1
|
Morsy TA, Kholif AE, Adegbeye MJ, Olafadehan OA, Gouda GA, Fahmy M, Chahine M. Lupin Seed Supplementation as a Functional Feed Additive: In Vitro Ruminal Gas, Methane and Carbon Dioxide Production, Fermentation Kinetics, and Nutrient Degradability. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2119. [PMID: 39061582 PMCID: PMC11273530 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The inevitable enteric gas emission from ruminants is considered a modern-day problem from an environmental perspective. Addressing this problem requires nutritional approaches such as the use of phytogenic additives in ruminant diets. In this regard, lupin seed (LS) can be a useful additive due to its phytochemical constituents. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seed supplementation as a functional and sustainable feed additive in sheep diet (50:50 concentrate-to-forage ratio) on in vitro gas production (GP; mL/g DM), methane (CH4; mL/g DM) and carbon dioxide (CO2; mL/g DM) emissions, fermentation parameters, and nutrient degradability (g/kg DM incubated). Gas production and CH4 were measured per gram of incubated dry matter (DM), degradable DM (dDM), degradable neutral detergent fiber (dNDF), and degradable acid detergent fiber (dADF). Lupin seeds were included at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2% of the diet. The seeds contained 3.27% essential oils (DM basis), with eucalyptol as the main phytochemical. The highest GP per gram of DM and dDM was observed (p < 0.01) with 2.0% LS supplementation level. While 1.0% LS had the highest GP per gram of dNDF, 0.5% lupin diet had the highest GP per gram of dADF. Asymptotic GP and CH4 emissions linearly and quadratically increased (p < 0.01) with increasing LS level, while lag time decreased. Despite increased CH4 production, the proportion of CH4 in total biogas was lower (p = 0.008) for LS treatments than the control, with the 0.5% LS showing the lowest CH4 proportion. Production of CO2 increased with lupin seed treatments, with 0.5% LS producing the highest proportion (p = 0.027). Degradability of DM, NDF, and ADF was greater (p < 0.01) for the high LS supplementation level, while 0.5% supplementation level decreased ADF degradability. Total short-chain fatty acids, acetic acid, and propionic acid increased (p < 0.05) with LS supplementation level, leading to a reduced acetate:propionate ratio. Rumen pH decreased (p = 0.036) with LS supplementation, while ammonia-N decreased (p = 0.045) and estimated metabolizable energy increased (p < 0.001) linearly. Calculated microbial protein synthesis (p = 0.005) and gas yield (p = 0.047) increased with LS supplementation level. LS supplementation at 2.0% of diet (DM basis) increased GP and CH4 emission (mL/g DM) and enhanced nutrient degradability, suggesting its potential use as a functional feed additive for ruminants when supplemented at a 2.0% level into diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. Morsy
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (T.A.M.); (G.A.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Ahmed E. Kholif
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (T.A.M.); (G.A.G.); (M.F.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Moyòsore J. Adegbeye
- Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Sagbama 561101, Nigeria;
| | | | - Gouda A. Gouda
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (T.A.M.); (G.A.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Mahmoud Fahmy
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (T.A.M.); (G.A.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Mireille Chahine
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, 315 Falls Ave., Twin Falls, ID 83301, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pittaluga AM, Yang F, Gaffney JR, Embree M, Relling AE. Effect of supplementation with ruminal probiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics, plasma metabolites, methane emissions, and the associated rumen microbiome changes in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac308. [PMID: 36592753 PMCID: PMC9831096 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of supplementing beef cattle with a ruminal probiotic consisting of native rumen microbes (NRM; Chordicoccus furentiruminis, Prevotella albensis, and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens) on methane (CH4) emissions, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and plasma metabolites, Angus × SimAngus-crossbred steers (n = 32; 8 per pen) and heifers (n = 48; 12 per pen) with an initial body weight (BW) of 353 ± 64 kg were used in randomized complete block design. Cattle were blocked by sex and BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (2 pens per treatment). Treatments consisted of diets offered for ad libitum intake with (NRM) or without (CON) the inclusion of the ruminal probiotic. Cattle were fed a growing diet for 49 d followed by a ground corn-based diet for 124 ± 27 d until reaching the targeted final BW (635 kg for steers and 590 kg for heifers). Methane emissions were estimated using the GreenFeed system (n = 12 per treatment) prior to trial commencement (baseline; period 1), and on three (2, 3, and 4), and two (5 and 6) different sampling periods throughout the growing and finishing stage, respectively. All data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. For CH4 production (g/d), there was a tendency for an NRM supplementation × period interaction (P = 0.07) where cattle-fed diets with NRM had lower production of methane in periods 3 and 4. Including NRM in the diet decreased CH4 yield (g/kg of dry matter intake (DMI)) by 20%. For CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of average daily gain (ADG)), an interaction (P < 0.01) of NRM supplementation × period occurred. In periods 2 and 3, cattle-fed diets with NRM inclusion had lower CH4 emission intensity than CON cattle. During the 84-d period when all cattle were still on the finishing diet, feeding NRM increased (P = 0.02) ADG and tended to increase (P = 0.10) DMI. At the end of the 84-d period, cattle-fed NRM tended to be heavier (P = 0.06) than CON cattle. Cattle supplemented with NRM required less (P = 0.04) days on feed to reach the targeted final BW. No differences (P ≤ 0.11) were detected for gain-to-feed ratio and carcass characteristics. Cattle-fed NRM had greater abundance of uncultured rumen bacteria that may improve rumen digestion when fed a high grain diet and potentially promote the reduction of enteric CH4 production. Results from this study suggest that daily administration of NRM may be a strategy to mitigate methanogenesis and improve the growth performance of beef cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fan Yang
- Native Microbials, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Alejandro E Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences/Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laporte-Uribe JA. Rumen CO 2 species equilibrium might influence performance and be a factor in the pathogenesis of subacute ruminal acidosis. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 3:1081-1098. [PMID: 32704872 PMCID: PMC7200430 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to explore rumen carbon dioxide (CO2) species equilibrium. Three lactating, fistulated cattle were consecutively exposed to three dietary treatments tailored to produce low rumen pH and increase the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by reducing physically effective neutral detergent fiber (Low peNDF), increasing rumen degradable starch (High RDS) or both (Combined). Under these conditions, high and varied rumen concentrations of the CO2 associated to water or dissolved CO2 (dCO2) were found. The results suggest that the activity of dCO2 and bicarbonate (HCO3−) represents an important component of the rumen environment. Rumen CO2 holdup was associated with high dCO2 and HCO3− activity as well as changes in the viscosity and surface tension of the rumen fluid. All dietary treatments produced low rumen pH, <5.5 for >3 h/d, a condition associated with SARA, but clinical SARA was observed only during CO2 holdup. This pilot study highlights the possible role of CO2 holdup and rumen CO2 species in cattle performance and nutritional diseases. In the future, better estimations of CO2 species might help clarify these findings.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang R, Wang M, Zhang XM, Wen JN, Ma ZY, Long DL, Deng JP, Tan ZL. Effects of rumen cannulation on dissolved gases and methanogen community in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2275-2282. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
5
|
Moate P, Williams S, Jacobs J, Hannah M, Beauchemin K, Eckard R, Wales W. Wheat is more potent than corn or barley for dietary mitigation of enteric methane emissions from dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7139-7153. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Rackwitz R, Gäbel G. Effects of dissolved carbon dioxide on the integrity of the rumen epithelium: An agent in the development of ruminal acidosis. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e345-e352. [PMID: 28608583 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The carbon dioxide released and dissolved in rumen fluid may easily permeate across the epithelial cell membrane. Thus, we hypothesized that CO2 may act as proton carrier and induce epithelial damage under acidotic conditions. Ovine ruminal epithelia were mounted in Ussing chambers under short-circuit conditions. The serosal buffer solution had a constant pH of 7.4 and was gassed either with 100% oxygen or with carbogen (95% O2 /5% CO2 ). The mucosal solution was gassed with either 100% oxygen or 100% carbon dioxide. The mucosal pH was lowered stepwise from 6.6 to 5.0 in the presence or absence of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The transepithelial conductance (Gt ) as an indicator of epithelial integrity and the short-circuit current (Isc ) as an indicator of active electrogenic ion transfer were continuously monitored. At an initial mucosal pH of 6.6, there was no significant difference in Gt between the treatment groups. In the absence of both SCFA and CO2 , Gt remained constant when the mucosal solution was acidified to pH 5.0. In the presence of SCFA, mucosal acidification induced a significant rise in Gt when the solutions were gassed with oxygen. A small increase in Gt was observed in the mucosal presence of CO2 . However, no difference in final Gt was observed between SCFA-containing and SCFA-free conditions under carbon dioxide gassing during stepwise mucosal acidification. The SCFA+proton-induced increase in Gt could also be minimized by serosal gassing with carbogen. Because of the SCFA+proton-induced changes in Gt and their attenuation by CO2 , a protective role for mucosally available carbon dioxide may be assumed. We suggest that this effect may be due to the intraepithelial conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. However, the serosal presence of CO2 at a physiological concentration may be sufficient to protect the epithelia from SCFA+proton-induced damage for a certain period of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Rackwitz
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Gäbel
- Institute for Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Philippeau C, Lettat A, Martin C, Silberberg M, Morgavi D, Ferlay A, Berger C, Nozière P. Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbials on ruminal characteristics, methane emission, and milk fatty acid composition in cows fed high- or low-starch diets. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2637-2650. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|