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Middelkoop A, Kettunen H, Guan X, Vuorenmaa J, Tichelaar R, Gambino M, Rydal MP, Molist F. Effect of dietary tall oil fatty acids and hydrolysed yeast in SNP2-positive and SNP2-negative piglets challenged with F4 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2060. [PMID: 38267615 PMCID: PMC10808182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Reduction of post-weaning diarrhoea caused by ETEC is a principal objective in pig farming in terms of welfare benefits. This study determined the effects of genetic susceptibility and dietary strategies targeting inflammation and fimbriae adherence on F4-ETEC shedding and diarrhoea in weaned piglets in an experimental challenge model. A DNA marker test targeting single nucleotide polymorphism 2 (SNP2) identified piglets as heterozygous (SNP2+, susceptible) or homozygous (SNP2-, resistant) to developing F4ac-ETEC diarrhoea. A total of 50 piglets, 25 SNP2+ and 25 SNP2-, were weaned at 30 days of age and equally distributed to different treatments (n = 10): Positive control (PC): piglets fed with a negative control diet and provided with colistin via drinking water; Negative control (NC): piglets fed with a negative control diet; Tall oil fatty acids (TOFA): piglets fed with a negative control diet + 1.0 g TOFA/kg feed; Yeast hydrolysate (YH): piglets fed with a negative control diet + 1.5 g YH/kg feed derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and Combination (COM): piglets fed with a negative control diet + 1.0 g TOFA and 1.5 g YH/kg feed. On day 10 post-weaning, all piglets were infected with F4-ETEC by oral administration. Piglets fed with PC, TOFA, YH or COM had a lower faecal shedding of F4-ETEC than NC piglets (P < 0.001), which was also shorter in duration for PC and TOFA piglets than for NC piglets (P < 0.001). Piglets in PC, TOFA, YH and COM had a shorter diarrhoea duration versus NC when classified as SNP2+ (P = 0.02). Furthermore, PC, TOFA and YH piglets grew more than NC and COM piglets in the initial post-inoculation period (P < 0.001). In addition, the level of faecal F4-ETEC shedding and the percentage of pigs that developed F4-ETEC diarrhoea (72 vs. 32%, P < 0.01) following infection were higher, and the duration of F4-ETEC diarrhoea longer (2.6 vs. 0.6 days, P < 0.001), in SNP2+ piglets than in SNP2- piglets, and led to reduced growth performance (P = 0.03). In conclusion, piglets fed with TOFA, YH or their combination, irrespective of their SNP2 status, are more resilient to F4-ETEC infection. Moreover, SNP2+ piglets show a higher level of F4-ETEC shedding and diarrhoea prevalence than SNP2- piglets, confirming an association between SNP2 and F4ac-ETEC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaonan Guan
- Schothorst Feed Research B.V., 8218 NA, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ramon Tichelaar
- Schothorst Feed Research B.V., 8218 NA, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Michela Gambino
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Martin Peter Rydal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Francesc Molist
- Schothorst Feed Research B.V., 8218 NA, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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2
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Fu R, Liang C, Chen D, Tian G, Zheng P, He J, Yu J, Mao X, Luo Y, Luo J, Yu B. Yeast hydrolysate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:44. [PMID: 36932457 PMCID: PMC10021991 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal inflammation is the main risk factor causing intestinal barrier dysfunction and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can trigger inflammatory responses in various eukaryotic species. Yeast hydrolysate (YH) possesses multi-biological effects and is received remarkable attention as a functional ingredient for improving growth performance and promoting health in animals. However, there is still inconclusive on the protective effects of dietary YH supplementation on intestinal barrier of piglets. This study was conducted to investigate the attenuate effects of YH supplementation on inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier injury in piglets challenged with LPS. METHODS Twenty-four piglets (with an average body weight of 7.42 ± 0.34 kg) weaned at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments (12 replications with one pig per pen): a basal diet or a basal diet containing YH (5 g/kg). On the 22nd d, 6 piglets in each treatment were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at 150 μg/kg BW, and the others were injected with the same amount of sterile normal saline. Four hours later, blood samples of each piglet were collected and then piglets were euthanized. RESULTS Dietary YH supplementation increased average daily feed intake and average daily gain (P < 0.01), decreased the ratio of feed intake to gain of piglets (P = 0.048). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection induced systemic inflammatory response, evidenced by the increase of serum concentrations of haptoglobin (HP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Furthermore, LPS challenge resulted in inflammatory intestinal damage, by up-regulation of the protein or mRNA abundances of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and phosphor-nuclear factor-κB-p65 (p-NFκB-p65) (P < 0.01), and down-regulation of the jejunal villus height, the protein and mRNA abundances of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin (OCC; P < 0.05) in jejunal mucosa. Dietary YH supplementation decreased the impaired effects of ACTH, cortisol, HP, IL-1β and diamine oxidase in serum (P < 0.05). Moreover, YH supplementation also up-regulated the jejunal villus height, protein and mRNA abundances of ZO-1 and OCC (P < 0.05), down-regulated the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β and the protein abundances of TNF-α, IL-1β, TLR4 and p-NFκB-p65 in jejunal mucosa in LPS-challenged pigs (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Yeast hydrolysate could attenuate inflammatory response and intestinal barrier injury in weaned piglets challenged with LPS, which was associated with the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Chan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China.,Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Barbosa KA, Genova JL, Pazdziora ML, de Azevedo LB, Wendt GN, Rupolo PE, Rodrigues GDA, Carvalho ST, Costa e Silva LF, Costa LB, Saraiva A, Carvalho PLDO. Effects of combined feed additives in diets to support growth performance and intestinal health profile in nursery piglets. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Hydrolyzed Yeast on Growth Performance, Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Hematology in Growing Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182473. [PMID: 36139332 PMCID: PMC9495054 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to assess the effect of hydrolyzed yeast (HY) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and hematology in growing crossbred Bos indicus cattle. Twenty crossbred beef cattle with an initial body weight (BW) of 142 ± 12 kg were randomly assigned to one of four treatments for 90 d in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) having five blocks based on a homogenous subpopulation of sex and BW. Cattle were fed with a total mixed ration (TMR) and supplemented with HY at 0, 1, 2, and 3 g/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. Supplementation with the HY did not change average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) (p ≥ 0.06). The addition of HY did not adversely affect nutrient intake (p ≥ 0.48), while the digestibility of crude protein (CP) increased quadratically (p= 0.03) in the cattle receiving HY. The addition of HY did not affect rumen pH, but NH3-N concentration increased linearly (p = 0.02) in the cattle. The total volatile fatty acid (total VFA) increased quadratically (p= 0.03) when cattle were fed with HY supplementation. The proportion of acetate decreased cubically (p= 0.03) while propionate increased cubically (p= 0.01), resulting in a decrease in the acetate to propionate ratio (p= 0.01) when cattle were fed with HY supplementation. In addition, acetate was the lowest, but total VFA and propionate were the highest in cattle fed the HY at 2 g/kg DM. Butyrate increased cubically (p = 0.02) with the addition of HY. The protozoal and fungal populations were similar among treatments (p ≥ 0.11), but the bacterial population increased linearly (p < 0.01) with the addition of HY. Supplementation of HY did not influence blood urea nitrogen (BUN), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, or eosinophils (p≥ 0.10). However, monocytes and neutrophils increased linearly (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively) by HY supplementation. In conclusion, supplementation of HY at 2 g/kg DM promotes CP digestibility, rumen fermentation efficiency, and hematology but does not affect the growth performance of growing beef cattle.
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Su W, Gong T, Jiang Z, Lu Z, Wang Y. The Role of Probiotics in Alleviating Postweaning Diarrhea in Piglets From the Perspective of Intestinal Barriers. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:883107. [PMID: 35711653 PMCID: PMC9197122 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.883107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early weaning of piglets is an important strategy for improving the production efficiency of sows in modern intensive farming systems. However, due to multiple stressors such as physiological, environmental and social challenges, postweaning syndrome in piglets often occurs during early weaning period, and postweaning diarrhea (PWD) is a serious threat to piglet health, resulting in high mortality. Early weaning disrupts the intestinal barrier function of piglets, disturbs the homeostasis of gut microbiota, and destroys the intestinal chemical, mechanical and immunological barriers, which is one of the main causes of PWD in piglets. The traditional method of preventing PWD is to supplement piglet diet with antibiotics. However, the long-term overuse of antibiotics led to bacterial resistance, and antibiotics residues in animal products, threatening human health while causing dysbiosis of gut microbiota and superinfection of piglets. Antibiotic supplementation in livestock diets is prohibited in many countries and regions. Regarding this context, finding antibiotic alternatives to maintain piglet health at the critical weaning period becomes a real emergency. More and more studies showed that probiotics can prevent and treat PWD by regulating the intestinal barriers in recent years. Here, we review the research status of PWD-preventing and treating probiotics and discuss its potential mechanisms from the perspective of intestinal barriers (the intestinal microbial barrier, the intestinal chemical barrier, the intestinal mechanical barrier and the intestinal immunological barrier) in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifa Su
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yizhen Wang,
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6
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Sampath V, Han K, Sureshkumar S, Kim IH. Impact of yeast hydrolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, noxious gas emission, blood profile, and meat quality of finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 90 finishing pigs (52 ± 1.46 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments as: TRT1 [CON (basal diet)], TRT2 [CON + 0.05% yeast hydrolysate (YH)], and TRT3 (CON + 0.1% YH) for an 8 wk trial. Each treatment had six replications and five (three gilts and two barrow) pigs per pen. In weeks 4 and 8, YH supplement linearly increased (P < 0.05) body weight. Moreover, average daily gain was also linearly increased (P < 0.05) with YH supplementation in week 4 and the overall trial period. At the end of the trial, apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy was linearly increased in pigs fed YH supplementation. In addition, fecal Lactobacillus counts, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentration, and the lean meat percentage were linearly increased by YH supplementation. Also, YH supplementation elicited a linear reduction on drip loss during days 3, 5, and 7. In summary, dietary yeast hydrolysate supplement positively enhanced the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, Lactobacillus count and reduced the drip loss traits of finishing pig. Thus, we infer that the application of 0.1% S. cerevisiae YH can enhance the growth efficiency of finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetriselvi Sampath
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bio–Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Shanmugam Sureshkumar
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
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7
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Lee JJ, Kyoung H, Cho JH, Choe J, Kim Y, Liu Y, Kang J, Lee H, Kim HB, Song M. Dietary Yeast Cell Wall Improves Growth Performance and Prevents of Diarrhea of Weaned Pigs by Enhancing Gut Health and Anti-Inflammatory Immune Responses. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082269. [PMID: 34438727 PMCID: PMC8388398 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Post-weaning stress can substantially affect performance of weaned pigs as well as overall pig production, and thus, a practical approach is needed to improve their performance by alleviating the stress that can cause intestinal barrier dysfunction of weaned pigs. There are potential ways to solve the concern in swine production, but dietary yeast cell wall in weaner diets may be one possible solution. The results of the present study suggest that dietary yeast cell wall improves growth performance of weaned pigs by enhancing gut health and provide its potential mechanism. Abstract Dietary yeast cell wall products (YCW) are recognized as a feed additive due to multifunctional benefits by the biological response modulators. Thus, this study was conducted to verify a potential advantage of YCW for improving growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health and microbiota of weaned pigs. A total of 112 weaned pigs (7.99 ± 1.10 kg of body weight; 28 days old) were arbitrarily allocated to two experimental treatments with eight pigs (four barrows and four gilts) per pen and seven replicate pens per treatment in a completely randomized block design (block = BW and sex): (1) a basal diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and (2) CON + 0.05% YCW. The experimental period was for 4 weeks. There were no differences in final body weight, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio between dietary treatments. In contrast, pigs fed YCW had higher average daily gain (p = 0.088) and apparent ileal digestibility of DM (p < 0.05) and energy (p = 0.052) and lower diarrhea frequency (p = 0.083) than those fed control diet (CON). Pigs fed YCW also had a higher (p < 0.05) ratio between villus height and crypt depth, villus width and area, and goblet cell counts in the duodenum and/or jejunum than those fed CON. Dietary YCW decreased (p < 0.05) serum TNF-α and IL–1β of weaned pigs on day 7 and 14, respectively, compared with CON. Furthermore, pigs fed YCW had higher (p < 0.05) ileal gene expression of claudin family, occludin, MUC1, INF-γ, and IL-6 and lower (p < 0.05) that of TNF-α than those fed CON. Lastly, there were no differences in the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum level between CON and YCW. However, dietary YCW increased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of genera Prevotella and Roseburia compared with CON. This study provided that dietary YCW improved growth rate, nutritional digestibility, and intestinal health and modified immune responses and intestinal microbiota of weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Jae Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.J.L.); (H.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Hyunjin Kyoung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.J.L.); (H.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Jeehwan Choe
- Department of Beef Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Joowon Kang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.J.L.); (H.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Hanbae Lee
- Pathway Intermediates, Seoul 06253, Korea;
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.B.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.J.L.); (H.K.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.B.K.); (M.S.)
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8
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Sampath V, Han K, Kim IH. Influence of yeast hydrolysate supplement on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, microflora, gas emission, blood profile, and meat quality in broilers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:563-574. [PMID: 34189505 PMCID: PMC8203994 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A total of 1512 Ross 308 broilers (one - day - old) were assigned (random blocks)
to 1of 3 dietary treatments with 28 replicates of 18 chicks/cage. The dietary
treatments were Corn-soybean-meal based basal diet supplemented with 0%, 0.1%,
and 0.2% of commercial yeast hydrolysate (YH [Saccharomyces
cerevisiae]). The graded level of YH supplementation has linearly
increased broilers body weight gain on d 21, 35, and overall (p
= 0.044, 0.029, and 0.036, respectively) experimental period. In addition, the
increased level of YH supplementation has linearly reduced feed conversation
ratio of broilers on d 21, 35, and overall trial period (p =
0.041, 0.052, and 0.032, respectively). However, the feed intake and mortality
of broilers were not affected by the graded level of YH supplementation. Though
nutrient digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.012) and nitrogen
(p = 0.021) was linearly increased in broilers fed YH
supplementation, at the end of the trial it fails to affect the total track
digestible energy. Dietary inclusion of YH supplementation showed a beneficial
effect on the microbial population as linearly improved
lactobacillus (p = 0.011) and reduced
Escherichiacoli counts (p = 0.042). An increasing level
of YH supplementation has tended to decrease NH3 (p
= 0.069) and linearly decrease H2S (p = 0.027) of
noxious gas emission in broilers. Moreover, dietary YH supplements trend to
increase the glucose (p = 0.066) and reduced cholesterol
(p = 0.069) level. At the end of the test, YH
supplementation elicited a linear reduction in drip loss on days 5 and 7,
respectively (p = 0.045, and 0.021). Furthermore, dietary
inclusion of YH supplementation had linearly increased villus height
(p = 0.051) but fails to affect crypt depth. Therefore, in
terms of positive effects on the broiler’s overall performance, we
suggest that dietary supplements containing graded YH levels in the broilers
diet could serve as a potential alternative for growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetriselvi Sampath
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.,Center for Bio Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Fu R, Liang C, Chen D, Yan H, Tian G, Zheng P, He J, Yu J, Mao X, Huang Z, Luo Y, Luo J, Yu B. Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:898-907. [PMID: 33715204 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqi Fu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Luo J, Cheng L, Du Y, Mao X, He J, Yu B, Chen D. The anti-inflammatory effects of low- and high-molecular-weight beta-glucans from Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 in LPS-induced weaned piglets. Food Funct 2020; 11:585-595. [PMID: 31858092 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00627c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical characteristics of beta-glucans determine the immune responses of the intestines and whole body. It is hypothesized that glucans with different molecular weights have diverse modes of action on LPS-mediated immune activity. This study aimed to verify the immune-modulatory effects of two types of beta-glucans in LPS-induced weaned piglets. The results indicated that dietary beta-glucan supplementation could prevent losses in body weight gain caused by LPS challenge. Supplementation with different molecular weights of beta-glucans decreased the production of IL-1β and TNF-α and increased IL-10 production, which is likely associated with key factors such as TLR4 and NF-κB. High-molecular-weight beta-glucans seemed to have a strong functional capacity to modulate the innate immune response through the Dectin-1 receptor. Therefore, the results indicate that supplementing piglets with Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 beta-glucans inhibits LPS-mediated depression in the growth performance and plays a protective role during LPS challenge possibly via the Dectin-1 receptor and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The results reveal the potential therapeutic activity of purified Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 beta-glucan following experimental LPS infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Berto PN, Tse MLP, Ramos DÊRA, Saleh MAD, Miassi GM, Yamatogi RS, Berto DA, Trindade Neto MA. Dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed yeast and its effect on the performance, intestinal microbiota, and immune response of weaned piglets. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20180969. [PMID: 32756838 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020180969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of autolyzed yeast on performance, cecal microbiota, and leukogram of weaned piglets. A total of 96 piglets of commercial line weaned at 21-day-old were used. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four treatments (diets containing 0.0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% autolyzed yeast), eight replicates, and three animals per pen in order to evaluate daily weight gain, daily feed intake, and feed conversion in periods of 0 to 15, 0 to 26, and 0 to 36 days. Quadratic effects of autolyzed yeast inclusion were observed on the feed conversion from 0 to 15 days, on daily weight gain from 0 to 15 days, 0 to 26 days and, 0 to 36 days, indicating an autolyzed yeast optimal inclusion level between 0.4% and 0.5%. No effect from autolyzed yeast addition was observed on piglet daily feed intake, cecal microbiota, and leukogram; however, i.m. application of E. coli lipopolysaccharide reduced the values of total leukocytes and their fractions (neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and rods). Therefore, autolyzed yeast when provided at levels between 0.4% and 0.5% improved weaned piglets' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- PatrÍcia N Berto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos L P Tse
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Rua Dr. José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - DÊnis R A Ramos
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Rua Dr. José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra A D Saleh
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina/CBQF, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, Código Postal 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela M Miassi
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Rua Dr. José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S Yamatogi
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Dirlei A Berto
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Rua Dr. José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, 18610-307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Messias A Trindade Neto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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12
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Elghandour M, Tan Z, Abu Hafsa S, Adegbeye M, Greiner R, Ugbogu E, Cedillo Monroy J, Salem A. Saccharomyces cerevisiaeas a probiotic feed additive to non and pseudo‐ruminant feeding: a review. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:658-674. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.M.Y. Elghandour
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MéxicoEstado de México México
| | - Z.L. Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro‐Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region The Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha China
| | - S.H. Abu Hafsa
- Department of Livestock Research Arid Lands Cultivation Research InstituteCity of Scientific Research and Technological Applications Alexandria Egypt
| | - M.J. Adegbeye
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture Joseph Ayo Babalola University Ilesha Osun State Nigeria
| | - R. Greiner
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering Max Rubner‐InstitutFederal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Karlsruhe Germany
| | - E.A. Ugbogu
- Department of Biochemistry Abia State University Uturu Abia State Nigeria
| | - J. Cedillo Monroy
- Centro Universitario UAEM‐Temascaltepec Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Toluca México
| | - A.Z.M. Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MéxicoEstado de México México
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13
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Fu R, Chen D, Tian G, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, He J, Huang Z, Luo Y, Yu B. Effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus coagulans or yeast hydrolysates on growth performance, antioxidant activity, cytokines and intestinal microflora of growing-finishing pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:366-372. [PMID: 31890913 PMCID: PMC6920390 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus coagulans (BC) and yeast hydrolysates (YH) on growth performance, antioxidant activity, cytokines and intestinal microflora of growing-finishing pigs. Thirty-six barrows (initial BW = 26.87 ± 2.65 kg) were assigned randomly to 3 treatments with 4 replicates, 3 pigs per replicate. Pigs in the control group (CON) were fed a basal diet, and the diets for the other 2 groups were the basal diet plus BC at 200 mg/kg and the basal diet plus YH at 3,000 mg/kg. The trial lasted for 104 d. Compared with CON, YH treatment significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the finishing phase (P < 0.05), and significantly enhanced ADG during the overall period (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of BC tended to increase ADFI during the finishing period (P = 0.08). Compared with CON, BC treatment improved lysozyme (LZM), complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), interlenkin-10 (IL-10) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) level in serum (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of YH enhanced the serum IL-10 level (P < 0.05) and tended to increase T-AOC level (P = 0.06). Dietary inclusion of YH elevated (P < 0.05) the number of Lactobacillus and Bacillus in cecal contents of pigs, promoted the populations of Bifidobacterium and Bacillus in colonic contents. Moreover, the BC diet increased (P < 0.05) the count of Bifidobacterium in colonic contents. These results indicated that dietary BC supplementation is beneficial to improve the immunity. Dietary YH supplementation promoted the growth performance and the populations of beneficial bacteria in the hindgut of the growing-finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqi Fu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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14
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Pan L, Tian Q, Wu Y, Long S, Yin J, Piao X. Yeast extract could be used as a partial substitute for spray-dried porcine plasma in diets for weaned pigs. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Zhao J, Zhang G, Zhou X, Dong W, Wang Q, Xiao C, Zhang S. Effect of Dandelion root extract on growth performance, immune function and bacterial community in weaned pigs. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1548578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingjian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanming Xiao
- Beijing Keepyoung Company, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Keimer B, Pieper R, Simon A, Zentek J. Effect of time and dietary supplementation with processed yeasts (Kluyveromyces fragilis) on immunological parameters in weaned piglets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Jiao P, He Z, Ding S, Walker N, Cong Y, Liu F, Beauchemin K, Yang W. Impact of strain and dose of live yeast and yeast derivatives on in vitro ruminal fermentation of a high-grain diet at two pH levels. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of live yeast (LY) or yeast derivatives (YD) on gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD), fermentation characteristics, and microbial profiles in batch culture. The study was a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement: 2 media pH × 5 yeasts × 4 dosages. An additional treatment of monensin (Mon) was added as a positive control for each pH level. Media pH was low (5.8) and high (6.5); the yeasts were three LY (LY1-3) and two YD (YD4-5); and doses were 0, 4 × 106, 8 × 106, and 1.6 × 107 cfu mL−1 for LY and 0, 15, 30, and 60 mg bottle−1 for YD. Substrate consisted of 10% silage and 90% concentrate (DM basis) and samples were incubated for 24 h. Media pH of 6.5 vs. 5.8, increased (P < 0.01) GP, DMD, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations but decreased (P < 0.01) NH3-N concentration and copy numbers of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Selenomonas ruminantium. Increasing dose of LY2 linearly (P < 0.05) increased DMD. Total VFA concentration was greater with LY2 (P < 0.01) than LY3 and YD5 at pH 6.5. Overall, adding yeast products improved (P < 0.05) DMD at pH 5.8, and increased VFA concentration compared with Mon. These results indicate that in vitro GP and DMD of a high-grain diet varied with source and dose of yeast supplementation. Some yeast products have the potential to improve fermentation of feedlot diets when supplemented at appropriate doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.X. Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, People’s Republic of China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Z.X. He
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
| | - S. Ding
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
| | - N.D. Walker
- AB Vista Feed Ingredients, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, UK
| | - Y.Y. Cong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, People’s Republic of China
| | - F.Z. Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China
| | - K.A. Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
| | - W.Z. Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
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18
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Keimer B, Kröger S, Röhe I, Pieper R, Simon A, Zentek J. Influence of differently processed yeast (Kluyveromyces fragilis) on feed intake and gut physiology in weaned pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:194-205. [PMID: 29385459 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two feeding trials were conducted to investigate the effects of hydrolyzed (HY) or non-hydrolyzed (NHY) yeast (Kluyveromyces fragilis) in isoenergetic and isonitrogeneous diets in the postweaning period. In experiment 1, a total of 550 unsexed pigs (6.5 ± 0.5 kg BW), weaned at 24 ± 2 d of age, were allocated to five treatment groups, receiving either a control diet (CON) or diets with 1%, 3%, and 5% HY (groups HY1, HY3, and HY5, respectively), or a diet with 3% NHY (group NHY3). In experiment 2, a total of 48 male and female pigs (6.2 ± 0.3 kg BW, weaned at d 25) were allocated to three dietary groups (n = 8 replicates with two pigs) receiving a control diet (CON) or diets with 1% NHY or 1% HY. Eight animals were sacrificed 2 wk after weaning for histological investigations in the jejunum and colon, determination of apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and ether extract (EE), and electrophysiological measurements in the jejunal tissue after addition of carbachol or l-glutamine using Ussing chambers. In experiment 1, different treatments had no significant effect on pig performance, but diet HY1 tended to increase ADG and G:F in wk 2 after weaning (P < 0.1). In experiment 2, diet HY1 increased feed intake in wk 2 (P < 0.05), whereas NHY yeast had no effect on feed intake. Villus height, villus/crypt ratio in jejunum (P < 0.05), and crypt depth in colon (P < 0.01) were increased in group HY1. Crypt depth in jejunum and small intestinal length were not affected by different treatments. The AID of CP and EE tended to increase in group HY1 (P < 0.1) compared with groups CON and NHY. In the Ussing chamber experiments, no changes in basal electrophysiological parameters were observed, and the reactions of the treatment groups to carbachol and l-glutamine were comparable. ADFI was positively correlated with different parameters of intestinal morphology (villus height, villus/crypt ratio, crypt depth in colon, length of small intestine), AID of CP, EE, and performance. The results suggest that a supplementation of 1% HY based on K. fragilis to pig diets may positively influence ADFI and intestinal morphology in pig in the early postweaning period (d 1 to 14).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Keimer
- Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Biochem Zusatzstoffe GmbH, D-Lohne, Germany
| | - S Kröger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - I Röhe
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Pieper
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Simon
- Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Liu Y, Espinosa CD, Abelilla JJ, Casas GA, Lagos LV, Lee SA, Kwon WB, Mathai JK, Navarro DM, Jaworski NW, Stein HH. Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2018; 4:113-125. [PMID: 30140751 PMCID: PMC6103469 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of feed additives are marketed to assist in boosting the pigs' immune system, regulate gut microbiota, and reduce negative impacts of weaning and other environmental challenges. The most commonly used feed additives include acidifiers, zinc and copper, prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast products, nucleotides, and plant extracts. Inclusion of pharmacological levels of zinc and copper, certain acidifiers, and several plant extracts have been reported to result in improved pig performance or improved immune function of pigs. It is also possible that use of prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast, and nucleotides may have positive impacts on pig performance, but results have been less consistent and there is a need for more research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | | | | | - Gloria A. Casas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Production, College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Colombia, Bogota 111321, Colombia
| | - L. Vanessa Lagos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Su A. Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Woong B. Kwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John K. Mathai
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | - Hans H. Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Pan L, Zhao PF, Ma XK, Shang QH, Xu YT, Long SF, Wu Y, Yuan FM, Piao XS. Probiotic supplementation protects weaned pigs against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 challenge and improves performance similar to antibiotics. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:2627-2639. [PMID: 28727032 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
These studies evaluated the effects of probiotics (PB) as a potential substitute for antibiotics (AB) on diarrhea in relation to immune responses and intestinal health in weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic (ETEC) K88 (Exp. 1) and the effects of PB on performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, 24 weaned barrows (4.9 ± 0.4 kg initial BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. The treatments consisted of pigs fed an unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet and not challenged (NON-C) or challenged with ETEC K88 (CHA-C) on d 9 and pigs fed the same basal diet supplemented with AB (100 mg/kg zinc bacitracin, 50 mg/kg colistin sulfate, and 100 mg/kg olaquindox; CHA-AB) or 500 mg/kg PB ( and ; CHA-PB) and challenged with ETEC K88 on d 9. In Exp. 2, 108 weaned pigs (7.5 ± 0.9 kg initial BW) not challenged with ETEC K88 were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments, including an AB-free basal diet (CON) and the basal diet with AB (ABD) or 500 mg/kg PB supplementation (PBD). In Exp. 1, after challenge, CHA-C decreased ( < 0.05) ADG and ADFI, whereas CHA-AB and CHA-PB revealed no significant change compared with NON-C. Compared with CHA-C, CHA-AB and CHA-PB improved ( < 0.05) ADG and ADFI and decreased ( < 0.05) the diarrhea incidence in pigs. Mucosal secretory Ig A contents in the jejunum and ileum were greater in CHA-C than in NON-C ( < 0.05) and lower than in CHA-PB ( < 0.05). The diet containing PB alleviated the increase in the endotoxin and diamine oxidase concentration and cecal count ( < 0.05) and the decrease in intestinal villus height, cecal count, and jejunal mucosal occludin protein abundance ( < 0.05). In Exp. 2, dietary supplementation with AB and PB had positive effects on ADG and feed efficiency ( < 0.05). Compared with CON, apparent digestibility of nutrients in PBD was improved ( < 0.05). Collectively, PB supplementation protected the pigs against ETEC K88 infection by enhancing immune responses and attenuating intestinal damage and improved the performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs. Therefore, PB could be a potential effective alternative to AB for ameliorating diarrhea and improving performance in weaned pigs.
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21
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Zhao P, Piao X, Zeng Z, Li P, Xu X, Wang H. Effect of Forsythia suspensa extract and chito-oligosaccharide alone or in combination on performance, intestinal barrier function, antioxidant capacity and immune characteristics of weaned piglets. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:854-862. [PMID: 27758020 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) and chito-oligosaccharide (COS), alone or together, on performance and health status of weaned piglets. The treatments included a basal diet and three diets with 160 mg/kg COS, 100 mg/kg FSE, or 100 mg/kg FSE and 160 mg/kg COS. Supplementation with COS or FSE alone improved (P < 0.01) average daily gain and feed conversion ratio compared with the basal diet in the first 2 weeks. On day 14, COS or FSE supplementation separately produced stronger (P < 0.01) serum total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activities and lower serum endotoxin (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (P < 0.01) concentrations, generated higher (P < 0.01) serum complement 4 concentration, peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation and serum-specific ovalbumin antibody level than the basal diet. No differences in oxidative injury and immunity indices were detected on day 28. The combined FSE and COS produced similar results compared with FSE or COS when given alone. These data indicate FSE or COS can increase performance by modulating intestinal permeability, antioxidant status and immune function in younger pigs. There appears to be similar advantage in feeding the additives in combination over those obtained from feeding them separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikai Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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van Nieuwamerongen SE, Soede NM, van der Peet-Schwering CMC, Kemp B, Bolhuis JE. Development of piglets raised in a new multi-litter housing system vs. conventional single-litter housing until 9 weeks of age. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:5442-54. [PMID: 26641063 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the development until 9 wk of age of piglets raised in either a multi-litter (ML) system or a conventional single-litter (SL) system. The ML system consisted of a multi-suckling system with 5 sows and their litters before weaning, followed by housing in a pen with enrichment in a group of 40 piglets after weaning. In the SL system, piglets were housed with a crated sow before weaning, followed by postweaning housing in groups of 10 littermates in a standard pen. Fifty litters were used in 5 batches and piglets were weaned at 4 wk of age. Preweaning mortality was higher in the ML system than in the SL system (3.22 ± 0.42 vs. 1.52 ± 0.25 piglets per litter, < 0.01), mainly due to crushing before grouping of litters. Litter size at grouping did not differ between systems. ML piglets showed more feed-directed behavior at 2 wk of age (6.80 ± 0.96 vs. 2.35 ± 0.59, < 0.01), suggesting an earlier start of feed exploration, possibly due to social learning from the floor-fed sows and other piglets. Moreover, before weaning, ML piglets showed less damaging oral manipulation (e.g., tail biting) than SL piglets (1.4 ± 0.2 vs. 3.6 ± 0.3 freq/h, < 0.001), which was likely related to the more enriched environment in the ML system. After weaning, ML piglets ate 81% more feed between d 1 and 2 (0.29 ± 0.02 vs. 0.16 ± 0.03 kg/piglet, < 0.01) and had an 82% higher weight gain until d 5 than SL piglets (1.35 ± 0.21 vs. 0.75 ± 0.17 kg, < 0.05) despite a similar weaning weight (ML: 8.4 ± 0.2 kg, SL: 8.3 ± 0.2 kg). Within the first 2 wk after weaning, ML piglets had a lower fecal consistency score (0.27 ± 0.03 vs. 0.39 ± 0.03, < 0.05), indicating a lower occurrence of diarrhea compared with SL piglets. Over the entire 5-wk postweaning phase, ML piglets had a 24% higher weight gain ( < 0.05) and showed more play behavior (4.0 ± 0.3 vs. 2.8 ± 0.3 freq/h, < 0.05) and less damaging oral manipulation (1.8 ± 0.3 vs. 3.5 ± 0.4 freq/h, < 0.01) than SL piglets. These results are probably explained by a combination of the differences in preweaning development, early postweaning performance, and postweaning environment, with a larger and more diverse social group and more physical enrichment in the ML pen. To summarize, provided that preweaning mortality can be reduced, the ML system seems promising for raising robust piglets with better welfare, indicated by a better preweaning behavioral development, improved transition to the postweaning phase, and better postweaning performance.
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Buntyn JO, Schmidt TB, Nisbet DJ, Callaway TR. The Role of Direct-Fed Microbials in Conventional Livestock Production. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2015; 4:335-55. [PMID: 26667362 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation of direct-fed microbials (DFM) as a means to improve the health and performance of livestock has generated significant interest over the past 15+ years. A driving force for this increased interest in DFM is to reduce or eliminate the use of low-dose antibiotics in livestock production. This increased attention toward DFM supplementation has generated an extensive body of research. This effort has resulted in conflicting reports. Although there has been considerable variation in the design of these studies, one of the main causes for this lack of consistency may be attributed to the variation in the experimental immune challenge incorporated to evaluate DFM supplementation. Taking into account the experimental immune challenge, there is strong evidence to suggest that DFM supplementation may have an impact on the immune response, overall health, and performance of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Buntyn
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583; ,
| | - T B Schmidt
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583; ,
| | - D J Nisbet
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, South Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas 77845;
| | - T R Callaway
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, South Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas 77845;
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