1
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Biro PA. Testing personality-pace-of-life associations via artificial selection: insights from selected lines of rainbow trout on the context-dependence of correlations. Biol Lett 2024; 20:20240181. [PMID: 38949039 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
More than a decade of study since the personality pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypotheses were first proposed, there is little support for it within species. Lack of experimental control, insufficient sampling in the face of highly labile behavioural and metabolic traits, and context dependency of trait correlations are suggested as reasons. Here, I argue that artificial selection and/or use of existing selected lines represents a powerful but under-used approach to furthering our understanding of the POLS. To illustrate this potential, I conducted a focussed review of studies that compared the behaviour, metabolism, growth and survival of an artificially selected fast-growing rainbow trout relative to wild unselected strains, under varying food and risk conditions in the laboratory and field. Resting metabolic rate, food intake, and behaviours that enhance feeding but increase energy expenditure (activity, aggression, boldness), were all higher in the fast strain in paired contrasts, under all food and risk conditions, both in the laboratory and the field. Fast-strain fish grew faster in almost every food and risk situation except where food was highly limited (or absent), had higher survival under low or zero predation risk, but had lower survival under high risk. Several other traits rarely considered in POLS studies were also higher in the fast strain, including maximum swimming speed, and hormones (growth hormone (GH), thyroid hormone (T3) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)). I conclude: (i) assumptions and predictions of the POLS hypothesis are well supported, and (ii) context-dependency was largely absent, but when present revealed trade-offs between food acquisition and predation risk. This focused review highlights the potential of artificial selection in testing POLS ideas, and will hopefully motivate further studies using other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Biro
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
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2
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Brand JA, Garcia-Gonzalez F, Dowling DK, Wong BBM. Mitochondrial genetic variation as a potential mediator of intraspecific behavioural diversity. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:199-212. [PMID: 37839905 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial genes play an essential role in energy metabolism. Variation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence often exists within species, and this variation can have consequences for energy production and organismal life history. Yet, despite potential links between energy metabolism and the expression of animal behaviour, mtDNA variation has been largely neglected to date in studies investigating intraspecific behavioural diversity. We outline how mtDNA variation and interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genotypes may contribute to the expression of individual-to-individual behavioural differences within populations, and why such effects may lead to sex differences in behaviour. We contend that integration of the mitochondrial genome into behavioural ecology research may be key to fully understanding the evolutionary genetics of animal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Brand
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Francisco Garcia-Gonzalez
- Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Seville, Spain; Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Damian K Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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3
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Horváth G, Garamszegi LZ, Herczeg G. Phylogenetic meta-analysis reveals system-specific behavioural type-behavioural predictability correlations. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230303. [PMID: 37680498 PMCID: PMC10480700 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The biological significance of behavioural predictability (environment-independent within-individual behavioural variation) became accepted recently as an important part of an individual's behavioural strategy besides behavioural type (individual mean behaviour). However, we do not know how behavioural type and predictability evolve. Here, we tested different evolutionary scenarios: (i) the two traits evolve independently (lack of correlations) and (ii) the two traits' evolution is constrained (abundant correlations) due to either (ii/a) proximate constraints (direction of correlations is similar) or (ii/b) local adaptations (direction of correlations is variable). We applied a set of phylogenetic meta-analyses based on 93 effect sizes across 44 vertebrate and invertebrate species, focusing on activity and risk-taking. The general correlation between behavioural type and predictability did not differ from zero. Effect sizes for correlations showed considerable heterogeneity, with both negative and positive correlations occurring. The overall absolute (unsigned) effect size was high (Zr = 0.58), and significantly exceeded the null expectation based on randomized data. Our results support the adaptive scenario: correlations between behavioural type and predictability are abundant in nature, but their direction is variable. We suggest that the evolution of these behavioural components might be constrained in a system-specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Horváth
- Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE-MTM Integrative Ecology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Zsolt Garamszegi
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Herczeg
- Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE-MTM Integrative Ecology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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4
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Kerman K, Roggero A, Rolando A, Palestrini C. Sexual horn dimorphism predicts the expression of active personality trait: males perform better only in the sexually horn dimorphic Onthophagus dung beetle. J ETHOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-023-00782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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5
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Salerno CM, Kamel SJ. Behavioural type, plasticity and predictability are linked to shell shape in a marsh ecosystem predator–prey interaction. Anim Behav 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Beveridge D, Mitchell DJ, Beckmann C, Biro PA. Weak evidence that asset protection underlies temporal or contextual consistency in boldness of a terrestrial crustacean. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have investigated the potential state dependence of individual differences in behaviour, with the aim to understand the proximate and ultimate causes and consequences of animal personality. Among the potential state variables that could affect behavioural expression is size and mass, but few studies have found associations at the among-individual levels. Insufficient sampling and incorrect analysis of data are cited as impediments to detecting correlations, if they exist. Here, we conducted a study using 100 pillbugs (Armadillidium vulgare) and assayed their defensive behaviour 24 times each over time and across familiarity contexts, to test the asset protection hypothesis that predicts a negative correlation between boldness and mass, and with increases in mass over time. Multivariate mixed models revealed that despite mostly consistent individual behavioural differences over time (modest slope variance) and across contexts (near-parallel reaction norms), and 18-fold range in starting mass, there was no correlation between individual mean mass and boldness. However, individuals that gained more mass over time may have been more ‘shy’ compared to those gaining less mass, but the correlation was weak and observed variation in mass gain was small. There was also a mean level trend of increasing shyness over time that was coincident with mean level mass increases over time. Together, our study provides weak evidence for the asset protection hypothesis, whereby individuals that accumulate more resources are thought to protect them through risk averse behaviour.
Significance statement
Individual variation in ‘state’, such as mass or energy reserves, is thought to be a predictor of individual differences in behaviour that are consistent over time. However, few studies reveal such links, and several studies suggest insufficient sampling may explain null results in most studies. We studied 100 animals sampled 24 times each in a controlled setting to reveal stable individual differences in mean behaviour over time and across contexts; however, individual behaviour was unrelated to large differences in individual mass but weakly related to increases in mass through time whereby individuals became more shy and those growing faster were somewhat more shy. Our results provide little evidence for the asset protection hypothesis.
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7
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Cozzoli F, Shokri M, Boulamail S, Marrocco V, Vignes F, Basset A. The size dependency of foraging behaviour: an empirical test performed on aquatic amphipods. Oecologia 2022; 199:377-386. [PMID: 35678931 PMCID: PMC9225974 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The behavioural choices made by foragers regarding the use of resource patches have a direct influence on the energy balance of the individual. Given that several individual traits linked to the acquisition of spatially distributed resources increase with body size (e.g., energy requirements, resource ingestion rates, and movement capacity), it is reasonable to expect size dependencies in overall foraging behaviour. In this study, we tested how body size influences the number, duration, and frequency of foraging episodes in heterogeneous resource patches. To this end, we performed microcosm experiments using the aquatic amphipod Gammarus insensibilis as a model organism. An experimental maze was used to simulate a habitat characterised by resource-rich, resource-poor, and empty patches under controlled conditions. The patch use behaviour of 40 differently sized specimens foraging alone in the experimental maze was monitored via an advanced camera setup. Overall, we observed that individual body size exerted a major influence on the use of resource patches over time. Larger individuals had stronger preference for the resource-rich patches initially and visited them more frequently than smaller individuals, but for shorter periods of time. However, larger individuals subsequently decreased their use of resource-rich patches in favour of resource-poor patches, while smaller individuals continued to prefer resource-rich patches for the whole experimental time. With body size being a key organismal trait, our observations support the general understanding of foraging behaviours related to preference, patch use, and abandonment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cozzoli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET-URT Lecce), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Campus Ecotekne, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
- Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of the Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Milad Shokri
- Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of the Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Sarah Boulamail
- Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of the Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Vanessa Marrocco
- Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of the Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabio Vignes
- Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of the Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alberto Basset
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET-URT Lecce), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Campus Ecotekne, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of the Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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8
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Galluccio E, Lymbery RA, Wilson A, Evans JP. Personality, sperm traits and a test for their combined dependence on male condition in guppies. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [PMID: 35706668 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.00000005n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that animal personality can affect sexual selection, with studies reporting that male behavioural types are associated with success during pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection. Given these links between personality and sexual traits, and the accumulating evidence that their expression can depend on an individual's dietary status (i.e. condition), a novel prediction is that changes in a male's diet should alter both the average expression of personality and sexual traits, and their covariance. We tested these predictions using the guppy Poecilia reticulata, a species previously shown to exhibit strong condition dependence in ejaculate traits and a positive correlation between sperm production and individual variation in boldness. Contrary to expectation, we found that dietary restriction-when administered in mature adult males-did not affect the expression of either behavioural (boldness and activity) or ejaculate traits, although we did find that males subjected to dietary stress exhibited a positive association between sperm velocity and boldness that was not apparent in the unrestricted diet group. This latter finding points to possible context-dependent patterns of covariance between sexually selected traits and personalities, which may have implications for patterns of selection and evolutionary processes under fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Galluccio
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rowan A Lymbery
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alastair Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Jonathan P Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
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9
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Galluccio E, Lymbery RA, Wilson A, Evans JP. Personality, sperm traits and a test for their combined dependence on male condition in guppies. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [PMID: 35706668 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6002280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that animal personality can affect sexual selection, with studies reporting that male behavioural types are associated with success during pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection. Given these links between personality and sexual traits, and the accumulating evidence that their expression can depend on an individual's dietary status (i.e. condition), a novel prediction is that changes in a male's diet should alter both the average expression of personality and sexual traits, and their covariance. We tested these predictions using the guppy Poecilia reticulata, a species previously shown to exhibit strong condition dependence in ejaculate traits and a positive correlation between sperm production and individual variation in boldness. Contrary to expectation, we found that dietary restriction-when administered in mature adult males-did not affect the expression of either behavioural (boldness and activity) or ejaculate traits, although we did find that males subjected to dietary stress exhibited a positive association between sperm velocity and boldness that was not apparent in the unrestricted diet group. This latter finding points to possible context-dependent patterns of covariance between sexually selected traits and personalities, which may have implications for patterns of selection and evolutionary processes under fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Galluccio
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rowan A Lymbery
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alastair Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Jonathan P Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
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10
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Galluccio E, Lymbery RA, Wilson A, Evans JP. Personality, sperm traits and a test for their combined dependence on male condition in guppies. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220269. [PMID: 35706668 PMCID: PMC9156929 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that animal personality can affect sexual selection, with studies reporting that male behavioural types are associated with success during pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection. Given these links between personality and sexual traits, and the accumulating evidence that their expression can depend on an individual's dietary status (i.e. condition), a novel prediction is that changes in a male's diet should alter both the average expression of personality and sexual traits, and their covariance. We tested these predictions using the guppy Poecilia reticulata, a species previously shown to exhibit strong condition dependence in ejaculate traits and a positive correlation between sperm production and individual variation in boldness. Contrary to expectation, we found that dietary restriction-when administered in mature adult males-did not affect the expression of either behavioural (boldness and activity) or ejaculate traits, although we did find that males subjected to dietary stress exhibited a positive association between sperm velocity and boldness that was not apparent in the unrestricted diet group. This latter finding points to possible context-dependent patterns of covariance between sexually selected traits and personalities, which may have implications for patterns of selection and evolutionary processes under fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Galluccio
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rowan A. Lymbery
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alastair Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Jonathan P. Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
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11
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Wu J. Impact of Personality Traits on Knowledge Hiding: A Comparative Study on Technology-Based Online and Physical Education. Front Psychol 2022; 12:791202. [PMID: 34992568 PMCID: PMC8725663 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.791202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge hiding has been a variable of interest that has led to major intangible losses to organizations, especially in this pandemic era when everything has shifted to online platforms and social media. Knowledge hiding has taken a new turn into the field of knowledge management. Moreover, the major players in knowledge hiding are the personality characteristics of individuals that have now found a way of expression without coming into the spotlight. This study is a necessary one in this time of online working environments where the role of personality traits and psychological ownership has been explored to understand their impact on the knowledge hiding within the organizations of China, and furthermore, to understand what role social status plays in moderating these relationships. The sampling design used is convenient random sampling with a sample size of 298 managers. This study has used the software Smart-PLS 3.3.3 for analyzing the data. The data relied on and was validated using preliminary tests of reliability and discriminant and convergent validities using the measurement model algorithm. Further, the partial least square technique was used to find the equation modeling for the variables, with the help of a structural model algorithm using 500 iterations for bootstrapping. The findings of the current study show that the personality traits of the "BIG FIVE" model positively predict knowledge hiding, except for openness to experience. At the same time, psychological ownership plays a partial mediating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Public Department of PE and Arts, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Abdeen A, Agnani P, Careau V. The active mouse rests within: Energy management among and within individuals. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aly Abdeen
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Paul Agnani
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Vincent Careau
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
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13
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Yarwood E, Drees C, Niven JE, Schuett W. Sex-specific covariance between metabolic rate, behaviour and morphology in the ground beetle Carabus hortensis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12455. [PMID: 35003913 PMCID: PMC8684319 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals within the same species often differ in their metabolic rates, which may covary with behavioural traits (such as exploration), that are consistent across time and/or contexts, and morphological traits. Yet, despite the frequent occurrence of sexual dimorphisms in morphology and behaviour, few studies have assessed whether and how sexes differ in metabolic trait covariances. METHODS We investigated sex-specific relationships among resting or active metabolic rate (RMR and AMR, respectively) with exploratory behaviour, measured independently of metabolic rate in a novel environment, body size and body mass, in Carabus hortensis ground beetles. RESULTS RMR, AMR and exploratory behaviour were repeatable among individuals across time, except for male RMR which was unrepeatable. Female RMR neither correlated with exploratory behaviour nor body size/body mass. In contrast, AMR was correlated with both body size and exploratory behaviour. Males with larger body sizes had higher AMR, whereas females with larger body sizes had lower AMR. Both male and female AMR were significantly related to exploratory behaviour, though the relationships between AMR and exploration were body mass-dependent in males and temperature-dependent in females. DISCUSSION Differences between sexes exist in the covariances between metabolic rate, body size and exploratory behaviour. This suggests that selection acts differently on males and females to produce these trait covariances with potentially important consequences for individual fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Yarwood
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Drees
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
- Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy E. Niven
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Schuett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
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14
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Dan Y, Ahmed AAA, Chupradit S, Chupradit PW, Nassani AA, Haffar M. The Nexus Between the Big Five Personality Traits Model of the Digital Economy and Blockchain Technology Influencing Organization Psychology. Front Psychol 2021; 12:780527. [PMID: 34899530 PMCID: PMC8654730 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.780527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic aim of the study was to understand the role of the Big Five model of personality in predicting emotional intelligence and consequently in triggering the entrepreneurial behavior of the employees. The emotional intelligence of the individuals plays a very important role in decision making, enhancement of quality of living, and many other social realms. Hence, the intelligent use of emotions can make or break an individual’s future considering their attitude toward exploiting the entrepreneurial opportunities available. This study has measured the impact of personality traits on emotional intelligence and EI’s role in digital entrepreneurial behavior. The population used in this study was the middle management employees in the corporate sector of the mainland in China. The sample size taken in this study was 260 and selected through convenient sampling. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire measuring each variable. The data collected was employed to SmartPLS 3.3 for analyzing through structural equation modeling to measure the hypotheses. The study has found the partial effect of the Big Five model of personality on emotional intelligence, which significantly predicted the digital entrepreneurial behavior of the employees. The organizations can use the study findings to anticipate the employees’ possible prospects and endeavors regarding their digital entrepreneurial behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dan
- Department of Basic Education, Sichuan Film and Television University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Management, SEGi University Kota Damansara, Kota Damansara, Malaysia
| | | | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Priyanut Wutti Chupradit
- Educational Psychology and Guidance, Department of Educational Foundations and Development, Faculty of Education, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Abdelmohsen A Nassani
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Haffar
- Department of Management, Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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15
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Mitchell DJ, Beckmann C, Biro PA. Understanding the unexplained: The magnitude and correlates of individual differences in residual variance. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7201-7210. [PMID: 34188806 PMCID: PMC8216950 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral and physiological ecologists have long been interested in explaining the causes and consequences of trait variation, with a focus on individual differences in mean values. However, the majority of phenotypic variation typically occurs within individuals, rather than among individuals (as indicated by average repeatability being less than 0.5). Recent studies have further shown that individuals can also differ in the magnitude of variation that is unexplained by individual variation or environmental factors (i.e., residual variation). The significance of residual variation, or why individuals differ, is largely unexplained, but is important from evolutionary, methodological, and statistical perspectives. Here, we broadly reviewed literature on individual variation in behavior and physiology, and located 39 datasets with sufficient repeated measures to evaluate individual differences in residual variance. We then analyzed these datasets using methods that permit direct comparisons of parameters across studies. This revealed substantial and widespread individual differences in residual variance. The magnitude of individual variation appeared larger in behavioral traits than in physiological traits, and heterogeneity was greater in more controlled situations. We discuss potential ecological and evolutionary implications of individual differences in residual variance and suggest productive future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Mitchell
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Life & Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
- Department of Zoology/EthologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Christa Beckmann
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Life & Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
- School of Science and HealthWestern Sydney UniversityParramattaNSWAustralia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | - Peter A. Biro
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Life & Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia
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16
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Tremblay M, Rundle HD, Videlier M, Careau V. Territoriality in Drosophila: indirect effects and covariance with body mass and metabolic rate. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Territoriality (i.e., defense of a resource) is the outcome of behavioral interactions that can result in selective advantages in many vertebrates and invertebrates. Since territoriality is expressed in a social context, an individuals’ territoriality may change according to the phenotype of the opponents that they are confronted with (termed “indirect effects”). Defending a territory may also confer energetic costs to individuals, which could be reflected in their standard metabolic rate (SMR), a key component of an ectotherms’ energy budget. Here, we measured territoriality using dyadic contests, body mass, and SMR using flow-through respirometry, twice in each of 192 adult male Drosophila melanogaster. Territoriality, body mass, and (whole-animal) SMR were all significantly repeatable. However, essentially all the among-individual variation in SMR was shared with body mass, as indicated by a very strong among-individual correlation (rind) between body mass and SMR. The among-individual correlation between territoriality and SMR also tended to be positive, suggesting the presence of underlying metabolic costs to territoriality. Although indirect effects on territoriality were present but weak (accounting for 8.4% of phenotypic variance), indirect effects on territoriality were negatively and significantly correlated with body mass. This indicates that larger individuals tended to suppress their opponents territoriality. Variation among individuals in their ability to suppress territoriality in others was not associated with their own territoriality or SMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tremblay
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, ON, Canada
| | - Howard D Rundle
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Videlier
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, ON, Canada
| | - Vincent Careau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, ON, Canada
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17
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Dahirel M, Gaudu V, Ansart A. Boldness and exploration vary between shell morphs but not environmental contexts in the snail
Cepaea nemoralis. Ethology 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dahirel
- Univ Rennes CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553 Rennes France
- INRAE CNRS ISA Université Côte d’Azur Sophia‐Antipolis France
| | - Valentin Gaudu
- Univ Rennes CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553 Rennes France
| | - Armelle Ansart
- Univ Rennes CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) ‐ UMR 6553 Rennes France
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18
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Agnani P, Thomson J, Schradin C, Careau V. The fast and the curious II: performance, personality, and metabolism in Karoo bush rats. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Cozzoli F, Shokri M, Ligetta G, Ciotti M, Gjoni V, Marrocco V, Vignes F, Basset A. Relationship between individual metabolic rate and patch departure behaviour: evidence from aquatic gastropods. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cozzoli
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
- Res. Inst. on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET) – National Research Council of Italy (CNR) via Salaria km 29.3 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma) Italy
| | - Milad Shokri
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Giovanna Ligetta
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Mario Ciotti
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Vojsava Gjoni
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Vanessa Marrocco
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Fabio Vignes
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Alberto Basset
- Laboratory of Ecology, Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Univ. of the Salento, S.P. Lecce‐Monteroni IT‐73100 Lecce Italy
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