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Effects of high-moisture corn preserved with organic acids combined with rapeseed meal and peas on performance and gut microbiota activity of broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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The effects and mechanisms of acids on the health of piglets and weaners – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The rearing of piglets is the most difficult period in the pigs’ production because of their poorly developed digestive system and the low activity of digestive enzymes. Problems in nutrition and stress cause some disorders in the functioning of the digestive system leading to diarrhea and the mortality of piglets. Starting in 2006 in the EU, a total ban on antibiotics in their use as growth promoters was introduced. Since then, new and safe feed additives have been sought in order to replace antibiotics. Organic and inorganic acids as well as their salts were recognized as effective and safe additives. Due to their properties, they can improve feed palatability and digestibility, reduce the buffer capacity of feed, impact the development and functioning of the pig’s digestive system and improve the health and growth parameters. However, the effectiveness of acids is related to their qualitative and quantitative share in the feed additive. In this review, some strategies for using organic acids, their mixtures and also some new multi-component products will be discussed.
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Kierończyk B, Rawski M, Mikołajczak Z, Wachowiak R, Homska N, Józefiak D. A Preliminary Study of Chemically Preserved and High-Moisture Whole Maize ( Zea mays L.) Usage in Pekin Duck Nutrition: Effect on Growth Performance and Selected Internal Organ Traits. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041018. [PMID: 33916534 PMCID: PMC8065844 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Harvested maize grains characterized by high moisture require the use of additional preservation processes to secure against the microbiota. The most commonly used practice is heat-drying, which is energy- and cost-consuming, as well as environmentally unfriendly. Thus, there is a need to omit these harmful techniques and evaluate the usage of wet maize in animal nutrition. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the chemically preserved, high-moisture whole maize grain addition in Pekin duck nutrition on their growth performance and selected internal organ and gastrointestinal tract measurements and digesta pH values. The results of the experiment clearly showed that there is a possibility to partially replace commonly used heat-dry maize with the preserved whole-grain form without an adverse effect on the birds’ performances and selected organ morphometrical parameters. However, due to surprising changes in the pH values in the gizzard and caeca, further investigations, including microbiota analyses, are recommended. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of chemically preserved, high-moisture whole maize grain addition in Pekin duck diets on their growth performance and selected internal organ and gastrointestinal tract measurements and digesta pH values. A total of 300 29-d-old male Pekin ducks were randomly distributed into three dietary treatments using five replicate pens per group and 20 birds per pen. The following treatment groups were applied: CON—basal diet, 5HM—5% of high-moisture, chemically preserved whole maize (HM) inclusion, and 10HM—10% of HM addition. The experiment lasted 21 d. The implementation of 5HM or 10HM did not affect (p > 0.05) the growth performance parameters, selected internal organ weights, and the gastrointestinal tract segment weights and lengths. However, significant changes in terms of the gizzard (p = 0.005), ileum (p = 0.030), and caecal (p < 0.001) digesta pH were observed, especially in the case of the 10HM group, which exhibited the greatest increase in pH in the gizzard and caecal digesta and decrease in the ileal digesta pH. The implementation of whole wet maize may be used in waterfowl diets from 29 d of age. Additionally, chemical preservation can efficiently reduce the cost of maize preparation in duck nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kierończyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (Z.M.); (R.W.); (D.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-691-712-183
| | - Mateusz Rawski
- Laboratory of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Zuzanna Mikołajczak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (Z.M.); (R.W.); (D.J.)
| | - Roksana Wachowiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (Z.M.); (R.W.); (D.J.)
| | - Natalia Homska
- Laboratory of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Damian Józefiak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (Z.M.); (R.W.); (D.J.)
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Betancur C, Martínez Y, Tellez-Isaias G, Avellaneda MC, Velázquez-Martí B. In Vitro Characterization of Indigenous Probiotic Strains Isolated from Colombian Creole Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1204. [PMID: 32679890 PMCID: PMC7401596 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three lactic acid strains were isolated from feces of the native Zungo Pelado breed of pigs (n = 5) and presumably identified as belonging to the Lactobacillaceae family by morphological techniques showing that they were Gram-positive/rod-shaped and catalase- and oxidase-negative. They were then identified by biochemical tests using API 50CHL as Lactobacillus plantarum (CAM6), Lactobacillus brevis (CAM7), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (CL4). However, 16S rRNA identification showed that all three strains were Lactobacillus plantarum. Additionally, all three isolates were able to grow in pH 3 and 4. Interestingly, the growth of the CAM7 strain decreased at pH 5.6 compared to that of the CAM6 strain (p < 0.05), and the growth of the CL4 strain was reduced at pH 7(p < 0.05). All three candidates showed good growth on bile salts (≥0.15%), and CAM6 and CAM7 showed better tolerance at higher concentrations (0.30%). Similarly, all strains tolerated sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations from 2 to 10%. These strains also grew well at all temperatures tested (30, 37, and 42 °C). The CAM6 strain showed in vitro antibacterial activity against selected enteropathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli strain NBRC 102203 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 4.5.12) and commensal bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA-1705D-5 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442) and resistance to all antibiotics except amoxicillin. Further studies to evaluate the effects of these probiotic candidate strains in commercial pigs are currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Betancur
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Yordan Martínez
- Science and Agricultural Production Department, Zamorano University, Francisco Morazán P.O. Box 93, Honduras
| | | | - Mavir Carolina Avellaneda
- Science and Agricultural Production Department, Zamorano University, Francisco Morazán P.O. Box 93, Honduras
| | - Borja Velázquez-Martí
- Departamento de Ingeniería Rural y Agroalimentaria, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Chemically preserved high-moisture corn in the turkey diet does not compromise performance and maintains the functional status of the gut. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lyu Z, Li Q, Zhang S, Lai C, Huang C. Available energy and amino acid digestibility of yellow dent corn fed to growing pigs1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2952-2964. [PMID: 31074782 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the DE and ME as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in corn fed to growing pigs. All corn was yellow dent corn collected from different areas in China. In Exp. 1, 60 crossbred barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 40.7 ± 3.5 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 1 of 10 diets to determine the DE and ME of corns. Diets were formulated to contain 96.8% of 1 of the 10 corn samples and 3.2% of other microingredients. In Exp. 2, 11 crossbred barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire; 30.5 ± 2.3 kg) fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were assigned to a 6 × 11 Youden square design with 6 periods and 11 diets. Diets included a N-free diet based on cornstarch and sucrose and 10 test diets formulated with 96.6% 1 of the 10 corns as the sole source of AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was added to each diet as an indigestible marker for calculating the AA digestibility. On a DM basis, the starch, ether extract (EE), CP, NDF, and ADF contents of corns averaged 74.05% (69.98 to 78.59%), 3.83% (2.04 to 4.73%), 9.63% (7.74 to 10.43%), 10.80% (10.27 to 11.46%), and 2.27% (2.03 to 2.57%), respectively. The CV of EE, CP, and ADF was 22.59, 8.22, and 8.21%, respectively. The DE and ME of corns averaged 4,087 and 3,981 kcal/kg, respectively, and ranged from 3,999 to 4,161 kcal/kg and from 3,898 to 4,067 kcal/kg, respectively. The DE and ME values were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the EE content. Optimal prediction equations of ME were ME = 940.35 + (0.72 × DE) + (21.88 × EE) (R2 = 0.94) or ME = 1,051.50 + (0.82 × DE) - (282.05 × ash) (R2 = 0.99). In Exp. 2, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the SID of Arg, His, Phe, Ala, Pro, Cys, and Tyr. The SID of Lys (average 73.79%), Met (average 87.32%), and Thr (average 80.06%) ranged from 61.45 to 78.47%, from 74.09 to 90.91%, and from 79.19 to 85.79%, respectively. The standardized ileal digestible Met was positively correlated (P < 0.01) with the Met and CP contents. The obtained prediction equations were standardized ileal digestible Met = 31.34 + (3.43 × CP) + (116.04 × Met) and standardized ileal digestible Met = 104.92 + (294.71 × Met) - (7.03 × NDF). In conclusion, sources had an effect on the energy values and ileal digestibility of most AA in corn. The ME can be predicted by the DE combined with either the EE or ash content. The AA concentrations and SID of AA in corn varied largely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Quanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Changhua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chengfei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Wu S, Li T, Niu H, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Duan Y, Sun Q, Yang X. Effects of glucose oxidase on growth performance, gut function, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:828-841. [PMID: 30169708 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to study the effects of glucose oxidase (GOD) supplement on the growth performance, gut function, and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens from 1 to 42 d, and further evaluate the use of GOD as an antibiotic substitution. A total of 525 1-d-old healthy Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to five treatments, including control group, antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) supplement group, and three GOD supplement groups, with seven replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. Growth performance, gut function including digestive ability and gut barrier, and cecal microbiota were determined. Compared with the control group, the increased daily body weight gain, improved meat quality, and enhanced digestive ability that indicated from the nutrients apparent digestibility and digestive enzymes were identified in GOD supplement groups, which could have a similar effect with the AGP supplement. The content of secreted immunoglobulin A and the transepithelial electrical resistance were also increased with the GOD supplement, which indicated an enhanced gut barrier. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene of cecal contents was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. Sequencing data indicated that the Firmicutes phylum, Ruminococcaceae and Rikenellaceae families, Faecalibacterium genus, and F. prausnitzii species were significantly altered. Especially, combined with previous studies, our results indicated that the significantly increased F. prausnitzii, Ruminococcaceae, and Firmicutes could be involved in the effect of GOD on gut function and growth performance of broilers. Our results indicated that dietary GOD supplement could improve the growth performance of broilers in two main ways: by enhancing the digestive function of gut, which concluded from the improved nutrients apparent digestibility and digestive enzyme, and by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacterium, such as F. prausnitzii, Ruminococcaceae, and Firmicutes, which could be further served as an important regulator to improve the growth performance and the gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of animal science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Taohuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huafeng Niu
- Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yufei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yulan Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Effects of dietary supplementation with combinations of organic and medium chain fatty acids as replacements for chlortetracycline on growth performance, serum immunity, and fecal microbiota of weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Long S, Xu Y, Pan L, Wang Q, Wang C, Wu J, Wu Y, Han Y, Yun C, Piao X. Mixed organic acids as antibiotic substitutes improve performance, serum immunity, intestinal morphology and microbiota for weaned piglets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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