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Shilwant S, Hundal JS, Singla M, Patra AK. Ruminal fermentation and methane production in vitro, milk production, nutrient utilization, blood profile, and immune responses of lactating goats fed polyphenolic and saponin-rich plant extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10901-10913. [PMID: 36087183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a composite plant extract (CPE) rich in polyphenolics and saponins from seeds of Dolichos biflorus (horse gram), root of Asparagus racemosus (shatavari), bark of Amoora rohituka (rohitaka), and peel of Punica granatum (pomegranate) on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis in vitro, milk production, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and blood profiles in lactating Beetal goats fed CPE at 20 g/kg diet. Dose effect of CPE was assessed using different doses (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg substrate) to find out an optimum dose for the in vivo study. The in vivo experiment lasted 70 days including a 10-day adaptation period. In the in vitro study, dry matter (DM) and fiber degradability increased linearly (P < 0.05) and methane production and ammonia concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing doses of CPE. Concentrations of total VFA and proportion of propionate increased (P < 0.001) linearly, whereas proportion of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio decreased with a linear effect. Dietary CPE increased milk yield (P = 0.017) and concentrations of protein and lactose (P = 0.045) by CPE, but concentrations of fat and solid not fat in milk were not affected (P > 0.10). Somatic cell counts in milk reduced (P = 0.045) in the CPE-fed goats. Apparent digestibility of DM (P = 0.037) increased significantly and NDF (P = 0.066) tended to increase due to supplementation of CPE. Blood glucose (P = 0.028) and albumin (P = 0.007) concentrations increased, while other liver-marker metabolites and enzyme activities and superoxide dismutase activity were not altered in goats due to feeding of CPE. Concentrations of total amino acids (P = 0.010), total essential amino acids (P = 0.012), and total ketogenic amino acids (P < 0.001) were greater in the CPE-fed goats than the control goats. Cell-mediated immune response improved due to CPE feeding. This study suggests that the CPE rich in both phenolics and saponins could improve ruminal fermentation, milk production, and nutrient utilization in lactating goats with better health status while decreasing methane emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Shilwant
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Jaspal Singh Hundal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Mandeep Singla
- Goat Farm, Directorate of Livestock Farm, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India.
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Inhibitory Effect Mediated by Deoxynivalenol on Rumen Fermentation under High-Forage Substrate. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type B trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi. To investigate its ruminal degradability and its effect on rumen fermentation, a 2 × 5 factorial experiment was conducted in vitro with two feed substrates with different forage levels (high forage (HF), forage-to-concentrate = 4:1; low forage (LF), forage-to-concentrate = 1:4) and five DON additions per substrate (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg of dry matter). After 48 h incubation, the DON degradability in the HF group was higher than in the LF group (p < 0.01), and it decreased along with the increase in DON concentrations (p < 0.01), which varied from 57.18% to 29.01% at 48 h. In addition, the gas production rate, total VFA production and microbial crude protein decreased linearly against the increase in DON additions (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the proportion of CH4 in the fermentation gas end-products increased linearly, especially in the HF group (p < 0.01). In brief, rumen microorganisms presented 29–57% of the DON degradation ability and were particularly significant under a high-forage substrate. Along with the increasing DON addition, the toxin degradability decreased, showing a dose-dependent response. However, DON inhibited rumen fermentation and increased methane production when it exceeded 5 mg/kg of dry matter.
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Abo-Donia FM, Ahmed El-Shora M, Abd-Elaziz Riad W, Basuony Elgamal N, Abdel-Menaem El-Hamady W. Improve the nutritional value and utilization of rice straw via an ensiling process with different sources of energy and nitrogen enrichment. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2076685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pfau F, Hummel J. Microbial protein formation of different carbohydrates in vitro. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1739-1746. [PMID: 31538689 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial protein yield of different pure carbohydrates to contribute to a more precise prediction of the microbial protein formed in the rumen. In a first experiment, sucrose, wheat starch, microcrystalline cellulose and citrus pectin were incubated for 8 and 24 hr in the modified Hohenheim gas test (HGT) system (3 runs × 2 syringes) including gas production, ammonia and short-chain fatty acid concentration measurements. Ammonia values were used for estimation of the microbial protein formation. In a second experiment, the same substrates were incubated for 96 hr in the HGT system (2 runs × 3 syringes) and gas production was measured after 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 96 hr of incubation to obtain the fermentation kinetics and the time of half-maximal gas production (t1/2 ) of the substrates. The substrates differed considerably in their fermentation kinetics, and therefore, comparison on the basis of t1/2 was chosen as the most meaningful. At t1/2 , microbial protein yield [g/kg dry matter] was higher for cellulose than for sucrose and pectin and higher for starch than for sucrose. The microbial protein expressed in g/L gas production was higher for starch and cellulose than for sucrose and pectin at t1/2 . Effects of carbohydrates related to ruminal pH may remain undetected in in vitro trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Pfau
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hummel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Benedeti PDB, Fonseca MA, Shenkoru T, Marcondes MI, de Paula EM, da Silva LG, Faciola AP. Does partial replacement of corn with glycerin in beef cattle diets affect in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas production kinetic, and enteric greenhouse gas emissions? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199577. [PMID: 29928065 PMCID: PMC6013176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Five in vitro experiments were conducted with the following objectives: 1) To evaluate the ruminal fermentation of three different single ingredients: corn, glycerin, and starch (Exp. 1 and 2); 2) To assess effects of partially replacing corn with glycerin in beef cattle diets on ruminal fermentation pattern (Exp. 3 and 4); and 3) To evaluate the effects of glycerin inclusion on the extension of ruminal DM digestibility of feeds with high (orchard hay) and low (corn) fiber content (Exp. 5). For Exp. 1 and 2, two in vitro systems (24-bottle AnkomRF and 20-serum bottles) were used in four consecutive fermentation batches to evaluate gas production (GP), fermentation profiles, enteric methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) of corn, glycerin, and starch. The 24 h total GP, acetate concentration, and acetate: propionate ratio decreased only when glycerin was added to the diet (P < 0.01). The 48-h total GP and metabolizable energy were greatest for corn (P < 0.01), and similar between glycerin and starch. The starch treatment had the lowest total volatile fatty acids concentration (P = 0.01). Glycerin had greatest CH4 production, lag time, and maximum gas volume of the first pool (P < 0.05). However, the maximum gas volume of the second pool was greatest for corn (P < 0.05), and similar between glycerin and starch. The starch treatment had the greatest specific rates of digestion for first and second pools (P < 0.05). Production of CO2 (mL/g) was greater for corn (P < 0.01), but similar for glycerin and starch. For Exp. 3 and 4, the same systems were used to evaluate four different levels of glycerin [0, 100, 200, and 300 g/kg of dry matter (DM)] replacing corn in beef cattle finishing diets. Glycerin levels did not affect 24 and 48 h total GP, CH4, and CO2 (P > 0.05). The inclusion of glycerin linearly decreased acetate concentration (P = 0.03) and acetate: propionate ratio (P = 0.04). For Exp. 5, two DaisyII incubators were used to evaluate the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the following treatments: orchard hay; corn; orchard hay + glycerin; and corn + glycerin. Glycerin inclusion decreased orchard hay IVDMD (P < 0.01) but did not affect corn IVDMD (P > 0.05). We concluded that, under these experimental conditions, glycerin has similar energy efficiency when used in replacement of corn and included at up to 300 g/kg in beef cattle diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Del Bianco Benedeti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mozart Alves Fonseca
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Teshome Shenkoru
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | | | - Eduardo Marostegan de Paula
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Lorrayny Galoro da Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Antonio Pinheiro Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Malekjahani F, Mesgaran MD, Vakili A, Sadeghi M, Yu P. A novel approach to determine synchronization index of lactating dairy cow diets with minimal sensitivity to random variations. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Malecky M, Ghadbeigi M, Aliarabi H, Bahari A, Zaboli K. Effect of replacing alfalfa with processed potato vines on growth performance, ruminal and total tract digestibility and blood metabolites in fattening lambs. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tagliapietra F, Cattani M, Dal Maso M, Schiavon S. Effects of water extracts from chicory and BHT on the in vitro rumen degradation of feeds. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirko Cattani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Università di Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Dal Maso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, Università di Padova, Italy
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Faramarzi-Garmroodi A, Mesgaran MD, Parand E, Vakili A. In vitro effect of the adding of an exogenous enzyme blend (Natuzyme®) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane production of diets containing different NDF concentrations. QSCIENCE CONNECT 2014. [DOI: 10.5339/connect.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Faramarzi-Garmroodi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, P O Box 91775-1163, Iran
| | - M. Danesh Mesgaran
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, P O Box 91775-1163, Iran
| | - E. Parand
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, P O Box 91775-1163, Iran
| | - A.R. Vakili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, P O Box 91775-1163, Iran
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Singh S, Anele U, Edmunds B, Südekum KH. In vitro ruminal dry matter degradability, microbial efficiency, short chain fatty acids, carbohydrate and protein fractionation of tropical grass-multipurpose tree species diets. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tagliapietra F, Cattani M, Hansen HH, Bittante G, Schiavon S. High doses of vitamin E and vitamin C influence in vitro rumen microbial activity. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fadaee S, Mesgaran MD, Vakili SA, Tahmasbi AM. Influence of sodium hydroxide treatment of barley grain on in vitrorumen gas production and microbial-N yield. QSCIENCE CONNECT 2013. [DOI: 10.5339/connect.2013.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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13
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Cattani M, Tagliapietra F, Bailoni L, Schiavon S. Synthetic and natural polyphenols with antioxidant properties stimulate rumen microbial growth in vitro. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/an11096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This trial compared the effects of two antioxidant phenols, butyl-hydroxyl-toluene (BHT) and a blend of polyphenols extracted from red chicory, on in vitro degradability, gas production (GP), volatile fatty acids, and microbial nitrogen production, using meadow hay and corn grain as fermentation substrates. A batch culture system with automated gas pressure detectors was used. Four replicates of each feed were incubated for 72 h without additive (Control, CTL) or with the addition of low (0.15 mg/g feed) or high (1.5 mg/g feed) dosages of BHT or red chicory. GP curves were fitted to estimate the time at which half of total GP (t1/2) was achieved. The t1/2 values for meadow hay and corn grain were ~16 and 9 h, respectively. A second incubation, conducted using the same experimental design, was stopped at t1/2. Compared with CTL, degradability and GP kinetics were not affected by the two dosages of BHT, except for GP, which increased after 48 h of incubation (P < 0.01). In the second incubation, BHT increased acetate at the expense of butyrate proportion (P < 0.01). Red chicory extract did not influence GP, feed degradability, or volatile fatty acids production in either incubation. Both BHT and red chicory induced a dosage-dependent increase in microbial nitrogen production at t1/2 (P < 0.05), on average from 7.0 to 13.9 mg/g DM. Collectively, our data suggest that increasing dosages of the two additives with antioxidant properties could have induced a shift in the partition of energy, with a higher proportion of nutrients channelled towards microbial protein synthesis.
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Effect of α-ketoglutaric acid on in vitro gas production, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial diversity. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abdl-Rahman MA, Sawiress FAR, Abd El-Aty AM. Effect of sodium lauryl sulfate-fumaric Acid coupled addition on the in vitro rumen fermentation with special regard to methanogenesis. Vet Med Int 2010; 2010:858474. [PMID: 20445794 PMCID: PMC2859047 DOI: 10.4061/2010/858474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of sodium lauryl sulfate-fumaric acid coupled addition on in vitro methangenesis and rumen fermentation. Evaluation was carried out using in vitro gas production technique. Ruminal contents were collected from five steers immediately after slaughtering and used for preparation of inoculums of mixed rumen microorganisms. Rumen fluid was then mixed with the basal diet of steers and used to generate four treatments, negative control (no additives), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) treated, fumaric acid treated, and SLS-fumaric acid coupled addition treated. The results revealed that, relative to control, efficiency in reduction of methanogenesis was as follows: coupled addition > SLS-addition > fumaric acid addition. Both SLS-addition and SLS-fumaric acid coupled addition demonstrated a decremental effect on ammonia nitrogen (NH(3)-N), total short chain volatile fatty acids (SCVFAs) concentrations and the amount of substrate degraded, and an increment effect on microbial mass and microbial yield (Y(ATP)). Nevertheless, fumaric acid did not alter any of the previously mentioned parameters but induced a decremental effect on NH(3)-N. Furthermore, both fumaric acid and SLS-fumaric acid coupled addition increased propionate at the expense of acetate and butyrate, while, defaunation increased acetate at the expense of propionate and butyrate. The pH value was decreased by all treatments relative to control, while, cellulase activity did not differ by different treatments. The current study can be promising strategies for suppressing ruminal methane emissions and improving ruminants feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Abdl-Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Effects of purified lignin on in vitro ruminal fermentation and growth performance, carcass traits and fecal shedding of Escherichia coli by feedlot lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ataşoğlu C, Yurtman IY. In vitro fermentation of different starches by mixed micro-organisms from the sheep rumen. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2007; 91:419-25. [PMID: 17845249 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2006.00670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation characteristics of wheat, rye, maize and triticale starches by mixed micro-organisms from the sheep rumen were determined in an in vitro experiment. Starch was incubated with ruminal fluid for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h and various fermentation variables were determined. The rates of fermentation of the starches were not different (p > 0.05) from each other except for 2 and 4 h of incubation. Likewise, net ammonia production, sugar utilization, microbial biomass and the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis did not differ between the starches (p > 0.05). The proportions of sugar utilized were similar between the starches and approximately 75% of the starches were fermented during the 12-h incubation. The 12-h net concentrations of individual and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were affected (p < 0.05) by the type of starch. The concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate and that of total VFA from wheat, maize and triticale incubations were higher (p < 0.05) than those from rye incubation. The results suggest that the type of starch subject to investigation had no measurable effects on fermentation variables determined in this study except for individual and total VFA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ataşoğlu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
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