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Soderstrom AJ, Wang LF, Patterson R, Beltranena E, Zijlstra RT. Feeding a Multi-Enzyme Blend to Enhance the Nutrient Digestibility of Wheat-Canola Expeller Diets in Ileal-Cannulated Weaned Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1644. [PMID: 38891694 PMCID: PMC11170982 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Canola expeller (CE) contains ~200 g/kg residual oil, but also fiber that impairs nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs. To study if feed enzymes increase digestibility, six diets containing either the basal or two CE samples mixed in at 250 g/kg (CE-A or CE-B) were formulated with or without a multi-enzyme blend containing cellulase, xylanase, glucanase, amylase, protease, invertase, and pectinase. The basal diet containing 620 g/kg wheat and 150 g/kg barley served as control. Twelve ileal-cannulated barrows (9-15 kg) were fed the six diets in a replicated 6 (pigs) × 3 (periods) Youden square. Ileal digestibility of gross energy and amino acids was 5% greater for basal than CE diets without differences between CE samples. Diet energy values were 4% greater for CE than basal diets due to residual oil in CE. Inclusion of the multi-enzyme blend increased total tract digestibility of energy of the basal but not CE diets by 2%. Net energy value was greater for CE-A than CE-B because CE-A contained more residual oil. In conclusion, feeding 250 g/kg CE increased diet energy values; thus, CE can substitute added fat in weaned pig diets. Feeding the multi-enzyme blend increased the energy digestibility of wheat and barley-based diets fed to weaned pigs. However, research is needed to identify enzyme combinations that increase the nutrient digestibility of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Janine Soderstrom
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada (E.B.)
| | - Li Fang Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada (E.B.)
| | | | - Eduardo Beltranena
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada (E.B.)
| | - Ruurd T. Zijlstra
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada (E.B.)
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Nyende PW, Woyengo TA. Research note: Nutritive value of cold-pressed flaxseed meal for broiler chicken. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103535. [PMID: 38364608 PMCID: PMC10879831 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and N-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values of cold pressed flaxseed meal (CPFM) for broilers. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks were divided into 20 groups of 6 birds/group and fed 2 diets in a completely randomized design (10 groups/diet) from 14 to 21 d of age. The diets were cornstarch-based containing CPFM or conventional soybean meal (SBM; reference feedstuff) as the sole protein source. A N-free diet fed in another study conducted in the same facility and at the same time that the current study was conducted was used to estimate basal endogenous AA losses, and to calculate gross energy retention by difference method. The CPFM had greater neutral detergent fiber and ether extract contents (21.40 vs. 8.18% and 20.4 vs. 2.47% as is, respectively), but lower CP (20.47 vs. 48.28% as is) than SBM. The SID values of all indispensable AA (except for Leu, Phe and Trp) for CPFM were lower (P < 0.05) than those for SBM. The apparent retention of gross energy (65.95 vs. 44.24%) and N (55.53 vs. 9.79%), and AMEn (2,699 vs. 2,491 kcal/kg) for CPFM were lower (P < 0.05) than those for SBM. In conclusion, CPFM can serve as alternative oilseed co-product feedstuff for poultry. However, the CPFM has lower SID of AA and AMEn values than SBM likely due to the greater fiber content in the former than in the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protus W Nyende
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Tofuko A Woyengo
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA; Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, DK-8830, Denmark.
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Rakita S, Kokić B, Manoni M, Mazzoleni S, Lin P, Luciano A, Ottoboni M, Cheli F, Pinotti L. Cold-Pressed Oilseed Cakes as Alternative and Sustainable Feed Ingredients: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030432. [PMID: 36765964 PMCID: PMC9914438 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing demand for alternative protein feed ingredients, the utilization of oilseed by-products in animal nutrition has been sought as a promising solution to ensure cheap and environmentally sustainable feedstuffs. This review aimed to summarize the nutritional value of six cold-pressed cakes (rapeseed, hempseed, linseed, sunflower seed, camelina seed, and pumpkin seed) and the effects of their inclusion in diet for ruminant, pig, and poultry on nutrient digestibility, growth and productive performance, and quality of the products. The presented results indicated that these unconventional feed ingredients are a good protein and lipid source and have a balanced amino acid and fatty acid profile. However, contradictory results of animal production performances can be found in the literature depending on the cake type and chemical composition, dietary inclusion level, animal category, and trial duration. Due to the substantial amount of essential fatty acid, these cakes can be efficiently used in the production of animal products rich in n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, the utilization of cakes in pig and poultry nutrition is limited because of the presence of antinutritive factors that can deteriorate feed intake and nutrient utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Rakita
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Bojana Kokić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Michele Manoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Sharon Mazzoleni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Alice Luciano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Matteo Ottoboni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Federica Cheli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- CRC I-WE (Coordinating Research Centre: Innovation for Well-Being and Environment), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Pinotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- CRC I-WE (Coordinating Research Centre: Innovation for Well-Being and Environment), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02503-15742
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Sanchez-Zannatta J, Le Thanh B, Wang L, Beltranena E, Newkirk R, Zijlstra R. Ileal nutrient and energy digestibility of steam-exploded canola meal in cannulated grower pigs and total tract nutrient digestibility and growth performance of diets containing steam-exploded canola meal in weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Du Z, Wang Y, Song M, Zeng S, Gao L, Zhao J, Zhao F. An automatically progressed computer-controlled simulated digestion system to predict digestible and metabolizable energy of unconventional plant protein meals for growing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:178-187. [PMID: 35785257 PMCID: PMC9207295 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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Yadav S, Teng PY, Choi J, Singh AK, Kim WK. Nutrient profile and effects of carinata meal as alternative feed ingredient on broiler performance, tight junction gene expression and intestinal morphology. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101411. [PMID: 34942518 PMCID: PMC8704448 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to establish carinata meal as a partial replacement of conventional protein sources. Study I was conducted to determine the nutrient profile, nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn), and amino acid (AA) digestibility of 2 groups: low glucosinolate carinata meal (LGCM) and high glucosinolate carinata meal (HGCM) using rooster assays. The LGCM contained 28 μmol/g glucosinolate, 11.5% moisture, 39.2% crude protein (CP), whereas the HGCM had 100 μmol/g glucosinolate, 10.1% moisture, 39.5% CP on as is basis. The precision-fed rooster assays were conducted to determine TMEn and AA digestibility. The TMEn levels of LGCM and HGCM were 1,814 and 1,690 kcal/kg on as is basis, respectively. Standardized digestibility for lysine, methionine, cysteine, threonine, and valine were 72, 88, 69, 75, and 79% for LGCM and 80, 89, 71, 76, and 80% for HGCM, respectively. Based on the nutrient profiles from study I, study II was conducted to evaluate the effects of LGCM and HGCM in broilers. A total of 504 one-day-old Cobb500 male broiler chickens were randomly divided into 42 battery cages with 6 replicates of 12 birds per cage. The seven dietary treatments were control diet, 3 inclusion levels of LGCM (4, 8, and 12%), and 3 of HGCM (4, 8, and12%) in a corn-SBM based diet fed for 21 d. No significant differences in BW, BWG, and FI were observed except for significantly lower BWG in 12% HGCM group compared to control for 14-21 days (P < 0.05). The FCR for 12% HGCM increased significantly compared to 4 and 8% of both LGCM and HGCM groups during wk 3 (14-21 d). Based on these studies, carinata meal could be recommended to partially replace conventional feed ingredients at a rate of 12% when LGCM is used and 8% when HGCM is used with no deleterious effects on growth performance, gut histology, and tight junction proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Yadav
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Po-Yun Teng
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Janghan Choi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Agyekum AK, Woyengo TA. Nutritive value of expeller/cold-pressed canola meal and pre-pressed solvent-extracted carinata meal for broiler chicken. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101528. [PMID: 34823173 PMCID: PMC8627963 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values of pre-pressed solvent-extracted carinata meal (SE-carinata meal) and expeller/cold-pressed canola meal (ECP-canola meal) for broilers. Two hundred and forty broiler chicks were divided into 40 groups of 6 birds/group and fed 4 diets in a completely randomized design (10 groups/diet) from 14 to 21 d of age. The diets were cornstarch-based containing SE-carinata meal, ECP-canola meal, or pre-pressed solvent-extracted canola meal (SE-canola meal; reference feedstuff) as the sole protein source, and N-free diet. Digestibility of AA and N retention for feedstuffs was determined by the direct method, whereas energy retention of feedstuffs was determined by difference from the N-free diet. On DM basis, SE-canola meal, ECP-canola meal, and SE-carinata meal contained 43, 36, and 50% CP; 2.60, 2.21, and 1.82% Lys; 32, 29, and 27% neutral detergent fiber, and 1.1, 15.3, and 0.88% ether extract, respectively. On DM basis, the AMEn value was lowest (P < 0.05) for SE-carinata meal (1,295 kcal/kg), intermediate (P < 0.05) for SE-canola meal (1,608 kcal/kg), and greatest (P < 0.05) for ECP-canola meal (1,994 kcal/kg). The SID values of indispensable AA for ECP-canola meal were greater (P < 0.05) than those for SE-canola meal or SE-carinata meal. The SID values of all indispensable AA (except Gly, Lys, and Trp) for SE-carinata meal were greater (P < 0.05) than those for SE-canola meal. The SE-canola meal and SE-carinata meal did not differ in SID of Gly and Trp; however, SE-carinata meal had lower (P < 0.05) SID of Lys than SE-canola meal. The results indicate that ECP-canola meal fed in this study could be a good source of AA and energy for broilers. Results also indicate that SE-carinata meal fed in this study could be an attractive AA source for broiler diet, but could benefit from Lys fortification due it its low SID Lys value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta Kofi Agyekum
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C DK-1870, Denmark
| | - Tofuko Awori Woyengo
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele DK-8830, Denmark.
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Heyer CME, Wang LF, Beltranena E, Zijlstra RT. Nutrient digestibility of extruded canola meal in ileal-cannulated growing pigs and effects of its feeding on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab135. [PMID: 33940627 PMCID: PMC8153696 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Canola meal (CM) contains less crude protein (CP) and more fiber and anti-nutritional factors such as glucosinolates than soybean meal (SBM) and consequently has a lower nutrient digestibility. Therefore, processing strategies that may increase the feeding value of CM warrant study. In two experiments, the effects of extrusion of Brassica napus CM on apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) in growing pigs, and growth performance and diet digestibility in weaned pigs were assessed. Solvent-extracted CM was extruded using a single-screw extruder at three screw speeds: 250 (CM-250), 350 (CM-350), or 450 (CM-450) rpm. In exp. 1, in a double 4 × 4 Latin square, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight [BW], 68.1 kg) were fed corn starch-based diets containing 50% CM or extruded CM. The CM sample contained 43.2% CP, 33.2% total dietary fiber (TDF), and 8.9 µmol of total glucosinolates/g on a dry matter (DM) basis. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) the AID of CP, reduced (P < 0.05) apparent hindgut fermentation of CP, and decreased (P < 0.05) predicted net energy (NE) value of diets. Extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of most indispensable AA by 3.1 to 5.3%-units. In exp. 2, 200 weaned pigs (initial BW, 8.3 kg) were fed diets containing 20% SBM, CM, or extruded CM starting 2 wk postweaning for 3 wk. The CM sample contained 42.7% CP, 28.3% TDF, and 5.3 µmol total glucosinolates/g DM. Wheat-based diets provided 2.3 Mcal NE/kg and 5.1 g SID Lys/Mcal NE. Dietary inclusion of extruded CM replacing SBM decreased (P < 0.05) diet ATTD of DM, GE and CP, and DE value. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (G:F) of pigs did not differ between extruded CM and SBM diets and were not affected by extrusion, but increasing extruder screw speed linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADG for day 1 to 7 and G:F for the entire trial. In conclusion, extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of AA but not DE and predicted NE values of CM. However, increasing extruder speed did not further increase the SID of most of the AA of CM in growing pigs. Dietary inclusion of 20% CM or extruded CM did not affect the growth performance in weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M E Heyer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Li F Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Eduardo Beltranena
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Government of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6H 5T6, Canada
| | - Ruurd T Zijlstra
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Hansen JØ, Øverland M, Skrede A, Anderson DM, Collins SA. A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary canola / double low rapeseed meal on growth performance of weanling and growing-finishing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Agyekum AK, Columbus DA, Farmer C, Beaulieu AD. Effects of supplementing processed straw during late gestation on sow physiology, lactation feed intake, and offspring body weight and carcass quality1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3958-3971. [PMID: 31351440 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of supplementing late gestation sow diets with processed or unprocessed oat or wheat straw on physiology, early lactation feed intake, and offspring performance. One hundred fifty gestating sows were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments (30 sows per diet) from day 86 of gestation until farrowing. Treatments, arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial plus a control, were a standard gestation diet (control) or control supplemented with 10% wheat or oat straw, processed or unprocessed. Sows were fed a standard lactation diet postfarrowing. The processed straws were produced by high-pressure compaction at 80 °C. On day 101 of gestation (day 15 of the trial), blood samples were collected from a subset of sows (n = 8 per treatment) through ear vein catheters and analyzed for insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), prolactin, glucose, and urea concentrations. Fecal samples were collected on days 103 to 104 of gestation to determine nutrient digestibility, and feeding motivation was investigated on day 104. Litter characteristics and sow feed intake were recorded for 7 d postfarrowing. Three piglets per litter were selected at weaning, fed standard diets, and followed to market. Treatment had no effect on feeding motivation, piglet characteristics at birth, estimated milk production, and offspring BW at market or carcass quality. Processed straw improved DM digestibility and energy content and the effect was greater with oat straw (straw × processing effect, P < 0.05). Pre- and postprandial glucose concentrations tended to decrease (P < 0.10) with processing of wheat, but not oat straw, and this effect was more apparent in the preprandial samples. Preprandial prolactin concentration increased with oat but decreased with wheat straw, whereas postprandial IGF-1 and prolactin concentration increased with processing of wheat, but not oat straw (straw × processing, P < 0.05). Sow lactation feed intake improved (P < 0.05) with oat straw supplementation relative to wheat straw. Piglet weaning weight increased (P < 0.05) with oat straw supplementation and processing improved (P < 0.05) nursery exit BW. However, straw supplementation, regardless of processing, had no effect on offspring BW at market or carcass quality. Overall, oat straw supplementation had a greater impact on sow physiology and provided benefits for sows in late gestation, and there was some indication that further benefits could be obtained through mild processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta Kofi Agyekum
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Chantal Farmer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R&D Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - A Denise Beaulieu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Lee JW, Patterson R, Rogiewicz A, Woyengo TA. Nutrient digestibility of multi-enzyme supplemented low-energy and AA diets for grower pigs1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:2979-2988. [PMID: 31132296 PMCID: PMC6606494 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine effects of supplementing multi-enzyme on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy and AA; and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy for pigs fed low-energy and AA diets. Eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW: 38.7 ± 2.75 kg) were fed four diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design to give 8 replicates per diet. Diets were positive control (PC) diet, negative control (NC) diet without or with multi-enzyme at 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg. The PC diet was formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) nutrient recommendations for grower pigs (25 to 50 kg), except for Ca and digestible P, which were lower than NRC (2012) recommendations by 0.13 and 0.17 percentage points, respectively, due to phytase supplementation at 1,000 FTU/kg. The NC diet was formulated to be lower in NE by 75 kcal/kg and standardized ileal digestible AA content by a mean of 3%. These reductions were achieved by partial replacement of corn and soybean meal (SBM) and complete replacement of soybean oil and monocalcium phosphate in PC diet with 25% corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 3.6% soybean hulls. Multi-enzyme at 1.0 g/kg supplied 1,900 U of xylanase, 300 U of β-glucanase, 1,300 U of cellulase, 11,500 U of amylase, 120 U of mannanase, 850 U of pectinase, 6,000 U of protease, and 700 U of invertase per kilogram of diet. The AID of GE, N, most AA, most component sugars of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) and P; ATTD of GE for PC diet was greater (P < 0.05) than those for NC diets. An increase in dietary level of multi-enzyme from 0 to 1.0 g/kg resulted in a linear increase (P < 0.05) in AID of Ile by 4.3%, and tended to linearly increase (P < 0.10) AID of Leu, Met, Phe, and Val by a mean of 3.4%. Increasing dietary multi-enzyme from 0 to 1.0 g/kg linearly increased (P < 0.05) AID of total NSP and P by 53.7% and 19.2%, respectively; ATTD of GE by 8.4% and DE and NE values by 8.8% and 8.2%, respectively; tended to linearly increase (P < 0.10) AID of GE by 8.1%. The NE values for NC diet with multi-enzyme at 1.0 g/kg tended to be greater (P < 0.10) than that for PC diet (2,337 vs. 2,222 kcal/kg of DM). In conclusion, multi-enzyme supplementation improved energy and nutrient digestibilities of a corn-SBM-corn DDGS-based diet, implying that the multi-enzyme fed in the current study can be used to enhance energy and nutrient utilization of low-energy AA diets for grower pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Wook Lee
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
| | | | - Anna Rogiewicz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tofuko A Woyengo
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
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Porcine in vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics of corn wet distillers’ grains and dried distillers grains with solubles without or with multi-enzyme. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Park CS, Ragland D, Helmbrecht A, Htoo JK, Adeola O. Digestibility of amino acid in full-fat canola seeds, canola meal, and canola expellers fed to broiler chickens and pigs. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:803-812. [PMID: 30535386 PMCID: PMC6358259 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canola products including full-fat canola seeds (FFCS), canola meal (CM), and canola expellers (CE) have been used in diets for both broiler chickens and pigs. However, their ability to utilize the AA in canola products might be different from each other. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in broiler chickens and growing pigs fed FFCS, CM, and CE. Three diets were prepared to contain FFCS, CM, or CE as a sole source of nitrogen. A nitrogen-free diet was prepared. In Exp. 1, a total of 272 twenty-one-day-old male broiler chickens with an initial BW of 932 ± 80.6 g were assigned to diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. After 5 d of feeding, birds were euthanized by sodium pentobarbital, and ileal digesta samples were collected from distal two-third of the ileum. In Exp. 2, 16 barrows were surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum. After 8-d recovery period, pigs (initial BW = 18.9 ± 1.17 kg) were divided into 4 blocks based on BW and assigned to a quadruplicate 4 × 2 incomplete Latin Square design with 4 diets and 2 periods. Each period consisted of 5-d adaptation and 2-d ileal digesta collection periods. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 3 factorial treatment arrangement with effects of species (broiler chickens or pigs) and diets (FFCS, CM, or CE). There were interactions (P < 0.05) between species and experimental diets in the AID of all indispensable AA except for Lys. The AID of indispensable AA in FFCS for broiler chickens was greater (P < 0.05) than for pigs. Broiler chickens also had greater (P < 0.05) AID of Arg, His, Leu, Phe, and Val in CM compared with pigs; however, there were no differences in the AID of indispensable AA in CE between broiler chickens and pigs. The basal ileal endogenous losses of CP and AA, except Trp, in pigs were greater (P < 0.05) than in broiler chickens. There were also interactions (P < 0.05) between species and experimental diets in the SID of all indispensable AA except for Lys. Broiler chickens fed the diet containing FFCS had greater (P < 0.05) SID of indispensable AA compared with pigs fed the same diet; however, the SID of indispensable AA in CM or CE were not different between broiler chickens and pigs. In conclusion, differences in digestibility of AA in canola products were affected by nonruminant animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Sol Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Darryl Ragland
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Ariane Helmbrecht
- Evonik Nutrition and Care GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - John Kyaw Htoo
- Evonik Nutrition and Care GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Olayiwola Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Ramírez CA, Blanco FP, Ibáñez AH, Sánchez NN, Domenech FR, Medina PG, Martínez Marín AL. Effects of concentrates rich in by-products on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of light lambs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of feeding concentrates with alternative ingredients to cereal and soybean meal on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of feedlot lambs were studied. A total of 105 non-castrated male lambs were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (5 replicates per treatment): Control (CON, similar to commercial concentrates), Camelina (CAM, where camelina meal replaced 50% of the crude protein from the soybean meal in the CON concentrate), and Fibrous (FIB, concentrate without cereals and soybean meal, with camelina meal in addition to several by-products, and 20% less energy). The CAM treatment performed as well as the CON one. The FIB treatment increased feed conversion rate and tended to improve the redness and the oxidative stability. The CAM and FIB were economically more favourable. We found that a concentrate for feedlot lambs based on alternative ingredients, including several by-products, could be a feasible alternative to typical cereal-soybean meal-based concentrates.
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16
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Lee JW, Woyengo TA. Growth performance, organ weights, and blood parameters of nursery pigs fed diets containing increasing levels of cold-pressed canola cake. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:4704-4712. [PMID: 30102352 PMCID: PMC6247866 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oilseed cakes have high oil content, and thus their inclusion in swine can lead to reduced dietary inclusion of oil, and hence reduced cost of feed. An experiment was conducted to determine effects of including Brassica napus-derived cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC) in diets for nursery pigs on growth performance, organ weights relative to live body weight (BW), and blood parameters. A total of 160 pigs (initial BW: 7.8 ± 0.9 kg), which had been weaned at 21 d of age were housed in 40 pens (4 pigs/pen) and fed 4 diets (10 pens/diet) in a randomized complete block design for 35 d. The 4 diets were corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based basal diet and the basal diet with corn and SBM replaced by 20, 30, or 40% of CPCC. The diets were fed in 2 phases, Phase 1 from day 0 to 14 and Phase 2 from day 14 to 35; and were formulated to meet NRC (2012) nutrient recommendations for nursery pigs and to have the same net energy, standardized ileal digestible amino acid, and digestible P contents. Increasing inclusion of CPCC in diets was achieved by partial replacement of corn, SBM, limestone, and mono-calcium phosphate. Growth performance was determined by phase. On day 35, 1 pig from each pen was euthanized for determining organ weights and blood parameters. The CPCC contained 7.63% moisture, and on a dry matter basis, it (CPCC) contained 39.6% crude protein, 2.32% Lys, 0.74% Met, 1.63% Thr, 0.50% Trp, 16.0% ether extract, 20.7% neutral detergent fiber, and 14.9 µmol/g of glucosinolates. Increasing dietary CPCC from 0 to 40% linearly reduced (P < 0.05) overall (day 0 to 35) average daily gain and average daily feed intake (0.440 to 0.288 kg/d and 0.739 to 0.522 kg/d, respectively). Increasing dietary CPCC from 0 to 40% resulted in a linear increase (P < 0.05) in liver weight by 0.1 g/kg of BW and in thyroid gland weight by 2.2 mg/kg of BW, but in a linear reduction (P < 0.05) in serum tetraiodothyronine (T4) level by 0.2 ng/mL for each 1% increase in CPCC at 35 d of age. No differences were observed in heart and kidney weights relative to live BW, and in serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration. In conclusion, increasing dietary CPCC from 0 to 40% by reducing corn and SBM levels resulted in depressed growth performance, increased metabolic activity in liver and thyroid gland, and reduced serum T4 level of pigs. Thus, the amounts of CPCC included in nursery pig diets should be based on targeted growth performance and cost of other feedstuffs in relation to that of CPCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Wook Lee
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
| | - Tofuko A Woyengo
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
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Le M, Buchet A, Beltranena E, Gerrits W, Zijlstra R. Digestibility and intestinal fermentability of canola meal from Brassica juncea and Brassica napus fed to ileal-cannulated grower pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Li P, Chen Y, Lyu Z, Yu S, Wu F, Huang B, Liu L, Lai C. Concentration of metabolizable energy and digestibility of amino acids in Chinese produced dehulled double-low rapeseed expellers and non-dehulled double-low rapeseed co-products fed to growing-finishing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Li Z, Li Y, Lv Z, Liu H, Zhao J, Noblet J, Wang F, Lai C, Li D. Net energy of corn, soybean meal and rapeseed meal in growing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:44. [PMID: 28491297 PMCID: PMC5423123 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two experiments were conducted to estimate the net energy (NE) of corn, soybean meal, expeller-pressed rapeseed meal (EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (SE-RSM) using indirect calorimetry and to validate the NE of these four ingredients using pig growth performance. Methods In Exp.1, 24 barrows (initial BW = 36.4 ± 1.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 diets which included a corn basal diet, a corn-soybean meal basal diet and two rapeseed meal diets containing 20% EP-RSM (9.5% ether extract) or SE-RSM (1.1% ether extract) substituted for corn and soybean meal. The design allowed the calculation of NE values of corn, soybean meal and rapeseed meals according to the difference method. In Exp.2, 175 growing pigs (initial BW = 36.0 ± 5.2 kg) were fed 1 of 5 diets for 28 d, with five pigs per pen and seven replications (pens) per treatment in order to validate the measured energy values. Diets were a corn-soybean meal diet and four diets including 10% or 20% EP-RSM and 10% or 20% SE-RSM. Results The NE of corn, soybean meal, EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 12.46, 11.34, 11.71 and 8.83 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The NE to ME ratio of corn (78%) was similar to tabular values, however, the NE to ME ratios of soybean meal (70%) and rapeseed meal (76%) were greater than tabular values. The greater NE value in EP-RSM than in SE-RSM is consistent with its higher EE content. Increasing EP-RSM or SE-RSM did not affect the growth performance of pigs and the caloric efficiency of NE was comparable for all diets. Conclusions The NE of EP-RSM was similar to soybean meal, and both were greater than SE-RSM. The DE, ME and NE values measured in Exp.1 are confirmed by results of Exp. 2 with comparable caloric efficiencies of DE, ME or NE for all diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanminyuan west road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yakui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanminyuan west road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhiqian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanminyuan west road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanminyuan west road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanminyuan west road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jean Noblet
- INRA, UMR Pegase, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Fenglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanminyuan west road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Changhua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanminyuan west road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Defa Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanminyuan west road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100193 China
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