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Neto JDP, Dubeux JCB, DiLorenzo N, Bretas IL, dos Santos MVF, Ruiz-Moreno M, da Cruz PJR, Santos ERDS, Queiroz LMD, Oduor KT, Vieira MM. Limpograss [ Hemarthria altissima] Silage and Protein Supplementation as an Alternative Feed Option for Growing Heifers in North Florida. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2398. [PMID: 39199932 PMCID: PMC11350849 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Limpograss (Hemarthria altissima) is a warm-season perennial grass that has the potential to feed livestock during scarcity periods. This study evaluated the intake, nutrient digestibility, and animal performance of beef heifers fed 'Gibtuck' limpograss silage combined with different levels of a range cube supplementation. Twenty-four heifers (330 ± 16 kg live weight) were submitted to four different treatments with 6 replicates: (1) control, no supplementation + limpograss silage ad libitum; (2) 1.4 kg of supplement + limpograss silage ad libitum; (3) 2.8 kg of supplement + limpograss silage ad libitum; and (4) 4.2 kg of supplement + limpograss silage ad libitum. The apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein showed a positive quadratic effect with increasing supplementation levels (p = 0.001, p = 0.002, and p < 0.0001, respectively). Overall, the supplement improved diet digestibility and total DM intake but reduced silage intake, indicating a combined effect (substitutive and additive effect) of the protein supplement. The increasing level of protein supplement increased the average daily gain with a quadratic effect (p ≤ 0.0001). Limpograss silage associated with supplementation can improve diet digestibility and increase the animal performance of growing heifers, providing an alternative for livestock in North Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose C. B. Dubeux
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32443, USA; (N.D.); (I.L.B.); (M.R.-M.); (L.M.D.Q.); (K.T.O.); (M.M.V.)
| | - Nicolas DiLorenzo
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32443, USA; (N.D.); (I.L.B.); (M.R.-M.); (L.M.D.Q.); (K.T.O.); (M.M.V.)
| | - Igor L. Bretas
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32443, USA; (N.D.); (I.L.B.); (M.R.-M.); (L.M.D.Q.); (K.T.O.); (M.M.V.)
| | - Mercia V. F. dos Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universiade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil;
| | - Martin Ruiz-Moreno
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32443, USA; (N.D.); (I.L.B.); (M.R.-M.); (L.M.D.Q.); (K.T.O.); (M.M.V.)
| | | | - Erick R. da S. Santos
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada;
| | - Luana M. D. Queiroz
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32443, USA; (N.D.); (I.L.B.); (M.R.-M.); (L.M.D.Q.); (K.T.O.); (M.M.V.)
| | - Kenneth T. Oduor
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32443, USA; (N.D.); (I.L.B.); (M.R.-M.); (L.M.D.Q.); (K.T.O.); (M.M.V.)
| | - Marcelo M. Vieira
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32443, USA; (N.D.); (I.L.B.); (M.R.-M.); (L.M.D.Q.); (K.T.O.); (M.M.V.)
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Effects of substituting sericea lespedeza for lucerne on nutrient digestibility and utilization in feedlot lambs. Small Rumin Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Sunflower Cake from the Biodiesel Industry in the Diet Improves the Performance and Carcass Traits of Nellore Young Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233243. [PMID: 36496764 PMCID: PMC9741455 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the optimal inclusion level of sunflower cake (0, 90, 180, and 270 g/kg total DM) as a partial replacement of soybean meal and corn ground in young bulls' diets by examining nutrient intake and digestibility, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, metabolic serum profile, growth performance, and carcass traits. Thirty-two intact Nellore bulls (BW 374 ± 42.5) were distributed in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted 90 days. The final BW of the animals was 515.25 ± 24.7. There was a linear decrease effect in the intake of DM, crude protein and nonfibrous carbohydrates, eating and rumination efficiency, N-urinary, N-total excretion, and blood urea nitrogen. Sunflower cake did not affect the NDF digestibility, nitrogen (N)-fecal excretion, blood metabolites, Longissimus lumborum muscle area, or subcutaneous fat deposition. There were linear and quadratic effects on the eating and rumination time, microbial protein production and efficiency, gamma-glutamyl transferase and cholesterol serum concentrations, and muscle carcass tissue. There was a quadratic effect on ether extract intake, final BW, and total gain with the inclusion of sunflower cake in the young bull's diet. The replacement of soybean meal and corn ground with sunflower cake at the level of 90 g/kg of DM in the diet of young bulls is recommended because it reduces the DM intake and digestibility, increases microbial protein synthesis and muscle tissue deposition, and consequently improves the performance, feed efficiency, and carcass traits.
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Effects of Circadian Rhythm and Feeding Modes on Rumen Fermentation and Microorganisms in Hu Sheep. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122308. [PMID: 36557561 PMCID: PMC9787331 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms have a biological clock system which is strongly tied to how well an organism digests food and develops. This study aimed to understand the effects of circadian rhythm and feeding modes on rumen fermentation and microorganisms in Hu sheep. Forty-five healthy Hu sheep were randomly divided into three treatment groups of 15 sheep in each group, wherein they were fed the same concentrate and roughage. Under the condition that the nutrient-feeding amount was consistent throughout the day, the concentrate-to-forage ratio was dynamically adjusted during the day and night. Rumen fluid collected after the feeding experiment was used to determine the study parameters; the results showed a connection between rumen fermentation and the circadian clock. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), pH, and NH3-N were significantly influenced by the fermentation duration (p < 0.05). The activities of digestive enzymes also showed a relationship with nutrition and circadian rhythm, and there were differences in the digestive enzyme activities of amylase, lipase, and cellulase (p < 0.05). Dominant microorganisms, such as Saccharomycetes and Mucor, were more abundant in the daytime of the high-concentrate fed group. The correlation among the study objectives was evident from the differences in enzyme activity and microbial diversity among the treatment groups. On the basis of the circadian rhythm characteristics of Hu sheep, changes in the feeding mode of Hu sheep and only adjusting the proportion of concentrate and forage in the morning and evening showed that feeding diets with the high-concentrate ratio in the day significantly reduced rumen PH and increased NH3-N concentration (p < 0.05). Under this feeding pattern, the activities of major digestive enzymes in the rumen, such as amylase and lipase, were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the microbial diversity was also improved.
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Fonseca NVB, Cardoso ADS, Berça AS, Dornellas IA, Ongaratto F, Silva MLC, Ruggieri AC, Reis RA. Effect of different nitrogen fertilizers on nitrogen efficiency use in Nellore bulls grazing on Marandu palisade grass. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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da Silva VP, Pereira OG, da Silva LD, Agarussi MCN, Filho SDCV, Ribeiro KG. Stylosanthes silage as an alternative to reduce the protein concentrate in diets for finishing beef cattle. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Performance, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance and Ingestive Behavior of Young Feedlot Bulls Supplemented with Palm Kernel Oil. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040429. [PMID: 35203137 PMCID: PMC8868393 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vegetable oil can be used to increase energy density in diets; manipulate ruminal fermentation; alter nutrient degradation, digestion and absorption; and improve carcass characteristics and quality. Palm kernel oil (PKO) is extracted from the fruit of the oil palm (Elaeis guineenses), a plant of African origin adapted to tropical regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate PKO as a supplementary fat source in ruminant diets. Thus, two studies were developed to understand the effects of PKO inclusion on performance, ingestive behavior, nutrient digestibility, fermentation parameters and carcass characteristics. The results showed a reduction in dry matter intake with consequent negative effects on digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics due to the dietary inclusion of PKO. However, the addition of the lipid source reduced protozoa counts and the acetate/propionate ratio, important characteristics for reducing ruminal methanogenesis, in further studies. Abstract Vegetable oils can be used to increase energy density in diets; manipulate rumen fermentation; and alter the capacity for degradation, digestion and absorption of nutrients. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate palm kernel oil (PKO) in the diet of confined bulls with the inclusion of 0.0, 11.5, 23.0 and 34.6 g PKO/kg dry matter (DM). The first experiment evaluated nutrient intake, performance, ingestive behavior and carcass characteristics. In the second experiment, steers crossbred with a ruminal cannula were used to evaluate digestibility, nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis, short-chain fatty acid levels and protozoal counts. The results showed that the inclusion of PKO linearly reduced intake in kg/day (DM, crude protein—CP, neutral detergent fiber—NDFap, nonfibrous carbohydrates—NFC and total digestible nutrient—TDN) and digestibility (DM, NDFap and TDN). Ether extract intake increased quadratically with the predicted maximum intake of 15.4 g/kg DM. Regarding ingestive behavior, there was a quadratic increase in rumination time and a quadratic reduction in idle time. Nitrogen balance, nitrogen intake, nitrogen retention, microbial protein production, acetate, butyrate, acetate/propionate ratio and protozoa count showed linear decreases due to dietary PKO inclusion. Regarding the carcass characteristics, linear decreases were observed for the final weight, average daily gain, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, hot carcass yield, cold carcass yield, loin eye area and subcutaneous fat thickness. The inclusion of PKO at up to 34.6 g/kg DM in diets for confined bulls reduces intake, negatively affecting digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics.
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Effects of mixing Stylosanthes conserved as hay or silage with corn silage in diets for feedlot beef cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The results of the use of probiotic strains of microorganisms of the Bacillus family for the correction and formation of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and the impact on metabolism in calves are presented.
The aim of the study. To analyze the effect of probiotics on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract in calves and biochemical parameters of blood in calves up to one month.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted during 2020 in the conditions of Ukrainian farms for cattle breeding. Five experimental groups of five one-week-old calves were formed in each and one control group. Calves were kept separately in the same conditions on the same diet, but with feeding together with colostrum substitute probiotics of five grams per animal: Bacillus amyloliquefaciense, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus. The strains are deposited and produced by “Kronos Agro” Ukraine.
Results. It was found that as a result of studies when feeding calves B. coagulans, B. pumilus and B. mucilaginosus the number of Lactobacillus sp. was 80 % higher than in the control group. The level of opportunistic pathogens in the experimental group with B. coagulans had minimal values. Animals in the group where B. mucilaginosus was given had a higher amount of Candida - up to 300 CFU/g and Enterobacteriaceae – 200 CFU/g; which is 50 % less compared to control groups, but more than in the experiment with B. coagulans. According to the results of biochemical examination of blood serum in calves, the absence of toxic effects of probiotic strains: Bacillus amyloliquefaciense, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus on the internal organs of animals was established.
Conclusions. It was found that the maximum positive effect on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of calves up to 30 days of age had B. coagulans (1×109) when fed at a dose of 5 g per animal. The amount of Lactobacillus sp. was the maximum and reached 800 CFU/g, which is 80 % more than in the control group. At the same time, the level of opportunistic pathogens in the experimental group with B. coagulans had minimal indicators and was: Clostridium by 20 %, Escherichia coli – by 70 %, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Candida – 100 % less than the control.
In the study of biochemical parameters, it was found that the activity of enzymes, protein and glucose levels in the serum of experimental animals fed with B. coagulans were within the physiological norm, indicating a normal metabolic process and no toxic effects.
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The Impact of Feed Supplementations on Asian Buffaloes: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072033. [PMID: 34359160 PMCID: PMC8300117 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Apart from feeding with forages, dietary supplementation with concentrate and rumen bypass fat is one of the feeding strategies to enhance nutrient availability and improve buffalo performance and productivity. This review paper thoroughly discussed the utilization of concentrate and bypass fat as dietary supplementation in buffalo feeding, and discussed the effects on performance, fermentation characteristics and general health of buffaloes to give better insight about the potential and challenges of dietary supplementation in buffalo diet. Based on the literature studies, it can be summarized that supplementation of concentrate and bypass fat in buffaloes may overcome the nutritional problems and improve the growth performance, health status, rumen environment and carcass traits. Abstract With the increase in the global buffalo herd, the use of supplementation in the ruminant feeding has become an important area for many researchers who are looking for an isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet to improve production parameters. In order to improve the performance of the Asian water buffalo, the optimal balance of all nutrients, including energy and protein, are important as macronutrients. Dietary supplementation is one of the alternatives to enhance the essential nutrient content in the buffalo diet and to improve the rumen metabolism of the animal. Researchers have found that supplementation of concentrate and rumen bypass fat could change growth performance and carcass traits without causing any adverse effects on the buffalo growth. Some studies showed that dry matter intake, body condition score and some blood parameters and hormones related to growth responded positively to concentrate and rumen bypass fat supplementation. In addition, changes of feeding management by adding the supplement to the ruminant basal diet helped to increase the profit of the local farmers due to the increased performance and productivity of the animals. Nevertheless, the effects of dietary supplementation on the performance of ruminants are inconsistent. Thus, its long-term effects on the health and productivity of buffaloes still need to be further investigated.
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Effect of Chitosan Inclusion and Dietary Crude Protein Level on Nutrient Intake and Digestibility, Ruminal Fermentation, and N Excretion in Beef Heifers Offered a Grass Silage Based Diet. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030771. [PMID: 33802113 PMCID: PMC8001170 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) use efficiency in beef cattle is low (10-20%), resulting in large amounts of N excreted into the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan inclusion and dietary crude protein (CP) level on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and N excretion in beef heifers. Eight Belgian Blue × Holstein Friesian cross beef heifers (752 ± 52 kg BW) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial design. Factors were dietary CP concentration-high CP, 16% (HP) or low CP, 12% (LP)-and chitosan inclusion-0 or 10 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) offered at 50:50 forage concentrate ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. Apparent total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and CP were reduced (p < 0.001) with chitosan inclusion, whereas offering the HP diets increased apparent total tract digestibility of CP (p < 0.001). Offering the HP diets increased urinary N excretion (p < 0.001), while chitosan inclusion increased N excretion in faeces (p < 0.05). Ruminal pH was increased with chitosan inclusion (p < 0.01). There was a CP × chitosan interaction for rumen ammonia (NH3) concentrations (p < 0.05). Including chitosan in the HP diets increased ruminal NH3 concentration while having no effect on the LP diets. Urinary N excretion was increased with increased levels of CP, but chitosan inclusion increased the quantity of N excreted in the faeces.
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Unnawong N, Cherdthong A, So S. Crude saponin extract from Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers pod meal could modulate ruminal fermentation, and protein utilization, as well as mitigate methane production. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:196. [PMID: 33674897 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to conduct a basic evaluation of the in vitro effect of crude protein (CP) levels in concentrate and a saponin extract from Sesbania graniflora pods meal (SES) on the kinetics of gas, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, protein efficiency uses, and methane (CH4) mitigation. Eight treatments were formed according to a 2 × 4 factorial design in a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor referred to the levels of CP at 14 and 16% on dry matter (DM) basis in the concentrate diet, and the second factor referred to the levels of SES supplementation at 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% of the total substrate on a DM basis. The results showed that S. graniflora pod meal contained 21.73% CP, 10.87% condensed tannins, and 16.20% crude saponins, respectively. Most kinetics of gas as well as cumulative gas were not influenced by the CP levels or SES addition (P > 0.05) except gas production from immediately soluble fraction (a) was significantly different by CP levels. Ammonia-nitrogen concentration of incubation at 4 h was significantly difference based on the CP levels and SES supplementation (P < 0.05). Increasing SES levels significantly (P < 0.05) decreased protozoal population. In vitro digestibility of DM and organic matter was not changed by CP levels or SES addition. Butyrate and acetate to propionate ration were decreased, and propionate was increased when increasing SES dose (P < 0.05), while CP levels did not change total volatile fatty acids and molar portions. The ruminal CH4 concentration was reduced by 44.12% when 0.6% SES was added after 8 h of incubation. Therefore, SES supplementation could enhance protein utilization and improve rumen fermentation particularly lowering CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narirat Unnawong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Sarong So
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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de Moura Zanine A, de Sene OA, de Jesus Ferreira D, Parente HN, de Oliveira Maia Parente M, Pinho RMA, Santos EM, Nascimento TVC, de Oliveira Lima AGV, Perazzo AF, Portela YN, Bandeira DM. Fermentative profile, losses and chemical composition of silage soybean genotypes amended with sugarcane levels. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21064. [PMID: 33273674 PMCID: PMC7713180 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The experiment aimed to evaluate the fermentative and nutritional profile of the silage of four soybean plant genotypes (BRS 333 RR, Pampeanas: C50, C60, and C70) ensiled with levels of sugarcane (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme 4 × 5 (four soybean genotypes and five levels of sugarcane inclusion) with four replicates. Silages with 100% soybean plant presented the highest levels of butyric acid (P < 0.001) and ammoniacal nitrogen (P < 0.047); however, the intermediate addition of sugarcane contributed to lactic fermentation (P < 0.001). Besides, there was a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) for the recovery of dry matter, which ranged from 83.28 to 95.29%, with higher values observed for silage with the same proportions of soybean plant and sugarcane. It was verified that the crude protein content exhibited decreasing linear effects (P < 0.001), varying among 4.60 to 7.48% in the silages. It was concluded that the highest recovery of dry matter, the best fermentation profile, and the highest levels of crude protein and digestibility occurred in the inclusion between 25 and 50% of sugarcane in soybean silage, with the superiority of the C50 soybean genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson de Moura Zanine
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão, MA-230, KM 04, s/nº-Boa Vista, Chapadinha, Maranhão, 65500-000, Brazil.
| | - Orgélio Augusto de Sene
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão, MA-230, KM 04, s/nº-Boa Vista, Chapadinha, Maranhão, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Jesus Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão, MA-230, KM 04, s/nº-Boa Vista, Chapadinha, Maranhão, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Henrique Nunes Parente
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão, MA-230, KM 04, s/nº-Boa Vista, Chapadinha, Maranhão, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Michelle de Oliveira Maia Parente
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão, MA-230, KM 04, s/nº-Boa Vista, Chapadinha, Maranhão, 65500-000, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Mauro Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Thiago Vinicius Costa Nascimento
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão, MA-230, KM 04, s/nº-Boa Vista, Chapadinha, Maranhão, 65500-000, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Fernandes Perazzo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão, MA-230, KM 04, s/nº-Boa Vista, Chapadinha, Maranhão, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Ygor Nascimento Portela
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão, MA-230, KM 04, s/nº-Boa Vista, Chapadinha, Maranhão, 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Danrley Martins Bandeira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Maranhão, MA-230, KM 04, s/nº-Boa Vista, Chapadinha, Maranhão, 65500-000, Brazil
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Berça AS, Cardoso ADS, Longhini VZ, Tedeschi LO, Boddey RM, Berndt A, Reis RA, Ruggieri AC. Methane production and nitrogen balance of dairy heifers grazing palisade grass cv. Marandu alone or with forage peanut. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4625-4634. [PMID: 31588955 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock production systems are an essential agribusiness activity in Brazil, but a critical challenge of Brazilian farmers is to maintain the equilibrium of the ecosystem, using herbage resources efficiently with a minimum impact on the environment. Nitrogen (N) fertilization and the inclusion of forage legumes into tropical grass pastures are management strategies which increase the productivity and nutritive value of pastures and may also affect methane (CH4) production by ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of either fertilizing palisade grass pastures with N or including the forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) into grass pastures on enteric CH4 emission, microbial protein production in the rumen via purine derivatives in the urine, and N balance. Twenty-one nonlactating crossbred dairy heifers were used in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments. The treatments consisted of pastures of palisade grass without N fertilization (control), fertilized with urea (fertilized), and palisade grass mixed with forage peanut (mixed). Seven animals (replications) were used to evaluate dry matter intake, digestibility, CH4 emission, urea, purine derivatives, and volume of urine, and N ingestion and excretion. Four paddocks (replications) were used to measure herbage mass; morphological, botanical, and chemical composition of herbage; and herbage allowance. The CH4 emissions were determined using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique. The efficiency of N utilization (ENU) was calculated using the N balance data. Crude protein (CP) concentration of herbage increased with fertilization or legumes inclusion (P < 0.0001) while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration decreased (P = 0.0355). The leaf allowance was higher in the fertilized treatment (P = 0.0294). Only uric acid excretion increased with N fertilization (P = 0.0204). The ENU was not affected by fertilized or mixed compared to control and averaged 55% (P = 0.8945). The enteric CH4 production was similar between treatments and averaged 129 g/d (P = 0.3989). We concluded that the changes in chemical composition of herbage provided by N fertilization or the inclusion of the legume showed no reduction in enteric CH4 emissions, but the ENU was more significant than previous studies with palisade grass, suggesting that different management strategies might alter the ENU under grazing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa S Berça
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Abmael Da S Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Z Longhini
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | | | - Ricardo A Reis
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Ruggieri
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Abbasi IHR, Abbasi F, Liu L, Bodinga BM, Abdel-Latif MA, Swelum AA, Mohamed MAE, Cao Y. Rumen-protected methionine a feed supplement to low dietary protein: effects on microbial population, gases production and fermentation characteristics. AMB Express 2019; 9:93. [PMID: 31243611 PMCID: PMC6595026 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of different concentration of rumen-protected methionine (RPMet) with a low level of crude protein (CP) using rumen simulation technology on many parameters. The experiment was assigned randomly into four treatments: (1) high protein diet (163.39 g/kg CP) without RPMet (HP); (2) low protein diet (146.33 g/kg CP) without RPMet (LP); (3) low protein diet, supplement with low RPMet (RPMet: 0.11 g/kg) (LPLMet); and (4) low protein diet, supplement with high RPMet (RPMet: 0.81 g/kg) (LPHMet), mixed with 20 g basal diet in each fermenter. Based on National Research Council (NRC) (Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2001) recommendation for dairy ruminants HP diet was formulated as positive normal control and LP as a negative control. Results demonstrated that CP disappearance was found significantly higher (P < 0.05) in supplement groups compared with HP and found similar (P > 0.05) with LP. However, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and gross energy (GE) were found a parallel among supplement groups compared to HP and higher than LP. Furthermore, microbial crude protein, total and short chain fatty acids were found similar in LPHMet and HP and found significantly higher than LPLMet and LP. The R. albus population of LPHMet found parallel to HP and pointedly higher than LP in a solid and liquid fraction. Daily production of ammonia nitrogen, total gas, and methane were higher in HP than LP, LPLMet, and LPHMet. Overall, results concluded that values of digestibility, rumen fermentation, microbial crude protein, and R. albus population were similar of LPHMet to that of HP group. However, production of ammonia-N, total gas, and methane volume were significantly higher in the HP group than LPLMet, LPHMet, and LP groups. In conclusion, rumen-protected methionine is a good feed supplement to low dietary protein in the level of 0.81 g/kg.
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La S, Li H, Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S. Effects of rumen-protected folic acid and dietary protein level on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and hepatic gene expression of dairy calves. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1006-1014. [PMID: 31025785 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) supplementation and dietary protein level on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and hepatic gene expression in calves. Forty Holstein male calves (161 ± 5.7 days of age and 192 ± 5.4 kg of body weight) were assigned to one of four groups in a randomized experimental design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Moderate crude protein (130.1 g CP/kg [MCP] or high crude protein (150.2 g CP/kg [HCP]) diets were fed without (RPFA-) or with 3.6 mg FA (RPFA+) as RPFA per kg dietary dry matter (DM). Calves were fed a total mixed ration with a corn silage to concentrate ratio of 50:50 on a DM basis. The CP×RPFA interaction was not significant for any of the studied variables. The unchanged DM intake, higher average daily gain and lower feed conversion ratio were observed for HCP or RPFA+. Ruminal pH was lower, and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration was higher for HCP or RPFA+. Acetate proportion was higher, and propionate proportion was lower for HCP or RPFA+. As a result, the higher acetate to propionate ratio was observed. Ruminal ammonia N was higher for HCP, but was lower with RPFA supplementation. The higher digestibility of DM, OM, CP and NDF was observed. Blood glucose and insulin were unchanged, but albumin, total protein, GH and IGF-1 were higher. Similarly, the higher hepatic expression of GH, IGF-1, GHR, IGF-1R, PI3K, mTOR and P70S6K was observed for HCP or RPFA+. The results indicated that increasing dietary CP content or supplementation with RPFA promoted growth performance of calves by improving nutrient utilization and up-regulating hepatic expression of gene related to protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShaoKai La
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - WenJie Huo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - YanLi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - CaiXia Pei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - ShuanLin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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Guo W, Guo X, Zhu B, Guo Y, Zhou X. In situ degradation, ruminal fermentation, and the rumen bacterial community of cattle fed corn stover fermented by lignocellulolytic microorganisms. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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SILVA LEANDRODDA, PEREIRA OODILONG, SILVA THIAGOCDA, VALADARES FILHO SEBASTIÃOC, RIBEIRO KARINAG, SANTOS STEFANIEA. Intake, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and nitrogen efficiency in sheep fed a tropical legume silage with or without concentrate. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:3551-3557. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820180053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- LEANDRO D. DA SILVA
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brazil
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He Y, Yu Z, Qiu Q, Shao T, Niu W, Xia C, Wang H, Su H, Cao B. Effects of dietary protein levels and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids on nitrogen mobilization, rumen microbiota and plasma fatty acid composition in Holstein bulls. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Debi MR, Wichert BA, Liesegang A. Method development to reduce the fiber content of wheat bran and rice bran through anaerobic fermentation with rumen liquor for use in poultry feed. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 32:395-404. [PMID: 30208689 PMCID: PMC6409478 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Wheat bran (WB) and rice bran (RB) are the agricultural by-products used as poultry feed in many developing countries. However, their use for poultry feed is limited due to high fiber and the presence of anti-nutritional substances (e.g. β-glucans). The objective of this study was to develop a method to improve the quality of those brans by reducing the fiber content. Methods A two-step fermentation method was developed where the second fermentation of first fermented dry bran was carried out. Fermentation was performed at a controlled environment for 3 h and 6 h (n = 6). The composition of brans, buffer solution and rumen liquor was maintained in a ratio of 1:2:3, respectively. Brans were analyzed for dry matter, crude fiber (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content. Celluloses and hemicelluloses were calculated from the difference of ADF-ADL and NDF-ADF, respectively. Samples were compared by two-factor analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests (p<0.05). Results CF %, ADF % and cellulose tended to decrease and NDF % and hemicellulose content was reduced significantly (p<0.05). After the 1st fermentation step, NDF decreased 10.7%± 0.55% after 3 h vs 17.0%±0.78% after 6 h in case of WB. Whereas, these values were 2.3%± 0.30% (3 h) and 7.5%±0.69% (6 h) in case of RB. However, after the 2nd fermentation step, the decrease in the NDF content amounted to 9.1%±0.72% (3 h), 17.4%±1.13% (6 h) and 9.3%±0.46% (3 h), 10.0%±0.68% (6 h) in WB and RB, respectively. Cellulose and hemicellulose content was reduced up to 15.6%±0.85% (WB), 15.8%±2.20% (RB) and 36.6%±2.42% (WB), 15.9%±3.53% (RB), respectively after 2nd fermentation of 6 h. Conclusion Two-step fermentation process improved the quality of the brans for their use in poultry feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momota Rani Debi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta A Wichert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Liu Q, Wang C, Li H, Guo G, Huo W, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Pei C, Wang H. Effects of dietary protein level and rumen-protected pantothenate on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites and growth performance in beef calves. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/92660/2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Abbasi IHR, Abbasi F, Abd El-Hack ME, Swelum AA, Yao J, Cao Y. Post-ruminal effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation with low protein diet using long-term simulation and in vitro digestibility technique. AMB Express 2018. [PMID: 29523988 PMCID: PMC5845091 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation in the rumen and dietary availability of methionine amino acid have been reported as limiting in dairy ruminants. The aim of the present study was to examine the post-ruminal effects of feeding ruminants different concentrations of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in low crude protein diets using the long-term rumen simulation method (Rusitec) followed by in vitro abomasum and ileum digestibility technique. The experiment contained four treatment groups: (1) high protein, without RPM supplementation (HP); (2) low protein, without RPM supplementation (LP); (3) low protein supplementation with low RPM (LPLM); and (4) low protein supplementation with high RPM (LPHM) mixed per 20 ± 0.04 g basal diet in every fermenter. The results showed that the LPLM and LPHM groups had significantly higher disappearance of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber in the abomasum and ileum than the HP treatment (P < 0.05) and were the same as the LP group (P > 0.05). The proportions of short-chain fatty acids and total volatile fatty acids in the abomasum and ileum were the same between the LPHM and HP groups (P > 0.05); however, the LPLM group was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the HP group and similar to the LP group (P > 0.05). Rusitec pH before or after changing feed bags and daily ammonia nitrogen production in the abomasum and ileum were non significantly (P > 0.05) different among all groups. In conclusion, RPM supplementation with low crude protein diets promoted post-ruminal digestibility and production of volatile fatty acids.
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He Y, Qiu Q, Shao T, Niu W, Xia C, Wang H, Li Q, Gao Z, Yu Z, Su H, Cao B. Dietary Alfalfa and Calcium Salts of Long-Chain Fatty Acids Alter Protein Utilization, Microbial Populations, and Plasma Fatty Acid Profile in Holstein Freemartin Heifers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10859-10867. [PMID: 29179547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presented the effects of alfalfa and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (CSFA) on feed intake, apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation, microbial community, plasma biochemical parameters, and fatty acid profile in Holstein freemartin heifers. Eight Holstein freemartin heifers were randomly divided into a 4 × 4 Latin Square experiment with 2 × 2 factorial diets, with or without alfalfa or CSFA. Dietary supplementation of CSFA significantly increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter, and significantly reduced N retention (P < 0.05). CSFA increased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the ruminal fluid (P < 0.05), but alfalfa increased the concentration of valerate and isovalerate (P < 0.05). CSFA increased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and the relative population of Streptococcus bovis in the rumen (P < 0.05) and inhibited the relative population of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, methanogens, and protozoa (P < 0.05). Alfalfa instead of Leymus chinensis increased the relative population of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Ruminobacter amylophilus in the rumen (P < 0.05) and reduced the relative population of the Ruminococcus albus and Megasphaera elsdenii (P < 0.05). Supplemental CSFA increased the concentration of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the plasma (P < 0.05). And it also altered the composition of fatty acids in the plasma, which was expressed in reducing saturated fatty acid (ΣSFA) ratio and C14-C17 fatty acids proportion except C16:0 (P < 0.05) and increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid (ΣPUFA) and unsaturated fatty acid (ΣUFA) (P < 0.05). The results showed that alfalfa and CSFA had interaction effect on the apparent digestibility of ether extracts, plasma triglyceride concentration, isobutyrate concentration, and Ruminococcus albus relative abundance in the rumen. It was concluded that alfalfa substituting Leymus chinensis did not change the apparent digestibility of nutrients in the final stage of fattening Holstein freemartin heifers, while CSFA increased the cholesterol and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in plasma. Alfalfa and CSFA had mutual interaction effect on fat digestion and plasma triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Taoqi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Chuanqi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Zhibiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Zhantao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Binghai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
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Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo WJ, Pei CX, Zhang SL, Yang WZ. Effects of dietary protein levels and 2-methylbutyrate on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, bacterial populations and urinary purine derivatives in Simmental steers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:611-619. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu China
| | - Q. Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu China
| | - G. Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu China
| | - W. J. Huo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu China
| | - C. X. Pei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu China
| | - S. L. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu China
| | - W. Z. Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu China
- Research Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge AB Canada
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Effects of dietary protein levels and rumen-protected pantothenate on ruminal fermentation, microbial enzyme activity and bacteria population in Blonde d'Aquitaine × Simmental beef steers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Correia BR, de Carvalho GGP, Oliveira RL, Pires AJV, Ribeiro OL, Silva RR, Leão AG, Oliveira PA. Intake, digestibility, performance, and nitrogen metabolism of feedlot-finished young bulls () fed diets containing peanut cake. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:4720-4727. [PMID: 27898972 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This aim of this study was to evaluate the use of peanut cake as a dietary substitute for soybean meal and to determine the effects on intake, apparent digestibility, performance, and N metabolism in feedlot-finished young bulls. Thirty-two young Nellore bulls with an average initial BW of 390 ± 43.5 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design and individually housed in stalls. The young bulls were fed Tifton 85 hay and 4 concentrate mixes containing 0, 33, 66, or 100% peanut cake replacing soybean meal. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, containing 150 g/kg CP, and isocaloric (65% TDN), to have a 40:60 forage:concentrate ratio, and were provided as a total mixed ration. The experiment lasted 90 d and data were collected every 28 d. Blood and urine samples were taken during the last 6 d. Intakes of DM ( = 0.005), OM ( = 0.006), CP ( = 0.002), NDF ( = 0.022), nonfiber carbohydrates ( = 0.002), and TDN ( = 0.018) linearly decreased as the dietary inclusion of peanut cake in the diet was increased. Conversely, intake and ether extract digestibility linearly increased ( < 0.035). The average daily weight gain decreased ( = 0.015) as the peanut cake levels were increased. Plasma urea N decreased (linearly; = 0.005). Peanut cake may not be used to replace soybean meal in the diet of young feedlot-finished Nellore bulls.
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