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Rivera-Villegas A, Carrillo-Muro O, Rodríguez-Cordero D, Hernández-Briano P, Sánchez-Barbosa OY, Lazalde-Cruz R, Castro-Pérez BI, Plascencia A. Effects of Supplemental Calcium Propionate and Concentrate Level: Growth Performance, Body Fat Reserves, and Health of High-Risk Beef Calves. Vet Sci 2024; 11:336. [PMID: 39195790 PMCID: PMC11359479 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of daily calcium propionate (CaPr) supplementation (0 or 20 g/calf) on growth performance, dietary energetics, body fat reserves, serum metabolites, and hematological responses in high-risk beef calves fed diets with varying (50, 60, or 70%) concentrate (CON) levels. In addition, a cost/income analysis of CaPr supplementation was carried out. Forty-eight crossbred bull calves (152.8 ± 1.56 kg body weight and 5.5 months of age) were involved in a fully randomized experimental design employing a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Calves were allocated (n = 8 per treatment) to individual pens (3.14 × 5.25 m) and were subjected to one of the following treatments during 42 d: No CaPr supplementation in diets containing 50, 60, or 70% CON (NoCaPr + 50, NoCaPr + 60, NoCaPr + 70, respectively) or daily CaPr supplementation dosed at 20 g/calf in diets containing 50, 60, or 70% CON (20CaPr + 50, 20CaPr + 60, 20CaPr + 70, respectively). Non-supplemented calves exhibited decreased dry matter intake (DMI) with increasing CON levels in their diets, while CaPr-supplemented calves displayed the opposite effect (interaction, p = 0.04). In calves fed a lower-CON diet (50%), those supplemented with CaPr showed greater average daily gain (ADG, 20.2%, p = 0.05) and lower DMI (2.2%, p = 0.03), resulting in improved ADG/DMI ratio, dietary energy, and energy retention (24.6, 14.4, and 18%, p < 0.05). These effects diminished when calves received diets with 60 or 70% CON but led to a 14.2% increase in rump fat thickness (p = 0.04). Only in non-supplemented CaPr calves, increasing the level of CON from 50 to 70% in the diet increased ADG (21.2%), decreased DMI (2.2%), and improved the ADG/DMI ratio (22.7%), with no impact on dietary net energy utilization. Non-supplemented calves exhibited an increase in lymphocytes as CON levels rose in their diets, whereas CaPr-supplemented calves showed the opposite effect (interaction, p = 0.05). Supplementation of CaPr decreased total protein (TP, p = 0.03) and albumin (ALB, p < 0.01) serum concentrations, with lower concentrations observed in 20CaPr + 50. CaPr supplementation reduced (p = 0.01) total cholesterol (TCHO) levels. An interaction between CaPr and CON level (p = 0.02) was observed since TCHO levels remained consistently low at higher CON levels. Glucose was decreased with increasing levels of CON (p = 0.02) but not (p = 0.85) for CaPr-supplemented calves. NoCaPr + 50 and NoCaPr + 70 increased (p = 0.05) ALB concentration. Gamma glutamyltransferase levels increased (p = 0.05) with increasing CON levels irrespective of CaPr supplementation. Comparing the profit within the same CON level in the diet, CaPr treatments yielded higher income, with the largest difference in profit observed when CaPr was supplemented at 50% CON level (USD 29 more/calf). In conclusion, CaPr supplementation proves to be an effective strategy for enhancing growth performance and dietary energy among high-risk beef calves, resulting in greater economic returns. The groups that received CaPr demonstrated superior profitability, particularly in calves fed diets with lower CON levels. Under the conditions in which this experiment was carried out, the optimal response occurred when the low-CON diet (50%) was supplemented with CaPr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rivera-Villegas
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, General Enrique Estrada 98500, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (D.R.-C.); (P.H.-B.); (O.Y.S.-B.)
| | - Octavio Carrillo-Muro
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, General Enrique Estrada 98500, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (D.R.-C.); (P.H.-B.); (O.Y.S.-B.)
| | - Daniel Rodríguez-Cordero
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, General Enrique Estrada 98500, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (D.R.-C.); (P.H.-B.); (O.Y.S.-B.)
| | - Pedro Hernández-Briano
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, General Enrique Estrada 98500, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (D.R.-C.); (P.H.-B.); (O.Y.S.-B.)
| | - Oliver Yaotzin Sánchez-Barbosa
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, General Enrique Estrada 98500, Mexico; (A.R.-V.); (D.R.-C.); (P.H.-B.); (O.Y.S.-B.)
| | - Rosalba Lazalde-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Mexico;
| | | | - Alejandro Plascencia
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80260, Mexico;
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Fassah DM, Kang HJ, Beak SH, Jung DJS, Jeong I, Na SW, Yoo SP, Hong SJ, Kim HJ, Haque MN, Lee HJ, Jo C, Baik M. Effects of dietary glycerol supplementation on meat quality, palatability, and lipid metabolism gene expression in the longissimus thoracis of Hanwoo steers. Meat Sci 2023; 198:109093. [PMID: 36608418 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that dietary glycerol supplementation (GS) would affect growth of Hanwoo steers, beef marbling and palatability, and gene expression for lipid uptake and transport and lipogenesis in the longissimus thoracis (LT). Diets with or without 45.2 g daily glycerol supplementation/kg dry matter concentrate were tested in fourteen Hanwoo steers during a 16-week feeding trial. GS did not affect (P ≥ 0.40) the average daily gain or the gain-to-feed ratio. GS increased the LT marbling score (P = 0.01). GS enhanced (P ≤ 0.01) the sensory traits, including the flavor and overall acceptance of the LT. GS tended (0.05 < P ≤ 0.10) to upregulate mRNA levels of fatty acid translocase, lipoprotein lipase, and fatty acid binding protein 4 genes in the LT. These tendencies of upregulated expression of fatty acid uptake and cytosolic transport genes may, in part, contribute to the increased marbling by GS. The increased marbling degree caused by GS may improve palatability including the flavor and overall acceptance of the LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilla Mareistia Fassah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Joong Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyeon Beak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Jin Sol Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhyuk Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Weon Na
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Pil Yoo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jong Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Najmul Haque
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunggi Baik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
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Antonelo D, Beline M, Silva SL, Gómez JFM, Ferreira C, Zhang X, Pavan B, Koulicoff L, Rosa A, Goulart R, Gerrard DE, Suman SP, Schilling W, Balieiro JC. Variations in intramuscular fat content and profile in Angus x Nellore steers under different feeding strategies contribute to color and tenderness development in longissimus thoracis. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle from cattle reared under different finishing regime (grain vs. forage) and growth rate may have divergent metabolic signatures that are reflective of their inherent differences in biochemical processes that may impact its subsequent transformation into high quality beef. Differences in muscle lipid profiles were characterized in Angus x Nellore crossbred steers, using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-profiling, to identify potential metabolic signatures correlated to beef color and tenderness in the longissimus thoracis muscle of cattle fed in either a feedlot- or pasture-based system programmed to achieve either a high or low growth rate. A total of 440 MRMs were significant, which were related mainly to triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine lipids. Distinct clusters between feeding strategies for the lipid dataset were revealed, which affected glycerolipid metabolism (P = 0.004), phospholipid metabolism (P = 0.009), sphingolipid metabolism (P = 0.050) and mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long chain saturated fatty acids (P = 0.073) pathways. Lipid content and profile differed to feeding strategies, which were related to L*, a*, and tenderness. These findings provide a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of lipidomic profiling of beef cattle finished under different feeding strategies and provides a basis for the relationship between lipid content and profiles and beef quality development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wes Schilling
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
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The effect of dietary inclusion of crude glycerin on performance, ruminal fermentation, meat quality and fatty acid profile of beef cattle: Meta-analysis. Res Vet Sci 2021; 140:171-184. [PMID: 34482153 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis was carried to evaluate the effect of the use of crude glycerin in diets for beef cattle on the ruminal fermentation, animal performance, physical and chemical characteristics, and fatty acid profile of meat through meta-analysis. Data from forty-eight peer-reviewed publications with 170 treatments means was included in the data set. The effect glycerin in diet were evaluated by examining the weighted mean differences (WMD) between glycerin treatment (diets with crude glycerin) and control diet (without crude glycerin). Heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression and subgroup analysis using genetic type, treatment period, crude glycerin in the diet (g/kg DM), feed systems (pasture or total mixed ration), and concentrate in the diet (g/kg DM). The inclusion of crude glycerin had no effect on the average daily gain, but increased feed efficiency by 3.15% while reducing subcutaneous fat thickness by 3.13%. Inclusion of crude glycerin reduced meat cholesterol by 9.13%, and total saturated fatty acids by 1.05%, and increased total unsaturated (2.02%), monounsaturated (3.17%) fatty acids. However, it did not affect the concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid and omega-3. Crude glycerin inclusions up to 200 g/kg DM did not promote a negative effect on animal performance, carcass and physical-chemical characteristics of meat, and supported an increase in total monounsaturated (1.73%), oleic acid (12.29 mg) and palmitoleic acid (1.24 mg), while reducing myristic acid (3.08 mg), stearic acid (12.00 mg) in beef cattle meat.
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Araújo Saraiva L, Marques CAT, Bezerra LR, de Araújo MJ, de Freitas NE, Santos CBD, da Torreão JNC, de Morais JS, Dias e Silva TP. Can crude glycerin and environmental conditions of semiarid affect the biological rhythm of ingestive behavior and physiological parameters of lactating goats? BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1583504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Brazil
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Syahniar TM, Andriani M, Ridla M, Laconi EB, Nahrowi N, Jayanegara A. Glycerine as a feed supplement for beef and dairy cattle: A meta-analysis on performance, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and product characteristics. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:419-430. [PMID: 33128302 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of glycerine supplementation at various concentrations on performance, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and product characteristics of beef and dairy cattle in vivo by using a quantitative meta-analysis approach. Meta-analysis was performed by integrating a total of 52 studies from 39 articles and 182 treatments into a database. Data were constructed into an intact database and did not distinguish between beef and dairy cattle, except for the parameters of production performance and product characteristics. Data summarized were analysed by using a statistical meta-analysis that employed a fixed effect of glycerine supplementation level and a random effect of various studies for both beef and dairy cattle. Significance of an effect was stated at the probability level of p < .05, and p < .1 was considered as a tendency of significant. Results revealed that there was a linear decrease on dry matter intake (p < .01) and daily gain (p < .05) of beef cattle with the increasing levels of glycerine supplementation. Glycerine supplementation did not decrease milk production of lactating dairy cows. Molar proportion of acetate in the rumen was decreased (p < .001), whereas propionate and butyrate proportions were increased (both at p < .001) by glycerine supplementation. Generally, glycerine did not change nutrient digestibility except that it reduced fibre digestibility (p < .001). Glycerine supplementation linearly lowered triglyceride and NEFA concentrations (both at p < .05) in the blood serum, but not other blood metabolites. Glycerine tended to linearly increase (p < .1) carcass percentage in beef cattle. Increasing dietary glycerine levels decreased milk fat (p < .01) but elevated milk protein (p < .001). Glycerine tended to increase milk lactose (p < .1) by following a quadratic pattern. The proportion of MUFA was increased quadratically by glycerine supplementation (p < .05), whereas glycerine tended to decrease SFA by following a quadratic pattern (p < .1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo M Syahniar
- Department of Animal Science, Politeknik Negeri Jember, Jember, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Mira Andriani
- Department of Animal Science, Politeknik Negeri Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ridla
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Erika B Laconi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nahrowi Nahrowi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Costa S, Melo L, Resende Neto M, Carvalho J, Ladeira M, Zangeronimo M. Aspectos morfológicos do rúmen, omaso e fígado de tourinhos alimentados com diferentes níveis de glicerina bruta. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - L.Q. Melo
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil
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Pinto ABF, Naves LDP, Lima IG, Garbossa CAP, Silva Júnior SR, Barbosa AMS, Maluf CL, Rosa PV, Zangeronimo MG, Cantarelli VDS, Sousa RV. Metabolism of glycerol in pigs fed diets containing mixed crude glycerin and β-adrenergic agonist. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an18210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The optimised use of mixed crude glycerin (MCG) and ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) in diets for finishing pigs requires a better understanding of glycerol metabolism. Therefore, the present study evaluated the performance, blood parameters, metabolite concentrations in the Longissimus lumborum muscle and the activity of enzymes in the liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue and kidney of pigs fed diets containing MCG and/or RH. According to the initial weight, 64 barrows were distributed in a 4 × 2 factorial design, corresponding to four concentrations of MCG (0, 100, 150, and 200 g/kg) in diets containing 0 or 10 mg/kg of RH. There was no MCG × RH interaction for any of the evaluated parameters (P > 0.05). Moreover, there was no isolated effect of dietary MCG or RH on the weight gain and the blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, creatinine, cortisol and lactate (P > 0.05). There was a higher rate of phosphorylation of glycerol in the liver, stimulation of lipogenesis in adipose tissue and a likely increase in the utilisation of glycerol by muscle fibres in response to an increased concentration of circulating glycerol from the diet (P < 0.05). In contrast, when the diet contained up to 200 g/kg MCG and 10 mg/kg RH, there were indications of a lower utilisation of glycerol for the synthesis of triacylglycerols in muscle, liver and adipose tissue, in addition to increased oxidation of amino acids in the liver followed by improved feed conversion of pigs (P < 0.05).
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