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Frohlich J, Vinciguerra M. Candidate rejuvenating factor GDF11 and tissue fibrosis: friend or foe? GeroScience 2020; 42:1475-1498. [PMID: 33025411 PMCID: PMC7732895 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11 or bone morphogenetic protein 11, BMP11) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and is closely related to other family member-myostatin (also known as GDF8). GDF11 was firstly identified in 2004 due to its ability to rejuvenate the function of multiple organs in old mice. However, in the past few years, the heralded rejuvenating effects of GDF11 have been seriously questioned by many studies that do not support the idea that restoring levels of GDF11 in aging improves overall organ structure and function. Moreover, with increasing controversies, several other studies described the involvement of GDF11 in fibrotic processes in various organ setups. This review paper focuses on the GDF11 and its pro- or anti-fibrotic actions in major organs and tissues, with the goal to summarize our knowledge on its emerging role in regulating the progression of fibrosis in different pathological conditions, and to guide upcoming research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frohlich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
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Vasconcelos JF, Meira CS, Silva DN, Nonaka CKV, Daltro PS, Macambira SG, Domizi PD, Borges VM, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos R, de Freitas Souza BS, Soares MBP. Therapeutic effects of sphingosine kinase inhibitor N,N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS) in experimental chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6171. [PMID: 28733584 PMCID: PMC5522404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease cardiomyopathy is a parasite-driven inflammatory disease to which there are no effective treatments. Here we evaluated the therapeutic potential of N,N-dimethylsphingosine(DMS), which blocks the production of sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P), a mediator of cellular events during inflammatory responses, in a model of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy. DMS-treated, Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice had a marked reduction of cardiac inflammation, fibrosis and galectin-3 expression when compared to controls. Serum concentrations of galectin-3, IFNγ and TNFα, as well as cardiac gene expression of inflammatory mediators were reduced after DMS treatment. The gene expression of M1 marker, iNOS, was decreased, while the M2 marker, arginase1, was increased. DMS-treated mice showed an improvement in exercise capacity. Moreover, DMS caused a reduction in parasite load in vivo. DMS inhibited the activation of lymphocytes, and reduced cytokines and NO production in activated macrophage cultures in vitro, while increasing IL-1β production. Analysis by qRT-PCR array showed that DMS treatment modulated inflammasome activation induced by T. cruzi on macrophages. Altogether, our results demonstrate that DMS, through anti-parasitic and immunomodulatory actions, can be beneficial in the treatment of chronic phase of T. cruzi infection and suggest that S1P-activated processes as possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of Chagas disease cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Fraga Vasconcelos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, 40296-710, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA, 41253-190, Brazil.,Escola de Ciências da saúde, Universidade Salvador, Salvador, BA, 41720-200, Brazil
| | - Cássio Santana Meira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, 40296-710, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA, 41253-190, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pâmela Santana Daltro
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA, 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Simone Garcia Macambira
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA, 41253-190, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Pablo Daniel Domizi
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21944-970, Brazil
| | - Valéria Matos Borges
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, 40296-710, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, 40296-710, Brazil.,Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA, 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, 40296-710, Brazil. .,Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA, 41253-190, Brazil.
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