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Influence of Cellulase or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the Ensiling Performance and Bacterial Community in Mixed Silage of Alfalfa and Leymus chinensis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020426. [PMID: 36838391 PMCID: PMC9964000 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum or cellulase on the fermentation characteristics and bacterial community of mixed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., AF) and Leymus chinensis (LC) silage. The harvested alfalfa and Leymus chinensis were cut into 1-2 cm lengths by a crop chopper and they were thoroughly mixed at a ratio of 3/2 (wet weight). The mixtures were treated with no addition (CON), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP, 1 × 106 cfu/g fresh material), cellulase (CE, 7.5 × 102 U/kg fresh material) and their combination (LPCE). The forages were packed into triplicate vacuum-sealed, polyethylene bags per treatment and ensiled for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 30 d at room temperature (17-25 °C). Compared to the CON groups, all the additives increased the lactic acid content and decreased the pH and ammonia nitrogen content over the ensiling period. In comparison to the other groups, higher water-soluble carbohydrate contents were discovered in the CE-inoculated silages. Compared to the CON groups, the treatment with LPCE retained the crude protein content and reduced the acid detergent fiber content. The principal coordinate analysis based on the unweighted UniFrac distance showed that individuals in the AF, LC, CON and LPCE treatment could be significantly separated from each other. At the genus level, the bacterial community in the mixed silage involves a shift from Cyanobacteria_unclassified to Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus dominated in all the treatments until the end of the silage, but when added with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, it was more effective in inhibiting undesirable microorganisms, such as Enterobacter, while reducing microbial diversity. By changing the bacterial community structure after applying Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and cellulase, the mixed silages quality could be further improved. During ensiling, the metabolism of the nucleotide and carbohydrate were enhanced whereas the metabolism of the amino acid, energy, cofactors and vitamins were hindered. In conclusion, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the mixed silage increased with the addition of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and cellulase, which also improved the fermentation quality.
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Zhao M, Wang Z, Du S, Sun L, Bao J, Hao J, Ge G. Lactobacillus plantarum and propionic acid improve the fermentation quality of high-moisture amaranth silage by altering the microbial community composition. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1066641. [PMID: 36620031 PMCID: PMC9811146 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1066641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and propionic acid (PA) on the microbial community and fermentation performance of high-moisture amaranth silage. Methods Amaranth silages were rown without addition (AhGCK) as a control and with L. plantarum JYLP-002 (AhGLP) or propionic acid (AhGPA) and then were opened after 60 days of ensiling to determine the microbial community and fermentation quality. Results Crude protein (CP) content, lactic acid (LA) content, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts were significantly higher in AhGLP and AhGPA compared with those in AhGCK (p < 0.05). In contrast, pH, acetic acid (AA) content, and yeast and aerobic bacteria counts were significantly lower in AhGLP and AhGPA compared with those in AhGCK (p < 0.05). In addition, propionic acid (PA) levels were markedly higher in AhGPA (p < 0.05). In terms of microbial communities, the silage in the additive groups showed an increased relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lentilactobacillus buchneri and a reduced relative abundance of Enterobacter cloacae and Clostridium tyrobutyricum. The abundance of Xanthomonas oryzae was significantly increased in AhGPA, but completely inhibited in the silage supplemented with L. plantarum. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Levilactobacillus brevis were positively associated with LA and negatively associated with pH. Conversely, Clostridium tyrobutyricum and Enterobacter cloacae were negatively associated with LA, but positively associated with pH and AA content. AA content was inversely correlated with Lentilactobacillus buchneri. Functional prediction analysis showed that LAB dominated the three groups of silage and the silages containing additives had improved carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism compared with the control silage; in particular, the AhGLP group had more heterotypic fermentation processes and a richer metabolic pathway. Furthermore, the epiphytic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lentilactobacillus buchneri could inhibit the reproductive activity of undesirable microorganisms to a certain extent, thus slowing the spoilage process of the silage. Conclusion In conclusion, L. plantarum can improve fermentation characteristics by modulating the microbial community attached to high-moisture amaranth silage and will prove useful for preserving high-moisture silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqier Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuai Du
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Jian Bao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Gentu Ge,
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Cheng Q, Li M, Fan X, Chen Y, Sun H, Xie Y, Zheng Y, Chen C, Li P. Effects of epiphytic and exogenous lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality and microbial community compositions of paper mulberry silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:973500. [PMID: 36090070 PMCID: PMC9453674 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.973500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from various sources and evaluate their effects on the nutritional quality, fermentation characteristics, and microbial compositions of paper mulberry (PM) after 60 days of ensiling. Forty-nine LAB strains were isolated from Phalaris arundinacea silage, pickle, and fresh PM leaves; three of these strains (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, YC1; Levilactobacillus brevis, PC3; and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, BP17) and one commercial inoculant Gaofuji (GFJ) were subsequently used. Compared with other treatments, PC3 and BP17 increased (P < 0.05) the LAB count and crude protein content and decreased (P < 0.05) the molds and coliform bacteria counts, pH, and ammonia-N content of PM silages. BP17 and PC3 increased the relative Lactiplantibacillus abundance and decreased that of Lelliottia and Cladosporium, improving PM silage quality. Therefore, PC3 and BP17 can improve the fermentation quality of PM silage and could be used as silage starter cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Maoya Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xueying Fan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yixiao Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yulong Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Li,
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Wu B, Hu Z, Wei M, Yong M, Niu H. Effects of inoculation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lentilactobacillus buchneri on fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and microbial community dynamics of wilted Leymus chinensis silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:928731. [PMID: 35966710 PMCID: PMC9372395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leymus chinensis is an important crop that can be fed to ruminants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lentilactobacillus buchneri in fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and dynamics of wilted L. chinensis silage microorganisms. Wilted L. chinensis silages were ensiled with/without L. plantarum and L. buchneri. After 14 and 56 days of ensiling, the silos were opened and subjected to a 7-day aerobic deterioration test. This study looked at the composition of fermentation products as well as the microbial communities in silage. Silage inoculated with L. plantarum and L. buchneri had an increased lactic acid content as well as lactic acid bacterial (LAB) quantity, but a decrease in pH and levels of butyric acid, 2,3-butanediol, and ethanol was observed during ensiling. Non-treated and L. plantarum-treated silages deteriorated in the 7-day spoilage test after opening day-14 silos, whereas L. buchneri-inoculated silage showed no signs of deterioration. Lactobacillus abundance increased in the 7-day spoilage test after opening day-56 silos, while undesirable microorganisms such as Acetobacter, Bacillus, and molds, namely, Aspergillus and Penicillium were inhibited within L. plantarum- and L. buchneri-inoculated silages. The composition of fermentation products was related to the bacterial community, particularly Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Acetobacter. To summarize, L. plantarum- and L. buchneri-inoculated silage enhanced fermentation quality during ensiling and inhibited aerobic spoilage in a 7-day spoilage test of 56 days ensiling within wilted L. chinensis silage.
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Effects of lactic acid bacteria with bacteriocinogenic potential on the chemical composition and fermentation profile of forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sustainable Use of Legume Residues: Effect on Nutritive Value and Ensiling Characteristics of Maize Straw Silage. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritive value, in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD), and ensiling characteristics of legume foliage–maize straw silages. For silage, the proportion of legume to maize was 20%:80% (maize–lablab (ML), maize–indigenous cowpea (MI), maize–Betswit (MB), and maize–Dr Saunders (MD)). Maize alone (M) was used as a control, making up five treatments. Silages were opened after 45 days, and samples were taken for chemical composition, IVDMD, and fermentation characteristics analysis. Other samples were put through a seven-day aerobic stability test. All data were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance, in a completely randomized design (CRD). For the nutritive value of the silage, the ML had the highest (p < 0.05) crude protein (CP) content, when compared with other silages. Maize–Betswit had the lowest (p < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content, when compared with other silages. The lowest (p < 0.05) ether-extract (EE) and hemicellulose content was recorded for MI silage. The lowest (p < 0.05) pH was recorded for maize silage. All silages had similar (p > 0.05) amounts of lactic acid (LA), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), yeast, and mould counts. The MI had the lowest (p < 0.05) carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, when compared with other silages. The highest (p < 0.05) IVDMD was recorded for ML silage, from 24 h up to 72 h. The addition of legumes in maize straw resulted in improved silage quality and fermentation characteristics.
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Characterization of Green Manure Sunn Hemp Crop Silage Prepared with Additives: Aerobic Instability, Nitrogen Value, and In Vitro Rumen Methane Production. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunn hemp (SH, Crotalaria juncea, L.) is a tropical multiple-purpose legume. The green manure SH (GMSH) crop might display protein ecology in sustaining ruminants; however, its silage features remain unclear. To efficiently prepare GMSH crop silage, additive treatments consisting of control (no additive, CON), molasses (MO), Acremonium cellulase (AC), and Lactobacillus casei TH14 strain inoculant (TH14) were implemented using a completely randomized design. Repeated measurements were done after silage (AE conditions) in a small-scale silo system for 120 days and after aerobic instability (AE + AIS conditions). Briefly, ensiling loss and aerobic stability ranged from 150 to 175 g/kg and 8.3 to 104 days, respectively. In AE conditions, the pH ranged from 4.33 to 5.74, and MO or AC was desirable (p < 0.01) for lactic acid fermentation. AC reduced the fiber contents. MO increased soluble non-protein nitrogen by decreasing insoluble nitrogen. TH14 increased the ammonia nitrogen level and in vitro methane production. In AE + AIS conditions, AC led to more air damage to the chemical compositions and reduced digestibility in vitro. The results show that an optimization of additives could effectively modify GMSH crop silage to make it a good protein roughage source; however, more studies are required for effectively feeding ruminants.
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Aloba TA, Corea EE, Mendoza M, Dickhoefer U, Castro-Montoya J. Effects of ensiling length and storage temperature on the nutritive value and fibre-bound protein of three tropical legumes ensiled alone or combined with sorghum. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kang J, Tang S, Zhong R, Tan Z, Wu D. Alfalfa Silage Treated With Sucrose Has an Improved Feed Quality and More Beneficial Bacterial Communities. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:670165. [PMID: 34721310 PMCID: PMC8548770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa silage is one of the main roughages in the production of dairy cow, which can provide nutrition with high quality to improve milk quality and production. Sucrose additions have been widely used to improve the silage quality. In this study, the effects of sucrose on the fermentation quality and bacterial communities of alfalfa silage were investigated here using 0, 0.5, and 1% sucrose ensiling treatments for 15, 30, and 60 days. The ensiling time significantly decreased the crude fiber content and increased the ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid content, and the relative abundance of Enterococcus in the silages. The 1% sucrose-treated silage at 60 days had the lowest neutral detergent fiber acid, acid detergent fiber, and crude fiber content and the highest relative feed value. Moreover, sucrose-treated silage contained less acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, and had a lower pH than the controls for each duration. Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, and Enterococcus were the dominant genera in all groups, and the relative abundance of Enterococcus and Lactobacillus was higher in the 1% sucrose-treated group than in the control. These results suggested that sucrose supplementation could improve alfalfa silage quality and increase its beneficial bacterial content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhe Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhong
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Duanqin Wu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crop, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Wang S, Li J, Zhao J, Dong Z, Dong D, Shao T. Silage fermentation characteristics and microbial diversity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to exogenous microbiota from temperate grasses. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:204. [PMID: 34677690 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the microbiological factors that cause the difference in silage fermentation characteristics between grass and legume. Specifically, the effects of epiphytic microbiota from alfalfa, oat and Italian ryegrass on ensiling characteristics and microbial community of alfalfa were assessed. By γ-ray irradiation sterilization and microbiota transplantation technology, the sterile alfalfa was inoculated as follows: (i) aseptic water (STAL); (ii) epiphytic bacteria from alfalfa (ALAL); (iii) epiphytic bacteria from oat (ALOT); (iv) epiphytic bacteria from Italian ryegrass (ALIR). Alfalfa at the initial flowering stage was ensiled in laboratory-scale silos for 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days. Compared with ALAL and ALIR, higher lactic acid contents and ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid, and lower acetic acid, propionic acid, ethanol and ammonia nitrogen contents were observed in ALOT after 60 days of fermentation. In each treated group, Lactobacillus was the most dominant genus after 60 days of ensiling. Relatively higher abundance of Weissella, Hafnia-Obesumbacterium, Enterobacteriaceae or hetero-fermentative Lactobacillus was found in ALAL and ALIR after 60 days. Co-occurrence network analysis proved Pediococcus and Lactococcus were pivotal in deciding the fermentation pattern of alfalfa silage. According to the 16S rRNA gene-predicted functional profiles, the metabolism of amino acids was inhibited by the epiphytic microbiota from oat. Overall, ALOT showed a homo-fermentative process, whereas ALAL and ALIR exhibited a hetero-fermentative pattern. Furthermore, the exogenous microorganisms inhibiting the metabolism of amino acids can be a good potential source to improve the silage quality of legume forage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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You S, Du S, Ge G, Wan T, Jia Y. Microbial Community and Fermentation Characteristics of Native Grass Prepared Without or With Isolated Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Mongolian Plateau. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:731770. [PMID: 34659159 PMCID: PMC8517267 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the native grass and naturally fermented silage from the Mongolian Plateau. The effect of selected strains on bacterial community and quality of native grass silage was also studied. Strains XM2, 265, and 842 could grow normally at 15°C–30°C, pH 4.0–8.0, and NaCl 3 and 6.5%; they were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Latilactobacillus graminis, by sequencing 16S rRNA, respectively. The three strains (XM2, 265, and 842) and one commercial additive (L) were used as inoculants and singularly added to the native grass. Compared to the control, the dry matter content was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in L and XM2 groups. The water-soluble carbohydrate content was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in control than in other groups. Compared with the control, the crude protein and ammonia nitrogen contents were significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower in the LAB-treated groups, and the acid and detergent fiber contents were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the L and XM2 groups than those in other groups. There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in the pH value, lactic acid content, and lactic acid-to-acetic acid ratio in L and XM2 groups than in other groups. Compared with the control, the number of LAB was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in LAB-treated silages, whereas no significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed in yeast and aerobic bacteria in all groups. Compared to the control, the Shannon index was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. Simpson and Chao1 were significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Principal coordinate analysis based on the unweighted UniFrac distance showed clear separation of the bacterial community in fresh materials and LAB-treated silages. Besides, compared to the control, the principal coordinate analysis of LAB-treated silages was also separate. After 30 days of fermentation, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased and was the primary phylum in all silages. Compared with the control, the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteriawas significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower in L and XM2 groups. In contrast, no significant differences were observed among control, 265, and 842 groups. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, Pediococcus, and Weissella was increased and dominated the native grass fermentation. Compared with the control, the abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in L, XM2, and 842 groups, while no significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed between the control and 265 groups. The abundance of Pediococcus was higher than that in other groups. Consequently, the results demonstrated that LAB significantly influenced silage fermentation by reconstructing microbiota, and Lactobacillus was the dominant genus in the native grass silages. Furthermore, the results showed that strain XM2 could effectively improve the silage quality, and it is considered a potential starter for the native grass silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan You
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuai Du
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Isolation, identification and utilization of lactic acid bacteria from silage in a warm and humid climate area. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12586. [PMID: 34131227 PMCID: PMC8206206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from silages and their application to improve the fermentation quality of alfalfa. Forty-nine LAB strains were isolated from silages, and two strains were screened for growth and acid production rates. Then two strains were selected for Physiological and morphological tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. They were Gram-positive and Catalase-negative and were able to grow at pH 3.5 and at 45 °C, were unable to grow different NaCl concentrations as 3.0% and 6.5%. Strain BDy3-10 was identified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, while TSy1-3 was identified as L. buchneri. The selected strains were evaluated on fermentation of alfalfa silage. The highest crude protein content occurred in the BDy3-10 treatment group. The contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in the TSy1-3 treatment were significantly lower than other treatment (P < 0.05). Compared to the control treatment, inoculation treatments deceased pH during ensiling (P < 0.001) and provided the most increased lactic acid content after ensiling for 10 days (P < 0.001). The acetic acid contents of all the inoculation groups were significantly increased (P < 0.001) during ensiling, and were lower than that of control group (P < 0.001). So, the TSy1-3 treatment most effectively improved the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage in warm and humid climate area.
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Dynamics of Fermentation Parameters and Bacterial Community in High-Moisture Alfalfa Silage with or without Lactic Acid Bacteria. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061225. [PMID: 34200084 PMCID: PMC8226466 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to gain deeper insights into the dynamics of fermentation parameters and the bacterial community during the ensiling of high-moisture alfalfa. A commercial lactic acid bacteria (YX) inoculant was used as an additive. After 15 and 30 days of ensiling, the control silage (CK) exhibited a high pH and a high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N); Enterobacter and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium were the dominant genera. At 60 d, the pH value and the concentration of NH3-N in CK silage increased compared with 15 and 30 d, propionic acid and butyric acid (BA) were detected, and Garciella had the highest abundance in the bacterial community. Compared with CK silage, inoculation of YX significantly promoted lactic acid and acetic acid accumulation and reduced pH and BA formation, did not significantly reduce the concentration of NH3-N except at 60 d, and significantly promoted the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of Garciella and Anaerosporobacter, but did not significantly inhibit the growth of Enterobacter and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium. In conclusion, high-moisture alfalfa naturally ensiled is prone to rot. Adding YX can delay the process of silage spoilage by inhibiting the growth of undesirable microorganisms to a certain extent.
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Zhao C, Wang L, Ma G, Jiang X, Yang J, Lv J, Zhang Y. Cellulase Interacts with Lactic Acid Bacteria to Affect Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community, and Ruminal Degradability in Mixed Silage of Soybean Residue and Corn Stover. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020334. [PMID: 33525728 PMCID: PMC7912217 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase (CE) on the fermentation quality, rumen degradation rate and bacterial community of mixed silage of soybean residue (SR) and corn stover (CS). The experiment adopted a single-factor experimental design. Four treatment groups were set up: the control group (CON), lactic acid bacteria treatment group (LAB), cellulase treatment group (CE) and lactic acid bacteria + cellulase treatment group (LAB + CE). Among them, the amount of added LAB was 1 × 106 CFU/g, and the amount of added CE was 100 U/g. After 56 days of mixed silage, samples were taken and analyzed, and the chemical composition, fermentation quality, rumen degradation rate and microbial diversity were determined. The results showed that the pH of each treatment group was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of CON, while the lactic acid and ammoniacal nitrogen contents of each treatment group were significantly higher than that of CON, with the highest contents in the LAB + CE group. The contents of DNFom (Ash-free NDF), ADFom (Ash-free ADF) and DM in the LAB + CE group were significantly lower than those in the CON group, while the content of crude protein (CP) was significantly higher than that in the CON group. The in situ effective degradation rates of DM (ISDMD), DNF (ISNDFD) and CP (ISCPD) were all significantly (p < 0.05) higher in each treatment group than in the control group. The results of principal component analysis showed that the bacterial composition of the LAB, CE and LAB + CE groups was significantly different from that of the CON group (p < 0.05). Bacterial genus level analysis showed that the content of lactic acid bacteria was significantly higher in the LAB + CE group than in the other treatment groups (p < 0.05), while the content of undesirable bacteria was significantly lower than in the other treatment groups. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus and/or cellulase in mixed silage of SR and CS could effectively improve the quality of mixed silage fermentation, rumen degradation rate and microbial diversity, with better results when Lactobacillus and cellulase were added together, which provides new ideas for better application of SR and CS in dairy production.
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OLIVEIRA JFA, JAKELAITIS A, CABRAL FILHO SLS, SILVA CJD, GUIMARÃES KC, PEREIRA LS, SOUSA GDD, OLIVEIRA GSD. Silage quality from intercropping corn and soybean managed with inoculant Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402122092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Intercropping grass and soybeans can promote beneficial effects on the productivity of the explored area due to the better soil nitrogen utilization and protein concentrate savings through the use of mixed silage. This study aimed to evaluate the bromatological quality, digestibility, and fermentation profile of silage produced by intercropping corn and soybean. Eight treatments were tested by combining inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization applied to corn intercropped in rows alternated with soybean. Corn and soybean monocultures were also tested. The morphological compositions of soybean and corn plants in the mass of the ensiled material were determined. After crushing, the material was ensiled in PVC tubes for 60 days, and the silage quality was determined after fermentation. Treatments did not affect the morphological composition of soybean and corn plants in the ensiled material from intercropping. The proportions of soybean leaves, stems, and pods represented less than 5% of the total ensiled mass of intercropping. On the other hand, the morphological composition of corn plants was high, similar to that of monoculture. Thus, the silage from intercropping showed similar quality standards to that of corn monoculture, and the bromatological composition, digestibility, pH, energy content, and profile of organic acids were suitable for good quality silage.
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Effects of Chopping Length and Additive on the Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability in Silage of Leymus chinensis. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of the chopping length and additive on the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability in silage of Leymus chinensis. L. chinensis was chopped to 1–2 cm and 4–5 cm, and immediately ensiled with the three treatments, i.e., 2% sucrose (fresh weight basis; SU), 1 × 105 cfu/g Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) or 1 × 105 cfu/g LP plus 2% sucrose (SU+LP). Silage treated with distilled water served as the control. After silage processing for 30 and 90 d, the fermentation quality of L. chinensis silage was evaluated. The composition of the fermentation products and the pH value in the silage were determined at 1, 3, 5 and 7 d after opening the silo. The results showed that in L. chinensis silage there was a lower pH value, higher lactic acid content and better aerobic stability at the 1–2 cm length than those at the 4–5 cm (p < 0.001). When the chopping length was 4–5 cm, the addition of either LP or SU+LP increased the content of lactic acid and acetic acid, and decreased the pH value and butyric acid content, compared to those of the control and SU treatment (p < 0.001). Furthermore, combination treatment of SU+LP performed better than LP alone, and the aerobic stability time of L. chinensis silage at 4–5 cm without any additives was the worst. In conclusion, enhanced fermentation quality and aerobic stability can be obtained by processing L. chinensis silage with the shorter length. When the L. chinensis is cut longer, e.g., 4–5 cm in this study, LP or SU+LP could be used as an effective method to improve the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of L. chinensis silage.
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Wang Y, Zhou W, Wang C, Yang F, Chen X, Zhang Q. Effect on the ensilage performance and microbial community of adding Neolamarckia cadamba leaves to corn stalks. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1502-1514. [PMID: 32449595 PMCID: PMC7415371 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To comprehensively evaluate the fermentation performance and microbial community of corn stalks (CS) silage mixed with Neolamarckia cadamba leaves (NCL), CS were ensiled with four levels (0%, 10%, 30% and 50% of fresh weight) of NCL for 1, 7, 14, 30, 60 days in two trials. The results showed that all silages were well preserved with low pH (3.60-3.88) and ammonia nitrogen content (0.08-0.19% DM). The silage samples with NCL displayed lower (P < 0.05) acetic acid, propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen contents and lactic acid bacteria population during ensiling than control silages (100% CS). The addition of NCL also influenced the distribution of bacterial and fungal communities. Fungal diversity (Shannon's indices were 5.15-5.48 and 2.85-4.27 in trial 1 and trial 2 respectively) increased while the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Leuconostocs, Acetobacter and two moulds (Aspergillus and Fusarium) decreased after added NCL. In summary, mixing NCL is a promising effective approach to preserve protein of CS silage and inhibit the growth of undesirable bacteria and mould, thus to improve the forage quality to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Dong M, Li Q, Xu F, Wang S, Chen J, Li W. Effects of microbial inoculants on the fermentation characteristics and microbial communities of sweet sorghum bagasse silage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:837. [PMID: 31964930 PMCID: PMC6972861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is a promising raw material for silage fermentation due to its high residual nutritive, but the efficient fermentation strategy of SSB has not been reported yet. This study evaluated the effects of microbial inoculant on the fermentation quality, chemical composition and microbial community of SSB silage. The silage inoculated with isolated lactic acid bacteria (LpE) achieved better fermentation than that of commercial inoculant A, B (CIA, CIB) and untreatment, including low pH value, high levels of lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content, which demonstrated that the LpE inoculant could contribute to the preservation of nutrition and the manipulation of fermentation process of SSB. In addition, the results of microbial community analysis indicated that the LpE inoculant significantly changed the composition and diversity of bacteria in SSB silage. After ensiling, the LpE inoculated silage were dominated by Lactobacillus(95.71%), Weissella(0.19%). These results were of great guiding significance aiming for high-quality silage production using SSB materials on the basis of target-based regulation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyin Dong
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China.
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, 197 dingxi South Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Jihong Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Rd., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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Kiggundu M, Kabi F. Effect of wilting organic pineapple by-products and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) foliage inclusion on silage fermentation and its nutritive value. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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He L, Zhou W, Wang C, Yang F, Chen X, Zhang Q. Effect of cellulase and Lactobacillus casei on ensiling characteristics, chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and digestibility of mulberry leaf silage. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9919-9931. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Nascimento Agarussi MC, Gomes Pereira O, Paula RAD, Silva VPD, Santos Roseira JP, Fonseca E Silva F. Novel lactic acid bacteria strains as inoculants on alfalfa silage fermentation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8007. [PMID: 31142784 PMCID: PMC6541639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of new strains of lactic acid bacteria on alfalfa silage fermentation were evaluated. The experiment was performed using a completely randomized design (with three replicates) based on a 6 × 6 factorial assay with 6 inoculants (I): Control (CTRL), Commercial inoculant (CI), Lactobacillus pentosus 14.7SE (LPE), Lactobacillus plantarum 3.7E (LP), Pediococcus pentosaceus 14.15SE (PP), and Lactobacillus plantarum 3.7E + Pediococcus pentosaceus 14.15SE (LP + PP), and six fermentation periods (P): 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. Alfalfa was wilted for 6 h in the field, which increased the dry matter content to 368 g/kg as fed. The CP and yeast population decreased during the fermentation process. Silage inoculated with the PP strain had the lowest pH values beginning at 14 d of fermentation and the lowest acetic acid concentration on the last day of fermentation. New strains more efficiently regulated enterobacteria and mold populations at days 56 and 28, respectively. Silages inoculated with the PP strain had a higher coefficient of in vitro dry matter digestibility than LP silages. All of the tested novel strains resulted in positive effects on at least one chemical property of the silage during the fermentation process. However, the adding of P. pentosaceus can be indicated as the better for silage quality considering the tested treatments in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Odilon Gomes Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, Brazil.
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Gao JL, Wang P, Zhou CH, Li P, Tang HY, Zhang JB, Cai Y. Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of corn stover during field exposure and their fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with microbial additives. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1854-1863. [PMID: 31010973 PMCID: PMC6819684 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To effectively use corn stover resources as animal feed, we explored the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of corn stover during field exposure and the fermentation characteristics of silage prepared with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase. Methods Corn ears including the cobs and shucks were harvested at the ripe stage. The corn stover was exposed in the field under natural weather conditions. Silages were prepared after 0, 2, 4, 7, 15, 30, and 60 d of exposure. Corn stover was chopped into approximately 1 to 2 cm lengths and then packed into 5 liter plastic silos. The ensiling density was 550.1±20.0 g/L of fresh matter, and the silos were kept at room temperature (10°C to 25°C). Silage treatments were designed as follows: without additives (control), with LAB, with cellulase, and with LAB+ cellulase. After 45 d of fermentation, the silos were opened for chemical composition, fermentation quality and in vitro digestion analyses. Results After harvest, corn stover contained 78.19% moisture, 9.01% crude protein (CP) and 64.54% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on a dry matter (DM) basis. During field exposure, the DM, NDF, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of corn stover increased, whereas the CP and water-soluble carbohydrate contents and in vitro digestibility of the DM and CP decreased (p<0.05). Compared to the control silage, cellulase-treated silage had lower (p<0.05) NDF and ADF contents. The pH values were lower in silage treated with LAB, cellulase, or LAB+cellulase, and lactic acid contents were higher (p<0.05) than those of the control. Silage treated with cellulase or LAB+cellulase improved (p<0.05) the in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) compared to that of the control or LAB-treated silage. Conclusion Corn stover silage should be prepared using fresh materials since stover nutrients are lost during field exposure, and LAB and cellulase can improve silage fermentation and IVDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lei Gao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chang Hai Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130600, China
| | - Hong Yu Tang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jia Bao Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8686, Japan
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Sifeeldein A, Wang S, Li J, Dong Z, Chen L, Kaka NA, Shao T. Phylogenetic identification of lactic acid bacteria isolates and their effects on the fermentation quality of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) silage. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:718-729. [PMID: 30288865 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To isolate, screen and identify the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from elephant silage during the process of the fermentation and their effects on the fermentation quality of sweet sorghum silage. METHODS AND RESULTS The isolated strains were identified based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as 16S rRNA analysis. Seven LAB strains were isolated from elephant grass silage. Three strains (Pediococcus acidilactici (AZZ1), Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (AZZ4), L. plantarum subsp. argentoratensis (AZZ7) and one commercial bacteria L. plantarum, ecosyl MTD/1(CB)) were chosen as additives at 6 log colony forming units per gram of fresh sweet sorghum grass in laboratory silos (680 g). Silos for each treatment were opened after 5, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days, respectively. All isolates were characterized as Gram-positive, catalase-negative and grow normally in 6·5% NaCl. The strains AZZ1, AZZ2 and AZZ5, were identified as Pediococcus genus while AZZ3, AZZ4, AZZ6 and AZZ7 were Lactobacillus genus. Compared to the control, all the isolates improved the silage quality of sweet sorghum silage, indicated by significantly (P < 0·05) lower pH and ammonia-nitrogen contents and undesirable micro-organism counts, and higher lactic acid (LA) contents and ratios of lactic acid/acetic acid. During ensiling, AZZ4 performed better among all of inoculants, indicated by significantly (P < 0·05) decreased on pH and ammonia-N contents and higher increased on LA contents. CONCLUSION Strain AZZ4 is recommended as starter culture for sweet sorghum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first time to investigate the effects of LAB isolates from elephant grass silage and use them as additives, which is to find out how LAB inoculants improve the fermentation quality of sweet sorghum silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sifeeldein
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Environmental, Natural Resource and Desertification Research Institute, National Center for Research, Ministry of High Education, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - N A Kaka
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Si H, Liu H, Li Z, Nan W, Jin C, Sui Y, Li G. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri addition on fermentation, bacterial community and aerobic stability in lucerne silage. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the microbial community are closely related to the fermentation of silage. However, how host genetic variation shapes the community structure of the silage microbiota and its metabolic phenotype is poorly understood. The objective of present study was to evaluate the effects of the application of the homo-fermentative Lactobacillus plantarum and hetero-fermentative Lactobacillus buchneri strains to lucerne silage on the fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, and microbial community and their correlations. The three silages treated with L. plantarum or L. buchneri were well preserved and had significantly lower pH values, butyric acid, propionic acid, and ammonia-N concentrations, and significantly higher residual water-soluble carbohydrate, dry matter and lactic acid contents than the controls. The treated groups had more lactic acid bacteria and lower quantities of other bacteria in their microbial communities. Inoculation of lactic acid bacteria influenced the abundances of other bacteria and controlled the silage fermentation characteristics. L. buchneri inhibited the abundance of Enterobacter_ludwigii to increase the crude protein content, L. plantarum improve the neutral detergent fibre content by affecting the abundance of Arthrobacter_sp._Ens13. In conclusion, the application of L. plantarum and L. buchneri improved the quality of lucerne silage fermentation, and L. buchneri resulted in greater improvements after aerobic exposure.
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SILVA LEANDRODDA, PEREIRA OODILONG, SILVA THIAGOCDA, VALADARES FILHO SEBASTIÃOC, RIBEIRO KARINAG, SANTOS STEFANIEA. Intake, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and nitrogen efficiency in sheep fed a tropical legume silage with or without concentrate. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:3551-3557. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820180053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- LEANDRO D. DA SILVA
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brazil
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Chen L, Li J, Dong Z, Yuan X, Shao T. Effects of applying oil-extracted microalgae on the fermentation quality, feed-nutritive value and aerobic stability of ensiled sweet sorghum. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4462-4470. [PMID: 29457650 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A laboratory-silo study was conducted to evaluate the fermentation quality, feed-nutritive value and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage with or without oil-extracted microalgae supplementation. Sweet sorghum was mixed with four microalgae levels (0%, 1%, 2% and 3% on a dry matter basis; control, M1, M2 and M3, respectively) and ensiled for 45 d. Further, the four experimental silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test lasting 7 d. RESULTS All the silages except M3 silage had good fermentative characteristics with low pH and ammonia nitrogen concentrations, and high lactic acid concentrations and favorable microbial parameters. Meanwhile, oil-extracted microalgae supplementation improved the feed-nutritional value of sweet sorghum silage. Fibre (neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin and cellulose) concentrations decreased, while dry matter and crude protein levels markedly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control (69.7 h), treatments M2 and M3 improved the aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage by 43.8% and more than 143% respectively, and decreased the clostridia spore counts during the stage of air exposure. CONCLUSION Sweet sorghum silage produced with 2% oil-extracted microalgae addition was the most suitable for animal use due to the optimal balance of fermentation quality, feed-nutritional value and aerobic stability, which merits further in vivo studies using grazing ruminants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Oliveira A, Bagaldo A, Loures D, Bezerra L, Moraes S, Yamamoto S, Araújo F, Cirne L, Oliveira R. Effect of ensiling gliricidia with cassava on silage quality, growth performance, digestibility, ingestive behavior and carcass traits in lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Abdelnour S, Abd El-Hack M, Ragni M. The Efficacy of High-Protein Tropical Forages as Alternative Protein Sourcesfor Chickens: A Review. AGRICULTURE 2018; 8:86. [DOI: 10.3390/agriculture8060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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da Silva TC, Pereira OG, Martins RM, Agarussi MCN, da Silva LD, Rufino LDA, Filho SCV, Ribeiro KG. Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande silage and concentrate levels in diets for beef cattle. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an15781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ruminal and intestinal digestion, the ruminal fermentation and the performance of beef cattle fed diets containing Stylosanthes silage (StS) and corn silage (CS). The treatments consisted of diets containing StS with different concentrate levels, based on dry matter (DM) (g/kg): 200 (StS-200), 400 (StS-400), 60 (StS-600), and a Control treatment with 600 g/kg CS and 400 g/kg concentrate (CS-400). In Experiment 1, 32 Nellore bulls, 364.28 ± 2.82 kg bodyweight, were distributed in a complete randomised design with eight replicates. Four Holstein × Zebu bulls (average bodyweight of 429 ± 15 kg) were used in Experiment 2, distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Nutrient intake was similar between StS-400 and CS-400 (P > 0.05), however, only StS-600 showed the same intake of total digestible nutrients as CS-400 (P < 0.05). Only the animals fed the StS-600 diet had similar (P > 0.05) average daily gain of carcass in comparison with those fed the Control diet. The StS-200 and StS-400 diets showed lower (P < 0.05) total tract digestibility of DM and crude protein than CS-400 (P < 0.05). Ruminal pH values of StS-200 and SE-400 were higher (P < 0.05) than in CS-400. The StS-600 diet showed a similar productive performance to CS in diets with 600 g/kg of concentrate, highlighting the potential use of this legume in diets for beef cattle in tropical conditions.
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Isolation and molecular identification of lactic acid bacteria from King grass and their application to improve the fermentation quality of sweet Sorghum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 34:4. [PMID: 29204819 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was isolation and molecular identification of lactic acid bacteria from King grass and their application to improve the fermentation quality of sweet Sorghum. Seventy-six strains of LAB were isolated; five strains were selected for Physiological and morphological tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. All five strains grew at different pH 3.5-8.0, different temperature 35, 40, 45, 50 °C and different NaCl concentrations 3, 6.5, 9.5%. Strains HDASK were identified Lactobacillus plantarum and SK3907, SK2A32, SK3A42 and ASKDD Pediococcus acidilactici. Three isolated strains and one commercial strain were added to sweet sorghum. Silage was prepared of four treatments and one control with three replicates as control (SKC, adding 2 ml/kg sterilizing water), L. plantarum commercial bacteria (SKP), L. plantarum (HDASK) isolated from King grass (SKA), P. acidilactici (SK3907) isolated from King grass (SKB) and P. acidilactici (ASKDD) isolated from King grass (SKD). All silage were prepared using polyethylene terephthalate bottles, and incubated at room temperature for different ensiling days. The level of pH, acetic acid, NH3-N, water soluble carbohydrate and butyric acid was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased. Lactic acid, ethanol and propionic acid (PA) was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in treatments compared to control. The dry matter, propionic acid neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber did not significantly (P < 0.05) differ among the treatments but the values were increased and decreased. The number of yeast, mold and LAB were significantly (P < 0.05). It is suggested that the supplementation of LAB could enhanced the fermentation quality of sweet Sorghum silage.
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da Silva JS, Ribeiro KG, Pereira OG, Mantovani HC, Cecon PR, Pereira RC, Silva JDL. Nutritive value and fermentation quality of palisadegrass and stylo mixed silages. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:72-78. [PMID: 28905506 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nutritive value and fermentation quality of palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes) and stylo (Stylosanthes capitata × S. macrocephala cv. Campo Grande) mixed silages were evaluated. The experiment was analyzed in a factorial scheme (5 × 2) in a completely randomized design using increasing levels of stylo (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% on a fresh matter basis) on palisadegrass silages, with and without microbial inoculants (MI). With the increased ratio of stylo in mixed silages, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and lignin content increased in silages. The presence of MI promoted lower DM content, and higher neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein, ADF and lignin content. The acid detergent insoluble nitrogen content and the lactic acid bacteria populations were not affected by treatments. The in vitroDM digestibility was affected by the interaction of levels of the stylo and MI. The pH, NH3 -N/total nitrogen and butyric acid concentrations decreased with increasing levels of stylo. Better nutritive value and quality of fermentation was found in the silage containing higher proportions of this stylo mixed with palisadegrass. The microbial inoculant evaluated did not alter the nutritive value or quality of the fermentation of the silages in this experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Karina G Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Odilon G Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo R Cecon
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Rosana C Pereira
- Fluminense Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Bom Jesus do Itabapoana Campus, Brazil
| | - Janaina de L Silva
- Multidisciplinar Center of Barra, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barra, Brazil
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Zheng M, Niu D, Zuo S, Mao P, Meng L, Xu C. The effect of cultivar, wilting and storage period on fermentation and the clostridial community of alfalfa silage. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1364984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Zheng
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongze Niu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sasa Zuo
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peichun Mao
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuncheng Xu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Determination of Single Sugars, Including Inulin, in Plants and Feed Materials by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Refraction Index Detection. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation3030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The exact and reliable detection of sugar monomers and fructans provides important information for the evaluation of carbohydrate metabolism in plants and animals. Using the HPLC method; a large number of samples and single sugars; with both high sensitivity and selectivity; may be analysed. It was shown that the described method—using a Nucleosil column loaded with Pb2+ ions; a refractive index detector (RID); and HPLC-grade water as the eluent—gives precise and reproducible results regarding the detection of individual sugars in extracts of plants and feed materials. The method can be applied for the detection of sucrose; maltose; lactose; xylose; glucose; galactose; arabinose; fructose; ribose; and mannitol. Furthermore; depending on the plant material; the sugars verbascose; stachyose; and raffinose can be separated. The peaks were well resolved and the reproducibility of the analysis; with 94–108% of recovery (RC) and relative standard deviation (RSD) of up to 5%; was very good. The method was successfully applied to a variety of green forages and samples of sugar beet pulp silages. It is also possible to determine fructan with inulin as a standard; together with the other sugars; or alone by a different protocol and column.
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Zhang Q, Yang H, Yu Z. Effects of sucrose, formic acid and lactic acid bacteria inoculant on quality, in vitro rumen digestibility and fermentability of drooping wild ryegrass ( Elymus nutans Griseb.) silage. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/68802/2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang S, Yuan X, Dong Z, Li J, Guo G, Bai Y, Zhang J, Shao T. Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effects on the silage quality. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:819-827. [PMID: 27764915 PMCID: PMC5411845 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from common vetch, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass on the Tibetan Plateau were characterized, and their effects on the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage were studied. Methods The four isolated strains and one commercial inoculant (G, Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1) were evaluated using the acid production ability test, morphological observation, Gram staining, physiological, biochemical and acid tolerance tests. The five LAB strains were added to Italian ryegrass for ensiling at three different temperatures (10°C, 15°C, and 25°C). Results All isolated strains (LCG3, LTG7, I5, and LI3) could grow at 5°C to 20°C, pH 3.0 to 8.0 and NaCl (3.0%, 6.5%). Strains LCG3, LTG7, I5, and LI3 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, and Lactobacillus casei by sequencing 16S rDNA, respectively. All LAB inoculants significantly (p<0.05) increased lactic acid (LA) contents and ratios of lactic acid to acetic acid, and reduced pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (AN/TN) compared with uninoculated silages at various temperatures (10°C, 15°C, and 25°C). Compared to the commercial inoculant G, I5, and LI3 showed similar effects on improving the silage quality of Italian ryegrass at 10°C and 15°C, indicated by similar pH, LA content and AN/TN. Conclusion All inoculants could improve the silage fermentation quality at various temperatures (10°C, 15°C, and 25°C). At the temperature of 10°C and 15°C, strain I5 and LI3 had similar effects with the commercial inoculant G on improving the silage quality of Italian ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yunfeng Bai
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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da Silva L, Pereira O, da Silva T, Valadares Filho S, Ribeiro K. Effects of silage crop and dietary crude protein levels on digestibility, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen use efficiency, and performance of finishing beef cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li P, Ji S, Hou C, Tang H, Wang Q, Shen Y. Effects of chemical additives on the fermentation quality and N distribution of alfalfa silage in south of China. Anim Sci J 2016; 87:1472-1479. [PMID: 26990603 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to better utilize the last cut alfalfa harvested before killing frost in a high moisture environment, the effects of chemical additives on the quality of alfalfa silage were studied in south of China. The alfalfa was freshly harvested at branching stage, and wilted by dry matter content of about 300 g/kg (fresh matter basis). Silage was prepared by using a small-scale silage fermentation system, where sucrose, potassium citrate, sodium carbonate, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were used as silage additives, and no additives served as control. These silos were stored at ambient temperature (5-20°C), and the silage qualities were analyzed after 120 days of fermentation. All additive treatments affected the chemical composition and N distribution, increased the water-soluble content and crude protein contents, decreased non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content, and enhanced the in vitro ruminal dry matter digestibility (except for sodium carbonate). Silages treated with organic acids were preserved with significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH value, ethanol content and NPN content compared with control. When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and N distribution were considered, the treatment with sucrose or organic acids resulted in high quality of alfalfa silage ensiled before killing frost, with formic acid having the best effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuren Ji
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Hou
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixin Shen
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Silva V, Pereira O, Leandro E, Da Silva T, Ribeiro K, Mantovani H, Santos S. Effects of lactic acid bacteria with bacteriocinogenic potential on the fermentation profile and chemical composition of alfalfa silage in tropical conditions. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1895-1902. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang Q, Wu B, Nishino N, Wang X, Yu Z. Fermentation and microbial population dynamics during the ensiling of native grass and subsequent exposure to air. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:389-97. [PMID: 26950516 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To study the microbial population and fermentation dynamics of large needlegrass (LN) and Chinese leymus (CL) during ensiling and subsequent exposure to air, silages were sampled and analyzed using culture-based techniques and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A total of 112 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were isolated and identified using the 16S rRNA sequencing method. Lactic acid was not detected in the first 20 days in LN silage and the pH decreased to 6.13 after 45 days of ensiling. The temperature of the LN silage increased after approximately 30 h of air exposure and the CL silage showed a slight temperature variation. Enterococcus spp. were mainly present in LN silage. The proportion of Lactobacillus brevis in CL silage increased after exposure to air. LN silage with a higher proportion of Enterococcus spp. and propionic acid concentration did not show higher fermentation quality or aerobic stability than CL silage, which had a higher concentration of acetic acid, butyric acid and increased proportion of L. brevis after exposure to air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baiyila Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishino
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xianguo Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- Institute of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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da Silva T, Pereira O, Agarussi M, da Silva V, da Silva L, Cardoso L, Ribeiro K, Valadares Filho S. Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande silage with or without concentrate in sheep diets: Nutritional value and ruminal fermentation. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ridwan R, Rusmana I, Widyastuti Y, Wiryawan KG, Prasetya B, Sakamoto M, Ohkuma M. Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Diversity of Tropical Grass-legumes Silages. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:511-8. [PMID: 25656192 PMCID: PMC4341100 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Calliandra calothyrsus preserved in silage is an alternative method for improving the crude protein content of feeds for sustainable ruminant production. The aim of this research was to evaluate the quality of silage which contained different levels of C. calothyrsus by examining the fermentation characteristics and microbial diversity. Silage was made in a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments with three replications i.e.: R0, Pennisetum purpureum 100%; R1, P. purpureum 75%+C. calothyrsus 25%;, R2, P. purpureum 50%+C. calothyrsus 50%; R3, P. purpureum 25%+C. calothyrsus 75%; and R4, C. calothyrsus 100%. All silages were prepared using plastic jar silos (600 g) and incubated at room temperature for 30 days. Silages were analyzed for fermentation characteristics and microbial diversity. Increased levels of C. calothyrsus in silage had a significant effect (p<0.01) on the fermentation characteristics. The microbial diversity index decreased and activity was inhibited with increasing levels of C. calothyrsus. The microbial community indicated that there was a population of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. casei, L. brevis, Lactococcus lactis, Chryseobacterium sp., and uncultured bacteria. The result confirmed that silage with a combination of grass and C. calothyrsus had good fermentation characteristics and microbial communities were dominated by L. plantarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Ridwan
- Study Program of Microbiology, Graduate School of Bogor Agricultural University, Campus IPB Darmaga Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia ; Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Iman Rusmana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Campus IPB Darmaga Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
| | - Yantyati Widyastuti
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Komang G Wiryawan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Campus IPB Darmaga Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Prasetya
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Mitsuo Sakamoto
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Moriya Ohkuma
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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Li M, Zi X, Zhou H, Hou G, Cai Y. Effects of sucrose, glucose, molasses and cellulase on fermentation quality and in vitro gas production of king grass silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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43
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Zhang Q, Li X, Zhao M, Yu Z. Isolating and evaluating lactic acid bacteria strains for effectiveness of Leymus chinensis
silage fermentation. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:391-7. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - X.J. Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - M.M. Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Z. Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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Martens SD, Hoedtke S, Avila P, Heinritz SN, Zeyner A. Effect of ensiling treatment on secondary compounds and amino acid profile of tropical forage legumes, and implications for their pig feeding potential. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1107-1115. [PMID: 23983117 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smallholders in the tropics depend on local protein supplements to balance pig diets. Thus, various tropical forage legumes are a potential feeding option. Ensiling allows converting forages into a ready-to-feed-out choice, but the lactic acid fermentation may influence various (anti)nutritional components. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sucrose (SU) and a tropical Lactobacillus plantarum strain (LAB) as ensiling treatments (control, SU, LAB, LAB + SU) on the potential nutrient availability of 10 forage legume species. RESULTS Ensiling commonly reduced antinutritional compounds such as tannins (by 49-84%) and trypsin inhibitory activity (by 74-78%), as well as oxalic acid (by 51-100%). An improved potential absorbability of protein and minerals for pigs is thus inferred. There was no major loss in total amino acids. In general, the species effect was stronger than the treatment effect. A clear effect of the treatments SU, LAB and LAB + SU over all 10 forage species was only observed for oxalic acid, single amino acids and trypsin inhibitory activity. CONCLUSION Ensiling is a viable option to enhance nutrient utilization of tropical forages for pigs. Species-specific treatment of forage legumes is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan D Martens
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Tropical Forages, Cali, Colombia; Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Department of Animal Production, 04886, Köllitsch, Germany
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