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Velásquez AV, da Silva GG, Sousa DO, Oliveira CA, Martins CMMR, Dos Santos PPM, Balieiro JCC, Rennó FP, Fukushima RS. Evaluating internal and external markers versus fecal sampling procedure interactions when estimating intake in dairy cows consuming a corn silage-based diet. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5890-5901. [PMID: 29680654 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Feed intake assessment is a valuable tool for herd management decisions. The use of markers, either internal or external, is currently the most used technique for estimating feed intake in production animals. The experiment used 10 multiparous Holstein cows fed a corn silage-based diet, with 55:45 forage-to-concentrate ratio, the average fecal recovery (FR) of TiO2 was higher than FR of Cr2O3, and both FR were more than unity. With internal markers, acetyl bromide lignin and cutin FR were lower than unity, and average FR for indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) was 1.5. The FR was unaffected by the fecal sampling procedure and appears to be an intrinsic property of each molecule and how it interacts with digesta. Of the 2 external markers, only Cr2O3 produced accurate fecal output (FO) estimates and the same happened to dry matter digestibility (DMD) when iNDF and iADF were used. Estimates for DMD and FO were affected by sampling procedure; 72-h bulk [sub-sample from total feces collection (TFC)] sampling consistently produced accurate results. The grab (sub-samples taken at specific times during the day) sampling procedures were accurate when using either of the indigestible fibers (iNDF or iADF) to estimate DMD. However, grab sampling procedures can only be recommended when concomitant TFC is performed on at least one animal per treatment to determine FR. Under these conditions, Cr2O3 is a suitable marker for estimating FO, and iNDF and iADF are adequate for estimating DMD. Moreover, the Cr2O3+iADF marker pair produces accurate dry matter intake estimates and deserves further attention in ruminant nutrition studies. The method of dosing the external markers is extremely important and greatly affects and determines results. Whichever the method, it must allow the animals to display normal feeding behavior and not affect performance. The grab sampling procedures can replace TFC (once FR is established), which may open new possibilities for pasture-based or collectively housed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Velásquez
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias, 225-Pirassununga, SP 13630-900, Brazil.
| | - G G da Silva
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias, 225-Pirassununga, SP 13630-900, Brazil
| | - D O Sousa
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias, 225-Pirassununga, SP 13630-900, Brazil
| | - C A Oliveira
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias, 225-Pirassununga, SP 13630-900, Brazil
| | - C M M R Martins
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias, 225-Pirassununga, SP 13630-900, Brazil
| | - P P M Dos Santos
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias, 225-Pirassununga, SP 13630-900, Brazil
| | - J C C Balieiro
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias, 225-Pirassununga, SP 13630-900, Brazil
| | - F P Rennó
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias, 225-Pirassununga, SP 13630-900, Brazil
| | - R S Fukushima
- Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias, 225-Pirassununga, SP 13630-900, Brazil
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Zagorakis K, Liamadis D, Milis C, Dotas V, Dotas D. Nutrient digestibility and in situ degradability of alternatives to soybean meal protein sources for sheep. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Morais J, Berchielli T, de Vega A, Queiroz M, Keli A, Reis R, Bertipaglia L, Souza S. The validity of n-alkanes to estimate intake and digestibility in Nellore beef cattle fed a tropical grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). Livest Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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