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Cui ZY, Li WJ, Wang WK, Wu QC, Jiang YW, Aisikaer A, Zhang F, Chen HW, Yang HJ. Wheat silage partially replacing oaten hay exhibited greater feed efficiency and fibre digestion despite low feed intake by feedlot lambs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:332-340. [PMID: 38053804 PMCID: PMC10694067 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the feeding effect of wheat silage on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microbiota composition in feedlot lambs. Sixty-four male crossbred Chinese Han lambs (BW = 27.8 ± 0.67 kg, 3 months of age) were randomly assigned to four ration groups with wheat silage replacing 0% (WS0), 36% (WS36), 64% (WS64), and 100% (WS100) of oaten hay on forage dry matter basis. The concentrate-to-forage ratio was 80:20 and the feeding trial lasted 52 d. Increasing wheat silage inclusion linearly decreased dry matter intake by 4% to 27% (P < 0.01). However, increasing the wheat silage replacement of oaten hay by no more than 64% improved the feed efficiency by 14% as noted by the feed-to-gain ratio (P = 0.04). Apparent digestibility of organic matter (P < 0.01), neutral detergent fibre (P = 0.04) and acid detergent fibre (P < 0.01) quadratically increased. Ammonia nitrogen (P = 0.01) decreased while microbial protein production (P < 0.01) increased with the increase of wheat silage inclusion. Total volatile fatty acids concentration increased quadratically with the increase of wheat silage inclusion (P < 0.01), and the highest occurred in WS64. The molar proportion of acetate (P < 0.01) and acetate-to-propionate ratio (P = 0.04) decreased while butyrate (P < 0.01) and isovalerate (P = 0.04) increased. Increasing wheat silage inclusion increased the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidota ratio by 226% to 357%, resulting in Firmicutes instead of Bacteroidota being the most abundant phylum. The relative abundance of cellulolytic Ruminococcus numerically increased but that of amylolytic Prevotella (P < 0.01) decreased as increasing wheat silage inclusion. Taken together, increasing wheat silage replacement of oaten hay by no more than 64% exhibited greater feed efficiency and fibre digestion despite low feed intake by feedlot lambs due to the change of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidota ratio in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei-Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi-Chao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yao-Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ailiyasi Aisikaer
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - He-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong-Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Castro M, Cardoso M, Detmann E, Fonseca M, Sampaio C, Marcondes M. In vitro ruminal fermentation and enteric methane production of tropical forage added nitrogen or nitrogen plus starch. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Campos FP, Nussio LG, Sarmento P, Daniel JLP, Lima CG. Effects of addition of different sources and doses of sugars on in vitro digestibilities of dry matter, fibre and cell wall monosaccharides of corn silage in ruminants. Animal 2020; 14:1667-1675. [PMID: 32156319 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In ruminant diets, soluble sugar is an important factor in the digestive process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the source and dose of soluble sugars, under controlled pH conditions, on the in vitro digestibility of DM, fibre fractions (NDF and ADF) and cell wall neutral monosaccharides of corn silage. Silage was collected from several points in a silage mass from a bunker silo, oven-dried at 55°C and ground through a 1-mm screen. Sub-samples were combined with sugars to compose the treatments, in a 5 × 5 factorial arrangement, as a combination of five soluble sugar sources (glucose, fructose, arabinose, xylose and sucrose) and five sugar doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g/kg sugar in DM corn silage), respecting the following proportions of sugar : corn silage, 0 : 100, 10 : 90, 20 : 80, 30 : 70, 40 : 60 represented by the sugar doses, respectively. An in vitro test was performed to determine the true digestibility (D) of the chemical entities (DM, NDF and ADF) and cell wall monosaccharides (glucose = gluc, arabinose = arab and xylose = xyl). During the first 12 h of incubation, the pH was maintained above 6.0 by the addition of 2.5 N NaOH. The concentrations of neutral monosaccharides (arabinose, xylose and glucose) were determined by GLC. The soluble sugars decreased the digestibility of corn silage followed by pH reduction, especially at doses higher than 200 g/kg sugar. Overall, xylose, followed by sucrose, fructose and arabinose, had greater impacts on DM digestibility, whereas fibre digestibility was impaired by sucrose at all doses. Xylose and fructose had greater impacts on NDF digestibility at 300 and 400 g/kg sugar. Although xylose impaired the Dgluc in the cell wall in all doses. All doses of glucose improved the Dgluc and Dxyl in the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Campos
- Instituto de Zootecnia/Agência Paulista de Tecnologia do Agronegócio/ Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento, Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, SP13380.011, Brazil
| | - L G Nussio
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP13418.900, Brazil
| | - P Sarmento
- Instituto de Zootecnia/Agência Paulista de Tecnologia do Agronegócio/ Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento, Rua Heitor Penteado, 56, Nova Odessa, SP13380.011, Brazil
| | - J L P Daniel
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, Bloco J45, Zona 7, Maringá, PR87020.900, Brazil
| | - C G Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Avenida Duque de Caxias 225, Jardim Elite, Pirassununga, SP13635.900, Brazil
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Naseroleslami R, Danesh Mesgaran M, Tahmasbi A, Vakili SA, Ebrahimi SH. Influence of barley grain treated with alkaline compounds or organic extracts on ex vivo site and extent of digestion of starch. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:230-236. [PMID: 28728361 PMCID: PMC5767505 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Two ex vivo experiments were conducted to verify the effect of barley grain (Nusrat cultivar) treated with alkaline compounds (AC) including alum, ammonium, and sodium hydroxide or cation-exchanged organic extracts (OE) prepared from alfalfa hay, sugar beet pulp and Ulva Fasciata, on extent and digestion of starch. Methods In the first study, the in vitro first order disappearance kinetic parameters of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and starch were estimated using a non-linear model (D(t) = D(i) · e(−kd · time) + I, where: D(t) = potentially digestible residues at any time, D(i) = potentially digestible fraction at any time, kd = fractional rate constant of digestion (/h), I = indigestible fraction at any time). In the second experiment, the ruminal and post-ruminal disappearance of DM, CP, and starch were determined using in situ mobile nylon bag. Results Barley grains treated with alum and alfalfa extract had a higher constant rate of starch digestion (0.11 and 0.09/h) than others. Barley grain treated with OE had a higher constant rate of CP digestion and that of treated with AC had a higher constant rate of starch digestion (0.08 and 0.11/h) compared with those of the other treatments. The indigestible fraction of starch treated with alum and sugar beet pulp extract was higher than that of the control group (0.24 and 0.25 vs 0.21). Barley grain treated with AC and OE had significant CP disappearance in the rumen, post-rumen and total tract, and also starch disappearance for post-rumen and total tract compared with the untreated (p<0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrated that AC and OE might have positive effects on the starch degradation of the barley grain. In addition, treating barley grain with alum and sugar beet pulp extract could change the site and extend digestion of protein and starch.
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Lazzarini Í, Detmann E, de Campos Valadares Filho S, Paulino MF, Batista ED, de Almeida Rufino LM, Dos Reis WLS, de Oliveira Franco M. Nutritional Performance of Cattle Grazing during Rainy Season with Nitrogen and Starch Supplementation. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 29:1120-8. [PMID: 26954147 PMCID: PMC4932565 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with nitrogen and starch on the nutritional performance of grazing cattle during the rainy season. Five rumen cannulated Nellore steers, averaging 211 kg of body weight (BW), were used. Animals grazed on five signal grass paddocks. Five treatments were evaluated: control (forage only), ruminal supplementation with nitrogen at 1 g of crude protein (CP)/kg BW, ruminal supplementation with starch at 2.5 g/kg BW, supplementation with nitrogen (1 g CP/kg BW) and starch (2.5 g/kg BW), and supplementation with nitrogen (1 g CP/kg BW) and a mixture of corn starch and nitrogenous compounds (2.5 g/kg BW), thereby resulting in an energy part of the supplement with 150 g CP/kg of dry matter (DM). This last treatment was considered an additional treatment. The experiment was carried out according to a 5 ×5 Latin square design following a 2×2+1 factorial arrangement (with or without nitrogen, with or without starch, and the additional treatment). Nitrogen supplementation did not affect (p>0.10) forage intake. Starch supplementation increased (p<0.10) total intake but did not affect (p<0.10) forage intake. There was an interaction between nitrogen and starch (p<0.10) for organic matter digestibility. Organic matter digestibility was increased only by supplying starch and nitrogen together. Nitrogen balance (NB) was increased (p<0.10) by the nitrogen supplementation as well as by starch supplementation. Despite this, even though a significant interaction was not observed (p>0.10), NB obtained with nitrogen plus starch supplementation was greater than NB obtained with either nitrogen or starch exclusive supplementation. Supplementation with starch and nitrogen to beef cattle grazing during the rainy season can possibly improve digestion and nitrogen retention in the animal..
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Affiliation(s)
- Ísis Lazzarini
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG CEP 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Edenio Detmann
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG CEP 36570-000, Brazil
| | | | - Mário Fonseca Paulino
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG CEP 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Erick Darlisson Batista
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG CEP 36570-000, Brazil
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Rojas-Hernandez S, Olivares-Perez J, Aviles-Nova F, Villa-Mancera A, Reynoso-Palomar A, Camacho-Díaz LM. Productive response of lambs fed Crescentia alata and Guazuma ulmifolia fruits in a tropical region of Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:1431-6. [PMID: 26081461 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In vitro gas production with and without polyethylene glycol (PEG) of the fruits of Crescentia alata and Guazuma ulmifolia was evaluated, the degradation kinetics of lamb diets with added fruit of the tree was determined, and the ration intake and growth rate of lambs fed these diets were measured. Twenty-five entire male lambs of 23.5 ± 0.44 kg body weight were used and distributed in treatments: T0 (control without fruit); T1 and T2, 15 and 30 % of the fruit of C. alata; and T3 and T4, 15 and 30 % of the fruit of G. ulmifolia. Data variables chemical composition, fermentation kinetic, and digestibility in vitro were analyzed by a completely randomized design and data production response factorials design of five treatments by three evaluation periods. The total phenolic content (TP) (23.0 g/kg DM) was higher (P < 0.01) in the fruits of G. ulmifolia. The addition of PEG increased (P < 0.05) in vitro gas production (156.6 mL/g DM) in fruits of G. ulmifolia. In the fermentation kinetics, the total gas volume was higher (P < 0.01) at T0 (b = 293 mL/g DM), and the rate of degradation (c) but Lag time (t lag) was not different. In animal response, total dry matter intake was higher in lambs that received T4 (1.35 kg), and the daily weight gain and feed conversion did not differ (P > 0.05) among lambs receiving the treatments. Thirty percent G. ulmifolia fruit added in the diet increased dry matter intake and improved feed conversion but did not increase weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Rojas-Hernandez
- Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Carretera Nacional, Altamirano-Iguala, km. 3.0 Altamirano, Gro., Mexico, CP. 40660, Mexico
| | - Jaime Olivares-Perez
- Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Carretera Nacional, Altamirano-Iguala, km. 3.0 Altamirano, Gro., Mexico, CP. 40660, Mexico.
| | - Francisca Aviles-Nova
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Centro Universitario, Temascaltepec, Tejupilco, Mexico
| | - Abel Villa-Mancera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tamacalco, Puebla, México
| | - Alejandro Reynoso-Palomar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tamacalco, Puebla, México
| | - L M Camacho-Díaz
- Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Carretera Nacional, Altamirano-Iguala, km. 3.0 Altamirano, Gro., Mexico, CP. 40660, Mexico
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Bailey EA, Titgemeyer EC, Olson KC, Brake DW, Jones ML, Anderson DE. Effects of ruminal casein and glucose on forage digestion and urea kinetics in beef cattle1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:3505-14. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Bailey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-1600
| | - E. C. Titgemeyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-1600
| | - K. C. Olson
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-1600
| | - D. W. Brake
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-1600
| | - M. L. Jones
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-1600
| | - D. E. Anderson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-1600
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Islam M, Garcia S, Horadagoda A. Effects of irrigation and rates and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter yield, proportions of plant fractions of maize and nutritive value and in vitro gas production characteristics of whole crop maize silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Intake, digestibility and rumen dynamics of neutral detergent fibre in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogen and/or starch. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010; 42:1299-310. [PMID: 20386983 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of nitrogenous compounds and/or starch supplementation on the intake, digestibility and rumen dynamics of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage. Four crossbred heifers (Holstein x Zebu) with a body weight 231.9 +/- 15.5 kg and fitted with ruminal cannulae were used. The forage fed to the animals consisted of low-quality signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.) hay, with an average crude protein (CP) level of 51.6 g/kg, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Four treatments were evaluated: control, without supplementation; supplementation with nitrogenous compounds (CP of the roughage was raised to 100 g/kg), on a DM basis; supplementation with starch at a ratio of 200 g/kg DM of roughage; and supplementation with nitrogenous compounds and starch as described above. A mixture of urea, ammonium sulphate and albumin was used as a source of nitrogenous compounds at a ratio of 4.5:0.5:1.0. The experiment was carried out according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. There was a positive effect of the nitrogenous compound supplementation on the DM and NDF intake (P < 0.01). In contrast, starch supplementation decreased forage intake (P < 0.10). Nitrogen supplementation increased the digestibility coefficient of DM and NDF (P < 0.05). Supplementation with nitrogen and starch together increased the microbial assimilation of nitrogenous compounds in the rumen (P < 0.05). We observed that nitrogen supplementation increased the estimated weighted degradation rate of NDF by 14.8%, whilst starch supplementation decreased this rate by 32.5%.
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Lazzarini I, Detmann E, Sampaio C, Paulino M, Valadares Filho S, Souza M, Oliveira F. Dinâmicas de trânsito e degradação da fibra em detergente neutro em bovinos alimentados com forragem tropical de baixa qualidade e compostos nitrogenados. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352009000300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avaliaram-se as dinâmicas de trânsito e degradação da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) em bovinos alimentados com forragem tropical de baixa qualidade e compostos nitrogenados. Foram utilizadas cinco novilhas Holandês x Zebu fistuladas no rúmen. A alimentação volumosa basal dos animais foi constituída por feno de capim-braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.), com 5,08% de proteína bruta (PB), com base na matéria seca (MS), fornecido ad libitum. Os cinco tratamentos avaliados foram definidos de acordo com o nível de suplementação proteica (0, 3, 5, 7 e 9 pontos percentuais acima do nível de PB da forragem). Como fonte de compostos nitrogenados, empregou-se mistura de ureia:sulfato de amônia:albumina (4,5:0,5:1,0). O experimento foi estruturado segundo delineamento em quadrado latino 5 x 5. Os níveis médios de PB nas dietas foram de 5,28; 8,08; 9,82; 11,87 e 13,63%, com base na MS. Verificou-se elevação linear (P<0,05) da fração potencialmente degradável da FDN até o nível de 8,62% de PB, com platô estimado de 47,92% da FDN. Verificou-se efeito quadrático (P<0,05) sobre a taxa de degradação da fração potencialmente degradável da FDN em função dos níveis de PB da dieta, com máxima resposta estimada sobre 13,39% de PB. O fluxo ruminal de partículas fibrosas apresentou relação linear-response-plateau em função do nível de PB na dieta (P<0,05), com ponto crítico para o início do platô sobre 7,59% de PB.
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Silveira M, Kozloski G, Mesquita F, Farenzena R, Senger C, Brondani I. Avaliação de métodos laboratoriais para estimar a digestibilidade e o valor energético de dietas para ruminantes. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352009000200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Foi avaliada a acurácia dos métodos laboratoriais para estimar a digestibilidade e o valor energético de dietas para bovinos de corte. As dietas experimentais foram isonitrogenadas e compostas por silagem de milho e 25, 40, 55 ou 70% de concentrado. Os valores de digestibilidade medidos in vivo foram comparados com os obtidos nos ensaios in situ, in vitro e in vitro/gases, e com valores estimados a partir de equações matemáticas baseadas na composição química das dietas. O ensaio in vivo foi realizado com quatro bovinos em delineamento em quadrado latino 4×4. Quatro animais foram usados para o ensaio in situ e quatro corridas foram realizadas para os ensaios in vitro. Não houve interação significativa de dietas versus métodos. As taxas de degradação calculadas a partir dos ensaios in situ e in vitro/gases não foram acuradas para estimar o valor nutritivo dos alimentos, e o método in vitro foi o que melhor estimou a digestibilidade das dietas. A equação de Weiss superestimou o valor nutricional das dietas por superestimar a digestibilidade da fibra e por subestimar a excreção endógena fecal, mas essa equação foi mais acurada que as equações de McDowell.
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Detmann E, Valadares Filho S, Pina D, Henriques L, Paulino M, Magalhães K, Silva P, Chizzotti M. Prediction of the energy value of cattle diets based on the chemical composition of the feeds under tropical conditions. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen Y, Sharma-Shivappa RR, Chen C. Ensiling agricultural residues for bioethanol production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 143:80-92. [PMID: 18025598 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The potential of using ensiling, with and without supplemental enzymes, as a cost-effective pretreatment for bioethanol production from agricultural residues was investigated. Ensiling did not significantly affect the lignin content of barley straw, cotton stalk, and triticale hay ensiled without enzyme, but slightly increased the lignin content in triticale straw, wheat straw, and triticale hay ensiled with enzyme. The holocellulose (cellulose plus hemicellulose) losses in the feedstocks, as a result of ensiling, ranged from 1.31 to 9.93%. The percent holocellulose loss in hays during ensiling was lower than in straws and stalks. Ensiling of barley, triticale, wheat straws, and cotton stalk significantly increased the conversion of holocellulose to sugars during subsequent hydrolysis with two enzyme combinations. Enzymatic hydrolysis of ensiled and untreated feedstocks by Celluclast 1.5 L-Novozyme 188 enzyme combination resulted in equal or higher saccharification than with Spezyme CP-xylanase combination. Enzyme loadings of 40 and 60 FPU/g reducing sugars gave similar sugar yields. The percent saccharification with Celluclast 1.5 L-Novozyme 188 at 40 FPU/g reducing sugars was 17.1 to 43.6%, 22.4 to 46.9%, and 23.2 to 32.2% for untreated feedstocks, feedstocks ensiled with, and without enzymes, respectively. Fermentation of the hydrolysates from ensiled feedstocks resulted in ethanol yields ranging from 0.21 to 0.28 g/g reducing sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA
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Chen Y, Sharma-Shivappa RR, Keshwani D, Chen C. Potential of agricultural residues and hay for bioethanol production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 142:276-90. [PMID: 18025588 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-0026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Production of bioethanol from agricultural residues and hays (wheat, barley, and triticale straws, and barley, triticale, pearl millet, and sweet sorghum hays) through a series of chemical pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation processes was investigated in this study. Composition analysis suggested that the agricultural straws and hays studied contained approximately 28.62-38.58% glucan, 11.19-20.78% xylan, and 22.01-27.57% lignin, making them good candidates for bioethanol production. Chemical pretreatment with sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% indicated that concentration and treatment agent play a significant role during pretreatment. After 2.0% sulfuric acid pretreatment at 121 degrees C/15 psi for 60 min, 78.10-81.27% of the xylan in untreated feedstocks was solubilized, while 75.09-84.52% of the lignin was reduced after 2.0% sodium hydroxide pretreatment under similar conditions. Enzymatic hydrolysis of chemically pretreated (2.0% NaOH or H2SO4) solids with Celluclast 1.5 L-Novozym 188 (cellobiase) enzyme combination resulted in equal or higher glucan and xylan conversion than with Spezyme(R) CP- xylanase combination. The glucan and xylan conversions during hydrolysis with Celluclast 1.5 L-cellobiase at 40 FPU/g glucan were 78.09 to 100.36% and 74.03 to 84.89%, respectively. Increasing the enzyme loading from 40 to 60 FPU/g glucan did not significantly increase sugar yield. The ethanol yield after fermentation of the hydrolyzate from different feedstocks with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ranged from 0.27 to 0.34 g/g glucose or 52.00-65.82% of the theoretical maximum ethanol yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA
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Kozloski G, Sanchez LB, Cadorin R, Reffatti M, Neto DP, Lima L. Intake and digestion by lambs of dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Mott) hay or hay supplemented with urea and different levels of cracked corn grain. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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