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Gomaa AAM, Rashwan AA, Tewfik MI, Abou-Kassem DE, Youssef IM, Salah AS, Alfassam HE, Rudayni HA, Allam AA, Taha AE, Moustafa M, Alshaharni MO, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Mekkawy MM. Effects of immersing Japanese quail eggs in various doses of riboflavin on reproductive, growth performance traits, blood indices and economics. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103858. [PMID: 38838591 PMCID: PMC11190717 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This investigation aimed to evaluate the impact of immersion (IM) riboflavin treatment on the hatchability, production efficiency, and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail eggs. A total of 260 eggs of Japanese quail birds were used for hatching and were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 5 replicates (13 eggs/replicate) in a fully randomized design. Hatching eggs were immersed in riboflavin for 2 min before incubation. The experiment treatments were designed as follows: G1 control group with no treatment, G2 treated with 3 g/L vit. B2 (IM), G3 treated with 4 g/L vit. B2 (IM) and G4 were treated with 5 g/L vit. B2 (IM). After hatching, 128 Japanese quail chicks, aged 7 d, were randomly grouped into 4 treatment groups, with 32 birds in each group. When quails were given vitamin B2 via immersion, they demonstrated significant enhancements in live body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio at different stages compared to the control group. Compared to control and other groups, the carcass parameters of Japanese quails given a 4 g/L immersion solution showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05). Hatchability and fertility (%) were considerably raised by Vit.B2 treatments of 3, 4, and 5g; the group immersed in 5 g/L had the highest percentages compared to the other groups. Furthermore, treated chickens with all concentrations of vitamin B2 had significantly higher blood indices than the controls. During the exploratory phase (1-6 wk) of age, the highest returns were reported in G4 treated with 5g/L vit. B2 (IM). Treating Japanese quail eggs with different dosages of vitamin B2 by immersion may be recommended to improve their productive and reproductive performance, blood indices, carcass traits, and economic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A M Gomaa
- Animal & Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali A Rashwan
- Animal & Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mostafa I Tewfik
- Animal & Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Diaa E Abou-Kassem
- Animal & Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Islam M Youssef
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ayman S Salah
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Egypt
| | - Haifa E Alfassam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211 Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Apis 21944, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed O Alshaharni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M El-Mekkawy
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Siitonen A, Nieminen F, Kallio V, Tuccillo F, Kantanen K, Ramos-Diaz JM, Jouppila K, Piironen V, Kariluoto S, Edelmann M. B Vitamins in Legume Ingredients and Their Retention in High Moisture Extrusion. Foods 2024; 13:637. [PMID: 38472750 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Legumes have been recognised as healthy and environmentally friendly protein sources. Knowledge about the vitamin B contents in legume ingredients and extrudates is scarce. In this study, we investigated thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate in various faba bean, lupin, and pea ingredients. Further, the retention of B vitamins in high moisture extrusion was studied. Prior to liquid chromatographic determinations of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate, vitamins were extracted by acid hydrolysis (niacin), enzymatic treatment (folate), or their combination (thiamin and riboflavin). The contents (on a dry matter basis) varied greatly among different ingredients: the thiamin content was 0.2-14.2 µg/g; riboflavin, 0.3-5.9 µg/g; niacin, 8.8-35.5 µg/g, and folate, 45-1453 ng/g. Generally, the highest levels were in flours and protein concentrates, whereas low levels were observed in isolates. The retention of B vitamins was excellent in high moisture extrusion, except for folate in faba bean, where the folate contents were 42-67% lower in the extrudates than in the respective ingredient mixtures. In terms of both vitamin B contents and their retention, extrudates containing substantial amounts of flour or protein concentrate are promising plant-based sources of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Siitonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Faisa Nieminen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veronika Kallio
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabio Tuccillo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Kantanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jose Martin Ramos-Diaz
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Jouppila
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Kariluoto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minnamari Edelmann
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Safiul Azam FM, Lian T, Liang Q, Wang W, Zhang C, Jiang L. Variation of vitamin B contents in maize inbred lines: Potential genetic resources for biofortification. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1029119. [PMID: 36337650 PMCID: PMC9634661 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1029119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B and its derivatives possess diverse physiological functions and are essential micronutrients for humans. Their variation in crops is important for the identification of genetic resources used to develop new varieties with enhanced vitamin B. In this research, remarkable variations were observed in kernels of 156 maize inbred lines, ranging from 107.61 to 2654.54 μg per 100 g for vitamin B1, 1.19-37.37 μg per 100 g for B2, 19.60-213.75 μg per 100 g for B3, 43.47-590.86 μg per 100 g for B5, and 138.59-1065.11 μg per 100 g for B6. Growing inbreeds in Hainan and Hebei provinces of China revealed environmental and genotype interactions among these vitamins and the correlations between them in maize grain. Several inbred lines were identified as good sources of vitamin B and promising germplasms for maize breeding, namely By855 and Si273 are overall rich in all the studied vitamins, and GY386B and CML118 are specially enriched with derivatives of vitamin B6. The present study can assist maize breeders with germplasm resources of vitamin B for biofortification to offer people nutritious foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tong Lian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Carbas B, Machado N, Pathania S, Brites C, Rosa EAS, Barros AIRNA. Potential of Legumes: Nutritional Value, Bioactive Properties, Innovative Food Products, and Application of Eco-friendly Tools for Their Assessment. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1901292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Carbas
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD-CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nelson Machado
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD-CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
- CoLAB Vines&Wines - National Collaborative Laboratory for the Portuguese Wine Sector, Associação Para O Desenvolvimento Da Viticultura Duriense (ADVID), Régia Douro Park, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Carla Brites
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P, Oeiras, Portugal
- GREEN-IT, ITQB NOVA, Av. Da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Eduardo AS Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD-CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana IRNA Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD-CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal
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Lambertz C, Leopold J, Ammer S, Leiber F, Thesing B, Wild C, Damme K. Demand-oriented riboflavin supply of organic broiler using a feed material from fermentation of Ashbya gossypii. Animal 2020; 15:100003. [PMID: 33516011 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatives to riboflavin (vitamin B2) production by recombinant microorganisms are needed in organic poultry production, but are cost-intensive, so that a demand-oriented riboflavin supply is necessary. Details on the riboflavin requirements of organic poultry are not available. A feed material with high native riboflavin content from fermentation of the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii was studied. Two runs with 800 Ranger Gold™ broilers each (40 pens with 20 animals) were conducted. The fattening period was divided into starter (S), grower (G) and finisher (F) stage. In the first run, a basal diet without riboflavin supplementation (NATIVE; 3.27, 3.50 and 3.16 mg riboflavin/kg DM in S, G and F) was compared to diets with supplementation at low (LOW; 5.30, 4.85 and 5.19 mg/kg in S, G and F), medium (MEDIUM; 7.56, 6.88 and 7.56 mg/kg in S, G and F) and high (HIGH; 10.38, 9.14 and 9.93 mg/kg in S, G and F) dosage. In the second run, different combinations of low and medium riboflavin supplementation were used in S, G and F diets: S-LOW (4.50 mg riboflavin/kg DM), G-MEDIUM (6.66 mg/kg), F-MEDIUM (5.71 mg/kg) (Treatment A), S-LOW (4.50 mg riboflavin/kg DM); G-LOW (4.92 mg/kg), F-LOW (4.01 mg/kg) (Treatment B); S-MEDIUM (6.37 mg/kg), G-MEDIUM (7.37 mg/kg), F-MEDIUM (5.07 mg/kg) (Treatment C); S-MEDIUM (6.37 mg/kg), G-LOW (5.28 mg/kg), F-LOW (4.22 mg/kg) (Treatment D). Body weight, feed and water consumption were recorded weekly, health and welfare indicators were scored bi-weekly. Slaughter traits were assessed for five males and females per pen. In the first run, NATIVE animals showed symptoms of riboflavin deficiency and lower live weights in the second week of age. Riboflavin contents of this group were increased to avoid further deficiency and recovery was observed. Feed conversion was better in HIGH (2.07) compared with NATIVE and LOW (2.11). At slaughter, treatments differed neither for foot pad dermatitis nor plumage cleanliness. In the second run, daily weight gains did not differ between treatments in any of the weeks. Feed conversion ranged between 1.99 and 2.04. Riboflavin deficiency was not observed in the second run, while treatment D showed superior economic efficiency. In conclusion, native contents of feed components (3.27 mg/kg DM) were not sufficient to meet the riboflavin demand and a total content of 4.50 mg/kg DM was identified as safe lower threshold. The levels rather according to commercial recommendations were not additionally beneficial to performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lambertz
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Kasseler Strasse 1a, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - J Leopold
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Kasseler Strasse 1a, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Ammer
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland; Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Leiber
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - B Thesing
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Wild
- Poultry Competence Centre of the Bavarian Institute for Agriculture, Mainbernheimer Strasse 101, 97318 Kitzingen, Germany
| | - K Damme
- Poultry Competence Centre of the Bavarian Institute for Agriculture, Mainbernheimer Strasse 101, 97318 Kitzingen, Germany
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Effects of a riboflavin source suitable for use in organic broiler diets on performance traits and health indicators. Animal 2019; 14:716-724. [PMID: 31623698 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111900243x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is essential for monogastric animals. It is mainly produced by recombinant microorganisms (Candida famata, Bacillus subtilis and Ashbya gossypii). The availability of genetically modified organism (GMO)-free riboflavin, obligatory in European organic agriculture, is a major issue. Besides, requirements for organic livestock might differ from conventional production because other genotypes and feed formulations are used. The effects of a fermentation suspension with a high native content of riboflavin produced with unmodified A. gossypii by fermentation were investigated at graded dosages as an alternative to conventional (GMO-based) riboflavin in slow-growing broilers on performance traits and health and welfare indicators. In 2 runs with 800 animals each, Ranger Gold™ broilers were fed with 4 dietary treatments. For starter diets (day 1 to 18), treatments included a basal diet (1) without any riboflavin supplementation (negative control, N-C), (2) with conventional riboflavin supplementation (Cuxavit B2 80% riboflavin) at 9.6 mg/kg (positive control, P-C), (3) with riboflavin supplementation from the alternative source at 3.5 mg/kg (A-low) and (4) with riboflavin supplementation from the alternative source at 9.6 mg/kg (A-high). For the finisher diet (day 29 until slaughtering), P-C and A-high were supplemented with 8.0 mg/kg and A-low with 3.5 mg/kg. Diets were formulated according to organic regulations. Animals were kept in floor pens with 20 chickens per pen. Weekly, BW, feed and water consumption were recorded. Every second week, animal-based health and welfare indicators (feather score and footpad dermatitis) were scored. Slaughter traits were assessed for five males and females per pen at 62/63 days of age. Final body weight of A-high differed from N-C and A-low, but not from P-C. From week 2 until six years of age, A-high had a higher daily weight gain when compared to all other groups. With 74.4%, dressing percentage was higher in A-high compared with all other groups (73.3%). Breast percentage of A-low was lower than that of both control groups but did not differ from A-high. The highest frequency of liver scores indicating fatty liver syndrome was found in P-C, followed by N-C and A-low. Feather scores did not respond to treatment; the highest frequency of mild footpad dermatitis was observed in A-high, however at a low prevalence. In conclusion, the tested fermentation suspension with a high native content of riboflavin derived from fermentation of A. gossypii can be used at levels of commercial recommendations as alternative to riboflavin produced from GMO in broiler feeding. Further studies must verify whether riboflavin can be reduced without inducing riboflavin deficiency in slow-growing broilers.
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Witten S, Böhm H, Aulrich K. Effect of variety and environment on the contents of crude nutrients and amino acids in organically produced cereal and legume grains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13165-019-00261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Witten S, Aulrich K. Exemplary calculations of native thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) contents in common cereal-based diets for monogastric animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13165-018-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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