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The Effect of Different Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculants on Silage Quality, Phenolic Acid Profiles, Bacterial Community and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristic of Whole Corn Silage. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Corn silage is an important source of forage, but whether or not bacterial inoculants should be applied is somewhat controversial in ruminant feeding practice. In the present study, chopped whole corn plants treated with a single inoculant of Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP) served as either homofermentation (e.g., lactate only) or heterofermentation (e.g., lactate and acetate) controls and compared with those treated with either a mixture of the lactic acid bacteria (QA: 60% LP, 10%PP, 30% LB) or a mixture of the lactic acid bacteria (QB: 60% LP, 15% PP, 25% LB), to investigate their effects on the fermentation quality, ester-linked phenolic acids, and in vitro digestibility. After 60 day ensiling, the addition of QA exhibited the lowest pH (3.51) with greater lactic acid (LA) production. The ester-linked ferulic acid (FAest) and p-coumaric acid (pCAest) concentrations were significantly decreased during 60 days ensiling. And among all these groups, the LB and QA treated group showed a lower concentration of FAest and pCAest than other groups. After 60 days ensiling, Lactobacillus was the dominant genus in all LAB treated groups. Meanwhile, negative correlations of Bacillus, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, and Roseburia with FAest content after 60 days ensiling occurred in the present study. Komagataeibacter was mainly found in LB and PP addition silages, and presented a significant negative effect with the level of acid detergent fiber (ADF). To explore whether the addition of LABs can improve digestibility of whole corn silage, an in vitro rumen fermentation was conducted using the 60 day ensiled whole corn silages as substrates. The QA addition group exhibited a greater 48 h and 96 h in vitro dry matter and ADF disappearance, greater 48 h gas production and less methane emissions. Even though there were the same neutral NDF levels in corn silages treated with LB and QA after 60 days ensiling, the QA treated silages with lower FAest and pCAest presented higher IVDMD after 96 h and 48 h in vitro fermentation. In brief, the addition of mixed inoculants of 60% LB,10% PP, 30% LB compared with the addition of whichever single HoLAB or HeLAB inoculants, facilitated the release of ester-linked phenolic acids (e.g., ferulic and p-coumaric acids) and remarkably, improved silage quality in terms of sharp pH decline and greater lactate production. Taken together with the improvement in rumen microbial fermentation, the results obtained in the present study provided concrete evidence for the role of mixed LAB application in corn silage preparation for ruminant feeding practices.
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Zhao J, Shao T, Chen S, Tao X, Li J. Characterization and identification of cellulase-producing Enterococcus species isolated from Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) rumen and their application in various forage silages. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1102-1112. [PMID: 33484057 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cellulase-producing Enterococcus species isolated from the rumen of Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) were characterized, and their combined effects on the silage quality of various forages were studied. METHODS AND RESULTS The two isolated strains with high cellulolytic potential were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (EF85) and E. faecium (EF83) by 16S rRNA sequencing. Both EF85 and EF83 could grow well at 15-55°C, pH 3·0-6·0 and in 3·0-6·5% NaCl. The cellulase secreted by EF85 and EF83 showed good stability at temperatures from 20 to 45°C and pH from 4·5 to 7·0. A commercial inoculant (CLP), a commercial cellulase (CE) and the two cellulolytic strains (EF85 + EF83) were added to whole-crop corn, sweet sorghum and Napier grass ensiling for 120 days respectively. In Napier grass silage, all inoculants significantly increased lactic acid content and ratio of lactic to acetic acid and decreased pH, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen contents. The acid detergent fibre and cellulose contents in EF85 + EF83 treatment were significantly lower than those in the other treatments. In whole-crop corn and sweet sorghum silages, all additives had no significant effect on the fermentation quality, while CE and EF85 + EF83 markedly enhanced cellulose degradation and increased free sugar content. CONCLUSION The combined inoculation of the cellulolytic strain EF85 and EF83 to various forages reduced the fibre content of the resulting silages. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Few studies involved inoculation of silage with Enterococcus species in different forage types. The isolated cellulolytic strains of E. faecalis EF85 and E. faecium EF83 could be a great alternative for commercial inoculants and enzymes in silage production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Tao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Saylor BA, Fernandes T, Sultana H, Gallo A, Ferraretto LF. Influence of microbial inoculation and length of storage on fermentation profile, N fractions, and ruminal in situ starch disappearance of whole-plant corn silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang S, Li J, Dong Z, Chen L, Shao T. Effect of microbial inoculants on the fermentation characteristics, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility of various forages. Anim Sci J 2018; 90:178-188. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of GrassCollege of Agro‐grassland ScienceNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of GrassCollege of Agro‐grassland ScienceNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of GrassCollege of Agro‐grassland ScienceNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of GrassCollege of Agro‐grassland ScienceNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of GrassCollege of Agro‐grassland ScienceNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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Oliveira AS, Weinberg ZG, Ogunade IM, Cervantes AA, Arriola KG, Jiang Y, Kim D, Li X, Gonçalves MC, Vyas D, Adesogan AT. Meta-analysis of effects of inoculation with homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and the performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:4587-4603. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ellis JL, Hindrichsen IK, Klop G, Kinley RD, Milora N, Bannink A, Dijkstra J. Effects of lactic acid bacteria silage inoculation on methane emission and productivity of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:7159-7174. [PMID: 27372595 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inoculants of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used to improve silage quality and prevent spoilage via increased production of lactic acid and other organic acids and a rapid decline in silage pH. The addition of LAB inoculants to silage has been associated with increases in silage digestibility, dry matter intake (DMI), and milk yield. Given the potential change in silage and rumen fermentation conditions accompanying these silage additives, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LAB silage inoculants on DMI, digestibility, milk yield, milk composition, and methane (CH4) production from dairy cows in vivo. Eight mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were grouped into 2 blocks of 4 cows (multiparous and primiparous) and used in a 4×4 double Latin square design with 21-d periods. Methane emissions were measured by indirect calorimetry. Treatments were grass silage (mainly ryegrass) with no inoculant (GS), with a long-term inoculant (applied at harvest; GS+L), with a short-term inoculant (applied 16h before feeding; GS+S), or with both long and short-term inoculants (GS+L+S). All diets consisted of grass silage and concentrate (75:25 on a dry matter basis). The long-term inoculant consisted of a 10:20:70 mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis, and Lactobacillus buchneri, and the short-term inoculant was a preparation of Lc. lactis. Dry matter intake was not affected by long-term or short-term silage inoculation, nor was dietary neutral detergent fiber or fat digestibility, or N or energy balance. Milk composition (except milk urea) and fat and protein-corrected milk yield were not affected by long- or short-term silage inoculation, nor was milk microbial count. However, milk yield tended to be greater with long-term silage inoculation. Methane expressed in units of grams per day, grams per kilogram of DMI, grams per kilogram of milk, or grams per kilogram of fat and protein-corrected milk yield was not affected by long- or short-term silage inoculation. However, CH4 expressed in units of kilojoules per kilogram of metabolic body weight per day tended to be greater with long-term silage inoculation. Results of this study indicate minimal responses in animal performance to both long- and short-term inoculation of grass silage with LAB. Strain and dose differences as well as different basal silages and ensiling conditions are likely responsible for the lack of significant effects observed here, although positive effects have been observed in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ellis
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands; Centre for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, ON, Canada.
| | | | - G Klop
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands
| | - R D Kinley
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands
| | - N Milora
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Bøge Allé 10-12, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - A Bannink
- Wageningen UR Livestock Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands
| | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 AH, the Netherlands
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Cieslak A, Zmora P, Pers-Kamczyc E, Stochmal A, Sadowinska A, Salem AZ, Kowalczyk D, Zbonik P, Szumacher-Strabel M. Effects of Two Sources of Tannins (QuercusL. andVaccinium Vitis IdaeaL.) on Rumen Microbial Fermentation: anin VitroStudy. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ellis J, Bannink A, Hindrichsen I, Kinley R, Pellikaan W, Milora N, Dijkstra J. The effect of lactic acid bacteria included as a probiotic or silage inoculant on in vitro rumen digestibility, total gas and methane production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Khaing K, Loh T, Ghizan S, Jahromi M, Halim R, Samsudin A. Profiling of Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Population Changes in Goats Fed with Napier Grass Supplemented with Whole Corn Plant Silage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajas.2016.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jalc D, Váradyová Z, Lauková A. Effect of inoculated corn silage enriched with sunflower oil on rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:78-84. [PMID: 20355015 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some rumen isolates are able to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from linoleic acid (LA) in vitro. Effects of providing diets containing corn silage (CS) and lucerne hay to an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) in which the corn was not inoculated (CS), or inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 4000 (CS + LP), Lactobacillus fermentum LF2 (CS + LF) or Enterococcus faecium CCM 4231 (CS + EF) and supplied with sunflower oil (SO; 30 g kg(-1); w/w) on rumen metabolism were examined. RESULTS The SO affected the outputs of all fatty acids. TVA output of uninoculated CS with SO was lower as compared to inoculated CS. The interaction of the CS x SO in the daily output of TVA was detected (P < 0.001). The biohydrogenation of oleic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic and total fatty acids was influenced by SO (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Inoculated silage induces changes in the rumen metabolism which might be related to differences observed in the extent of rumen BH of PUFA in RUSITEC. SO supplementation might positively enhances the production of some rumen intermediates; however, relationships between inoculated silages and oil supplementation can be presumed in the daily production of trans-vaccenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Jalc
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltésovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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