties of Intermittent Locomotion Through Corrections for Boundary Effects. Bull Math Biol 2021; 83:28. [PMID: 33594585 PMCID: PMC7886738 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Locomotion characteristics are often recorded within bounded spaces, a constraint which introduces geometry-specific biases and potentially complicates the inference of behavioural features from empirical observations. We describe how statistical properties of an uncorrelated random walk, namely the steady-state stopping location probability density and the empirical step probability density, are affected by enclosure in a bounded space. The random walk here is considered as a null model for an organism moving intermittently in such a space, that is, the points represent stopping locations and the step is the displacement between them. Closed-form expressions are derived for motion in one dimension and simple two-dimensional geometries, in addition to an implicit expression for arbitrary (convex) geometries. For the particular choice of no-go boundary conditions, we demonstrate that the empirical step distribution is related to the intrinsic step distribution, i.e. the one we would observe in unbounded space, via a multiplicative transformation dependent solely on the boundary geometry. This conclusion allows in practice for the compensation of boundary effects and the reconstruction of the intrinsic step distribution from empirical observations.
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Christensen K, Cocconi L, Sendova-Franks AB. Animal intermittent locomotion: A null model for the probability of moving forward in bounded space. J Theor Biol 2020; 510:110533. [PMID: 33181179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a null model to be compared with biological data to test for intrinsic persistence in movement between stops during intermittent locomotion in bounded space with different geometries and boundary conditions. We describe spatio-temporal properties of the sequence of stopping points r1,r2,r3,… visited by a Random Walker within a bounded space. The path between stopping points is not considered, only the displacement. Since there are no intrinsic correlations in the displacements between stopping points, there is no intrinsic persistence in the movement between them. Hence, this represents a null-model against which to compare empirical data for directional persistence in the movement between stopping points when there is external bias due to the bounded space. This comparison is a necessary first step in testing hypotheses about the function of the stops that punctuate intermittent locomotion in diverse organisms. We investigate the probability of forward movement, defined as a deviation of less than 90° between two successive displacement vectors, as a function of the ratio between the largest displacement between stops that could be performed by the random walker and the system size, α=Δℓ/Lmax. As expected, the probability of forward movement is 1/2 when α→0. However, when α is finite, this probability is less than 1/2 with a minimum value when α=1. For certain boundary conditions, the minimum value is between 1/3 and 1/4 in 1D while it can be even lower in 2D. The probability of forward movement in 1D is calculated exactly for all values 0<α⩽1 for several boundary conditions. Analytical calculations for the probability of forward movement are performed in 2D for circular and square bounded regions with one boundary condition. Numerical results for all values 0<α⩽1 are presented for several boundary conditions. The cases of rectangle and ellipse are also considered and an approximate model of the dependence of the forward movement probability on the aspect ratio is provided. Finally, some practical points are presented on how these results can be utilised in the empirical analysis of animal movement in two-dimensional bounded space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Christensen
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Center for Complexity Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Luca Cocconi
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Center for Complexity Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Theoretical Physics of Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ana B Sendova-Franks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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5
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Oliveira FG, Mathias MDL, Rychlik L, Tapisso JT, von Merten S. Metabolic and behavioral adaptations of greater white-toothed shrews to urban conditions. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The global trend of urbanization is creating novel challenges for many animal species. Studies investigating behavioral differences between rural and urban populations often report a general increase in risk-taking behaviors in urban populations. According to the most common energy management model (the performance model), behaviors that increase access to resources, such as aggression and boldness, and behaviors that consume net energy, like locomotion and stress responses, are both positively correlated to resting metabolic rate (RMR). Thus, we expect urban populations to not only exhibit a higher level of risk-taking behavior but also a higher RMR. However, these interactions remain poorly investigated. Our main goal was to analyze the relationship between RMR and risk-taking behaviors in the greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) in rural versus urban populations. Trapped shrews were brought to captivity where we measured RMR, boldness, and exploration rate three times in each individual. Our findings revealed that urban shrews were indeed bolder and more exploratory, but contrary to our expectations, their RMR was lower than that of rural shrews. This is likely explained by differences in the environmental conditions of these two habitats, such as higher ambient temperatures and/or lower prey availability in cities. When looking at each population separately, this relationship remained similar: urban shrews with a higher RMR were less bold, and rural shrews with a higher RMR showed a lower exploration rate. We conclude that the energetic strategy of C. russula is dependent on the environmental and observational context and cannot be explained by the performance model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio G Oliveira
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria da Luz Mathias
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leszek Rychlik
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joaquim T Tapisso
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sophie von Merten
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Shrew twittering call rate is high in novel environments—a lab-study. MAMMAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-020-00488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Social personality: a more social shrew species exhibits stronger differences in personality types. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Rádai Z, Kiss B, Barta Z. Pace of life and behaviour: rapid development is linked with increased activity and voracity in the wolf spider Pardosa agrestis. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Movement behaviour of woodland salamanders is repeatable and varies with forest age in a fragmented landscape. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Debeffe L, Morellet N, Bonnot N, Gaillard JM, Cargnelutti B, Verheyden-Tixier H, Vanpé C, Coulon A, Clobert J, Bon R, Hewison AJM. The link between behavioural type and natal dispersal propensity reveals a dispersal syndrome in a large herbivore. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.0873. [PMID: 25030983 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When individuals disperse, they modify the physical and social composition of their reproductive environment, potentially impacting their fitness. The choice an individual makes between dispersal and philopatry is thus critical, hence a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the decision to leave the natal area is crucial. We explored how combinations of behavioural (exploration, mobility, activity and stress response) and morphological (body mass) traits measured prior to dispersal were linked to the subsequent dispersal decision in 77 roe deer Capreolus capreolus fawns. Using an unusually detailed multi-trait approach, we identified two independent behavioural continuums related to dispersal. First, a continuum of energetic expenditure contrasted individuals of low mobility, low variability in head activity and low body temperature with those that displayed opposite traits. Second, a continuum of neophobia contrasted individuals that explored more prior to dispersal and were more tolerant of capture with those that displayed opposite traits. While accounting for possible confounding effects of condition-dependence (body mass), we showed that future dispersers were less neophobic and had higher energetic budgets than future philopatric individuals, providing strong support for a dispersal syndrome in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Debeffe
- INRA, UR35 Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, B.P. 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France LBBE UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - N Morellet
- INRA, UR35 Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, B.P. 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - N Bonnot
- INRA, UR35 Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, B.P. 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - J M Gaillard
- LBBE UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - B Cargnelutti
- INRA, UR35 Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, B.P. 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - H Verheyden-Tixier
- INRA, UR35 Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, B.P. 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - C Vanpé
- LBBE UMR5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - A Coulon
- UMR 7204 MNHN/CNRS/UPMC, Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4 avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France UMR 5175 CEFE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier 5, France
| | - J Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis USR 2936, 09200 Saint-Girons, France
| | - R Bon
- CNRS, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - A J M Hewison
- INRA, UR35 Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, B.P. 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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11
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Videlier M, Bonneaud C, Cornette R, Herrel A. Exploration syndromes in the frog X
enopus (
S
ilurana) tropicalis
: correlations with morphology and performance? J Zool (1987) 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Videlier
- UMR 7179; Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Paris France
| | - C. Bonneaud
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Penryn Cornwall UK
| | - R. Cornette
- UMR 7205; Origine, Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversité; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Paris France
| | - A. Herrel
- UMR 7179; Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Paris France
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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12
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Elevation-related differences in novel environment exploration and social dominance in food-caching mountain chickadees. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Dochtermann NA, Nelson AB. Multiple Facets of Exploratory Behavior in House Crickets (Acheta domesticus): Split Personalities or Simply Different Behaviors? Ethology 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ned A. Dochtermann
- Department of Biological Sciences; North Dakota State University; Fargo ND USA
| | - Andrew B. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences; North Dakota State University; Fargo ND USA
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14
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Glazier DS. Is metabolic rate a universal ‘pacemaker’ for biological processes? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:377-407. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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King AJ, Fürtbauer I, Mamuneas D, James C, Manica A. Sex-differences and temporal consistency in stickleback fish boldness. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81116. [PMID: 24324664 PMCID: PMC3852232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioural traits that co-vary across contexts or situations often reflect fundamental trade-offs which individuals experience in different contexts (e.g. fitness trade-offs between exploration and predation risk). Since males tend to experience greater variance in reproductive success than females, there may be considerable fitness benefits associated with "bolder" behavioural types, but only recently have researchers begun to consider sex-specific and life-history strategies associated with these. Here we test the hypothesis that male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) show high risk but potentially high return behaviours compared to females. According to this hypothesis we predicted that male fish would show greater exploration of their environment in a foraging context, and be caught sooner by an experimenter than females. We found that the time fish spent out of cover exploring their environment was correlated over two days, and males spent significantly more time out of cover than females. Also, the order in which fish were net-caught from their holding aquarium by an experimenter prior to experiments was negatively correlated with the time spent out of cover during tests, and males tended to be caught sooner than females. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between the catch number prior to our experiments and nine months after, pointing towards consistent, long-term individual differences in behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. King
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- The Structure and Motion Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ines Fürtbauer
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Diamanto Mamuneas
- The Structure and Motion Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte James
- The Structure and Motion Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Manica
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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16
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Eccard JA, Klemme I. Reducing Mortality of Shrews in Rodent Live Trapping — a Method Increasing Live-Trap Selectivity with Shrew Exits. ANN ZOOL FENN 2013. [DOI: 10.5735/086.050.0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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