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Ficagna CA, Galli GM, Zatti E, Zago I, do Amaral MAFD, de Vitt MG, Paiano D, da Silva AS. Addition of Butyric Acid and Lauric Acid Glycerides in Nursery Pig Feed to Replace Conventional Growth Promoters. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1174. [PMID: 38672322 PMCID: PMC11047760 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study determined whether adding butyric acid and lauric acid glycerides in nursing pigs' feed would improve growth performance, proteinogram, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant status. (2) Methods: Ninety male pigs were divided into five groups with six repetitions per group: NC, negative control (no additive); TRI-BUT, addition of tributyrin in the basal ration; MDT-BUT, addition of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of butyric acid in the basal feed; MDT-LAU, the addition of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of lauric acid in the basal feed; and PC, positive control (addition of gentamicin in the basal feed). (3) Results: PC, TRI-BUT, and MDT-LAU resulted in a high average daily WG from days 1 to 39 (p < 0.01). MDT-LAU, MDT-BUT, and PC resulted in a greater feed:gain from days 1 to 39 than the NC (p = 0.03). Great concentrations of the gamma globulin fraction in all groups were observed than in the NC (p = 0.01). Ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and C-reactive protein concentrations were lower in all groups than in the NC (p < 0.05). Higher serum glutathione S-transferase activity was observed in the TRI-BUT and MDT-BUT than in the PC (p = 0.04). (4) Conclusions: The addition of butyric acid and lauric acid glycerides in the diet of pigs in the nursery phase can replace growth promoters since the products improve the growth performance, reduce acute-phase proteins, and increase gamma globulin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Antônio Ficagna
- Graduate Program and Animal Science, University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680, Bairro Santo Antônio, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil; (C.A.F.); (E.Z.); (I.Z.); (M.A.F.D.d.A.); (M.G.d.V.); (D.P.)
| | - Gabriela Miotto Galli
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Paulo Gama, nº 110, Farroupilha, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil;
| | - Emerson Zatti
- Graduate Program and Animal Science, University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680, Bairro Santo Antônio, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil; (C.A.F.); (E.Z.); (I.Z.); (M.A.F.D.d.A.); (M.G.d.V.); (D.P.)
| | - Isadora Zago
- Graduate Program and Animal Science, University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680, Bairro Santo Antônio, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil; (C.A.F.); (E.Z.); (I.Z.); (M.A.F.D.d.A.); (M.G.d.V.); (D.P.)
| | - Marco Aurélio Fritzen Dias do Amaral
- Graduate Program and Animal Science, University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680, Bairro Santo Antônio, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil; (C.A.F.); (E.Z.); (I.Z.); (M.A.F.D.d.A.); (M.G.d.V.); (D.P.)
| | - Maksuel Gatto de Vitt
- Graduate Program and Animal Science, University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680, Bairro Santo Antônio, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil; (C.A.F.); (E.Z.); (I.Z.); (M.A.F.D.d.A.); (M.G.d.V.); (D.P.)
| | - Diovani Paiano
- Graduate Program and Animal Science, University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680, Bairro Santo Antônio, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil; (C.A.F.); (E.Z.); (I.Z.); (M.A.F.D.d.A.); (M.G.d.V.); (D.P.)
| | - Aleksandro Schafer da Silva
- Graduate Program and Animal Science, University of Santa Catarina State (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, nº 680, Bairro Santo Antônio, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil; (C.A.F.); (E.Z.); (I.Z.); (M.A.F.D.d.A.); (M.G.d.V.); (D.P.)
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Huaiquipán R, Quiñones J, Díaz R, Velásquez C, Sepúlveda G, Velázquez L, Paz EA, Tapia D, Cancino D, Sepúlveda N. Review: Effect of Experimental Diets on the Microbiome of Productive Animals. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2219. [PMID: 37764062 PMCID: PMC10536378 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract are responsible for multiple chains of reactions that affect their environment and modify the internal metabolism, their study receives the name of microbiome, which has become more relevant in recent years. In the near future, the challenges related to feeding are anticipated to escalate, encompassing the nutritional needs to sustain an overpopulated world. Therefore, it is expected that a better understanding of the interactions between microorganisms within the digestive tract will allow their modulation in order to provide an improvement in the immune system, feed efficiency or the promotion of nutritional characteristics in production animals, among others. In the present study, the main effects of experimental diets in production animals were described, emphasizing the diversity of the bacterial populations found in response to the diets, ordering them between polygastric and monogastric animals, and then describing the experimental diets used and their effect on the microorganisms. It is hoped that this study will help as a first general approach to the study of the role of the microbiome in production animals under different diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Huaiquipán
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agroalimentarias y Medioambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (R.H.); (C.V.); (G.S.); (L.V.); (D.T.)
| | - John Quiñones
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (R.D.); (D.C.)
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación de la Carne, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Rommy Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (R.D.); (D.C.)
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación de la Carne, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Carla Velásquez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agroalimentarias y Medioambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (R.H.); (C.V.); (G.S.); (L.V.); (D.T.)
| | - Gastón Sepúlveda
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agroalimentarias y Medioambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (R.H.); (C.V.); (G.S.); (L.V.); (D.T.)
| | - Lidiana Velázquez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agroalimentarias y Medioambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (R.H.); (C.V.); (G.S.); (L.V.); (D.T.)
| | - Erwin A. Paz
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - Daniela Tapia
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agroalimentarias y Medioambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (R.H.); (C.V.); (G.S.); (L.V.); (D.T.)
| | - David Cancino
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (R.D.); (D.C.)
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación de la Carne, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Néstor Sepúlveda
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (R.D.); (D.C.)
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación de la Carne, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Dang DX, Lee H, Lee SJ, Song JH, Mun S, Lee KY, Han K, Kim IH. Tributyrin and anise mixture supplementation improves growth performance, nutrient digestibility, jejunal villus height, and fecal microbiota in weaned pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1107149. [PMID: 36777676 PMCID: PMC9911537 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of tributyrin and anise mixture (TA) on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emission, fecal score, jejunal villus height, hematology parameters, and fecal microbiota of weaned pigs. Methods A total of 150 21-day-old crossbred weaned pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] were used in a randomized complete block design experiment. All pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups based on the initial body weight (6.19 ± 0.29 kg). Each group had 10 replicate pens with 5 pigs (three barrows and two gilts) per pen. The experimental period was 42 days and consisted of 3 phases (phase 1, days 1-7; phase 2, days 8-21; phase 3, days 22-42). Dietary treatments were based on a corn-soybean meal-basal diet and supplemented with 0.000, 0.075, or 0.150% TA. Results and discussion We found that dietary supplementation of graded levels of TA linearly improved body weight, body weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed efficiency (P < 0.05). TA supplementation also had positive effects on apparent dry matter, crude protein, and energy digestibility (P < 0.05) and jejunal villus height (P < 0.05). The emission of ammonia from feces decreased linearly with the dose of TA increased (P < 0.05). Moreover, TA supplementation was capable to regulate the fecal microbiota diversity, manifesting in a linearly increased Chao1 index and observed species and a linearly decreased Pielou's index (P < 0.05). The abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Clostridium butyricum were increased, while the abundance of Prevotella copri was decreased, by treatment (P < 0.05). Therefore, we speculated that TA supplementation would improve growth performance and reduce fecal ammonia emission through improving nutrient digestibility, which was attributed to the increase of jejunal villus height and the regulation of fecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Lee
- Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Song
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Mun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea,Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea,Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea,Center for Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Kyudong Han ✉
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea,In Ho Kim ✉
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Lin Y, Li D, Ma Z, Che L, Feng B, Fang Z, Xu S, Zhuo Y, Li J, Hua L, Wu D, Zhang J, Wang Y. Maternal tributyrin supplementation in late pregnancy and lactation improves offspring immunity, gut microbiota, and diarrhea rate in a sow model. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1142174. [PMID: 37168115 PMCID: PMC10165498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several studies have evaluated the effects of tributyrin on sow reproductive performance; however, none of these studies have investigated the effects of tributyrin on sow gut microbiota and its potential interactions with immune systems and milk composition. Therefore, we speculated that tributyrin, the combination of butyrate and mono-butyrin without odor, would reach the hindgut and affect the intestinal microbiota composition and play a better role in regulating sow reproductive performance, gut flora, and health. Methods Thirty sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (CON) and the tributyrin group (TB), which received basal diet supplemented with 0.05% tributyrin. The experimental period lasted for 35 days from late pregnancy to lactation. Results The results showed that TB supplementation significantly shortened the total parturition time and reduced the diarrhea rate in suckling piglets. On day 20 of lactation, the milk fat and protein levels increased by 9 and 4%, respectively. TB supplementation significantly improved the digestibility of dry material, gross energy, and crude fat in the sow diet, but had no significant effect on crude protein digestibility. Furthermore, TB supplementation increased the levels of IL-10, IL-6, and IgA in the blood of weaned piglets, but had no effect on maternal immunity. Analysis of the fecal microbial composition revealed that the addition of TB during late gestation and lactation increased the microbiota diversity in sows and piglets. At the phylum level, sows in the TB group had a slight increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidota and Spirochaetota and a decrease in Firmicutes. At the order level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillales was increased in piglets and sows, and the TB group showed increased relative abundance of Enterobacterales and significantly decreased relative abundance of Oscillospirales in piglets. At family level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Christensenellaceae increased in sows, and the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae increased in piglets. At genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased in sows and piglets, but the relative abundance of Subdoligranulum and Eubacterium_fissicatena_group decreased in piglets in the TB group. Discussion In conclusion, tributyrin supplementation shortened the farrowing duration and reduced the diarrhea rate of piglets by improving the inflammatory response and composition of gut microbiota in piglets and sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Lin,
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanxiao Wang
- Perstorp (Shanghai) Chemical Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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Sommer KM, Jespersen JC, Sutkus LT, Lee Y, Donovan SM, Dilger RN. Oral gamma-cyclodextrin-encapsulated tributyrin supplementation in young pigs with experimentally induced colitis. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac314. [PMID: 36161319 PMCID: PMC9671115 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of intestinal integrity and barrier function due to tissue inflammation has negative implications on overall growth and well-being in young pigs. In this study, we investigated the effects of oral gamma-cyclodextrin-encapsulated tributyrin (TBCD) in young pigs experiencing dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Pigs (n = 32 boars) were weaned from the sow at postnatal day (PND) 2, allotted to treatment based on the litter of origin and body weight (BW), and reared artificially over a 26-d feeding period. Treatment groups included: 1) nutritionally adequate (control) milk replacer, no DSS (Control n = 8), 2) control milk replacer plus oral DSS (DSS, n = 7), and 3) control diet supplemented with 8.3 g of TBCD per kg of reconstituted milk replacer plus oral DSS (TBCD + DSS, n = 8). Colitis was induced by administering DSS at 1.25 g of DSS/kg BW daily in a reconstituted milk replacer from PND 14-18. Milk replacer and water were provided ad libitum throughout the 26-d study. All the data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Control and DSS pigs had similar BW throughout the study, while TBCD + DSS pigs exhibited decreased (P < 0.05) BW starting at approximately PND 15. Additionally, average daily gain (ADG) before and after initiation of DSS dosing, along with over the total study duration, was decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs receiving TBCD + DSS compared with the Control. Milk disappearance was decreased (P < 0.05) in TBCD + DSS pigs when compared with Control and DSS groups. Both the concentration and molar ratio of cecal butyrate concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) in TBCD + DSS pigs compared with the Control group. The DSS and TBCD + DSS treatments also increased (P < 0.05) butyrate concentrations in the luminal contents with the proximal colon compared with Control. TBCD + DSS and DSS pigs had increased (P < 0.05) mucosal width in the distal colon compared with Control, thereby indicating heightened intestinal inflammation. Overall, oral supplementation of encapsulated tributyrin increased the concentration of butyrate in the colon, but was unable to mitigate the negative effects of DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Sommer
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Loretta T Sutkus
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Youngsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ryan N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Feng Y, Gu J, Zhu T, Li Z, Gu Z, Xu S, Ban X, Li C. Enzymatic cyclodextrin synthesis-tributyrin inclusion complex: Properties, structural characterization and release behaviors in vitro. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hu Q, Yin F, Yang L, Li B, Lei G, Wang C, Yin Y, Liu D. Dietary tributyrin intervention improves the carcass traits, organ indices, and blood biomarker profiles in broilers under the isocaloric diets administration. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102061. [PMID: 36055018 PMCID: PMC9449853 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of dietary tributyrin (TB) intervention on carcass traits, visceral and immune organ indices, and blood biomarker profiles in Arbor Acres (AA) broilers under the isocaloric diets administration. A total of 432-day-old healthy AA broiler chickens were assigned to 4 treatments, with 12 replicates per treatment and 9 birds per cage, for 42 d. The dietary treatments were a basal diet (control) and the basal diet supplemented with a TB product (Eucalorie) at doses of 0.50 g/kg (TB1), 1.0 g/kg (TB2), and 2.0 g/kg (TB3). The results showed that dietary TB treatment quadratically improved the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in the second (22–42 d) and overall (0–42 d) feeding periods (P < 0.05) while decreasing the feed conversion ratio in the second feeding period (P < 0.05). Dietary TB treatment improved the carcass traits, as evidenced by a higher eviscerated carcass rate and lower abdominal fat yield than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The breast meat yield rate was quadratically improved in response to dietary TB administration (P < 0.05). Dietary TB treatment improved the kidney, spleen, thymus, and bursa indices (P < 0.05) and reduced the lung indices compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). In particular, the spleen and thymus indices were improved quadratically in response to dietary TB administration (P < 0.05). Dietary TB treatment improved the white and red blood cell counts, platelet count, hemoglobin and hematocrit at d 21, and platelet count at d 42 (P < 0.05), with those in the TB3 group being most affected. Dietary TB administration quadratically decreased the plasma content of uric acid at both d 21 and d 42 as well as that of creatine kinase at d 42 (P < 0.05), while it quadratically increased the plasma albumin/globulin ratio at both d 21 and d 42 (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrated that dietary TB intervention improved the growth performance, carcass traits, selected visceral and immune organ indices, and some blood biochemical markers under the isocaloric diets administration, which may facilitate better economic profit returns in poultry industry application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunbing Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410125, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437000, China
| | - Fugui Yin
- Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437000, China; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437000, China
| | - Baocheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437000, China
| | - Gang Lei
- Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437000, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning 437000, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410125, China; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Alterations in Intestinal Antioxidant and Immune Function and Cecal Microbiota of Laying Hens Fed on Coated Sodium Butyrate Supplemented Diets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050545. [PMID: 35268114 PMCID: PMC8908843 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary coated sodium butyrate (CSB) on the intestinal antioxidant, immune function, and cecal microbiota of laying hens. A total of 720 52-week-old Huafeng laying hens were randomly allocated into five groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with CSB at levels of 0 (control), 250 (S250), 500 (S500), 750 (S750), and 1000 (S1000) mg/kg for eight weeks. The results revealed that CSB supplementation quadratically decreased the malondialdehyde content and increased the superoxide dismutase activity of the jejunum as well as the total antioxidative capacity activity of the ileum (p < 0.05). Dietary CSB supplementation linearly decreased the diamine oxidase and D-lactic acid content of the serum (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the addition of CSB resulted in linear and/or quadratic effects on the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05). The short-chain fatty acid concentrations increased quadratically as supplemental CSB improved (p < 0.05). Additionally, dietary CSB levels had no effect on microbial richness estimators, but ameliorated cecal microbiota by raising the abundance of probiotics and lowering pathogenic bacteria enrichment. In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary supplementation with CSB could improve the intestinal health of laying hens via positively influencing the antioxidant capacity, inflammatory cytokines, short-chain fatty acids, and gut microbiota. In this study, 500 mg/kg CSB is the optimal supplement concentration in the hens’ diet.
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Experimental Studies on the Impact of the Projected Ocean Acidification on Fish Survival, Health, Growth, and Meat Quality; Black Sea Bream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii), Physiological and Histological Studies. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113119. [PMID: 34827851 PMCID: PMC8614255 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study’s data suggest that under the projected scenarios of ocean acidification by 2100 and beyond, significant negative impacts on growth, health, and meat quality are expected, particularly on black sea bream, and will be susceptible to the scientifically approved fish having a weaker resistance to diseases and environmental changes if CO2 emissions in the atmosphere are not curbed. Knowing the expected consequences, mitigation measures are urgently needed. Abstract Acidification (OA), a global threat to the world’s oceans, is projected to significantly grow if CO2 continues to be emitted into the atmosphere at high levels. This will result in a slight decrease in pH. Since the latter is a logarithmic scale of acidity, the higher acidic seawater is expected to have a tremendous impact on marine living resources in the long-term. An 8-week laboratory experiment was designed to assess the impact of the projected pH in 2100 and beyond on fish survival, health, growth, and fish meat quality. Two projected scenarios were simulated with the control treatment, in triplicates. The control treatment had a pH of 8.10, corresponding to a pCO2 of 321.37 ± 11.48 µatm. The two projected scenarios, named Predict_A and Predict_B, had pH values of 7.80-pCO2 = 749.12 ± 27.03 and 7.40-pCO2 = 321.37 ± 11.48 µatm, respectively. The experiment was preceded by 2 weeks of acclimation. After the acclimation, 20 juvenile black sea breams (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) of 2.72 ± 0.01 g were used per tank. This species has been selected mainly due to its very high resistance to diseases and environmental changes, assuming that a weaker fish resistance will also be susceptibly affected. In all tanks, the fish were fed with the same commercial diet. The seawater’s physicochemical parameters were measured daily. Fish samples were subjected to physiological, histological, and biochemical analyses. Fish growth, feeding efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and crude protein content were significantly decreased with a lower pH. Scanning electron microscopy revealed multiple atrophies of microvilli throughout the small intestine’s brush border in samples from Predict_A and Predict_B. This significantly reduced nutrient absorption, resulting in significantly lower feed efficiency, lower fish growth, and lower meat quality. As a result of an elevated pCO2 in seawater, the fish eat more than normal but grow less than normal. Liver observation showed blood congestion, hemorrhage, necrosis, vacuolation of hepatocytes, and an increased number of Kupffer cells, which characterize liver damage. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an elongated and angular shape of the mitochondrion in the liver cell, with an abundance of peroxisomes, symptomatic of metabolic acidosis.
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Hu Q, Yin F, Li B, Guo Y, Yin Y. Dietary Tributyrin Administration Improves Intestinal Morphology and Selected Bacterial and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles in Broilers Under an Isocaloric Feeding Regime. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:715712. [PMID: 34421875 PMCID: PMC8371336 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.715712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary tributyrin (TB) administration on the intestinal and growth performances in Arbor Acres (AA) broilers under an isocaloric feeding regime. A total of 540 day-old healthy AA broilers were randomly assigned to five treatments with 12 replicates (pens) per treatment and nine birds per pen for 42 days. The dietary treatments were basal diet (control) and basal diet with TB at doses of 0.23 g/kg (TB1), 0.46 g/kg (TB2), 0.92 g/kg (TB3), and 1.84 g/kg (TB4). Particularly, to achieve the isocaloric and cost-saving experimental diets, soybean oil was replaced by the TB product (Eucalorie®) with equivalent metabolic energy contents, and the formulas were rebalanced with zeolite to get the sum of all the feed ingredients to 100%. On days 21 and 42, after weighing, the birds (one bird per replicate) whose body weight was close to the replicate average were euthanized to investigate the effect of dietary TB on intestinal morphology, intestinal bacterial population, and short-chain fatty acid contents. The results revealed that dietary TB administration increased the average daily gain, gain/feed ratio, and European broiler index (P < 0.05) and improved the intestinal morphology (P < 0.05) as indicated by higher villus height and the ratios of villus height/crypt depth in broilers. The incremental levels of TB increased the ileal Lactobacillus content (P = 0.05) and cecal Bacillus content (P = 0.02), respectively. Moreover, dietary TB administration also increased the contents of most of the selected short-chain fatty acids in ileal and cecal digesta (P < 0.05). Collectively, dietary TB administration quadratically improved the growth performance, intestinal morphology, beneficial bacterial population, and short-chain fatty acid levels under the isocaloric feeding regime, indicating better profit return potential in practical poultry operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunbing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning, China
| | - Fugui Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning, China
| | - Baocheng Li
- Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xianning, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Encapsulated Mixture of Methyl Salicylate and Tributyrin Modulates Intestinal Microbiota and Improves Growth Performance of Weaned Piglets. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061342. [PMID: 34205785 PMCID: PMC8235159 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tributyrin and essential oils have been used as alternatives to antimicrobials to improve gut health and growth performance in piglets. This study was to evaluate the effects of a dietary supplement with two encapsulated products containing different combinations of tributyrin with oregano or with methyl salicylate on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters related to the physiological status, intestinal microbiota and metabolites of piglets. A total of 108 weaned crossbred piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace, 21 ± 1 d, 8.21 ± 0.04 kg) were randomly divided into three groups. Piglets were fed with one of the following diets for 5 weeks: a basal diet as the control (CON); the control diet supplemented with an encapsulated mixture containing 30% of methyl salicylate and tributyrin at a dosage of 3 kg/t (CMT); and the control diet supplemented with an encapsulated mixture containing 30% of oregano oil and tributyrin at a dosage of 3 kg/t (COT). At the end of the feeding trial, six piglets from each group were slaughtered to collect blood and gut samples for physiological status and gut microbiological analysis. The study found that the CMT group was larger in feed intake (FI) (p < 0.05), average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.09), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) (p < 0.05), blood total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p < 0.05), and crypt depth in the ileum (p < 0.05) compared with the CON group. The genus abundance of Tissierella and Campylobacter in the CMT group was significantly decreased compared with the CON group. The CMT group also resulted in significantly higher activity in amino acid metabolism and arginine biosynthesis compared with the CON group. The COT group was larger in T-AOC, and the genus abundance of Streptophyta and Chlamydia was significantly increased in the ileum compared with the CON group. Data analysis found a significantly high correlation between the genus abundance of Chlamydia and that of Campylobacter in the ileum. The genus abundance of Campylobacter was also positively correlated with the sorbitol level. In general, the results indicated that the supplementation of both encapsulated mixtures in diet of weaned piglets could improve the animal blood antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the encapsulated mixture of methyl salicylate plus tributyrin improved the growth performance and resulted in certain corresponding changes in nutrient metabolism and in the genus abundance of ileum microbial community.
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Dell’Anno M, Reggi S, Caprarulo V, Hejna M, Sgoifo Rossi CA, Callegari ML, Baldi A, Rossi L. Evaluation of Tannin Extracts, Leonardite and Tributyrin Supplementation on Diarrhoea Incidence and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1693. [PMID: 34204108 PMCID: PMC8229630 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the dietary administration of a combination of Quebracho and Chestnut tannins, leonardite and tributyrin were evaluated in weaned piglets. A total of 168 weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White) were randomly allotted to two experimental groups (6 pens/group, 14 piglets/pen). Animals were fed a basal control diet (CTRL) and a treatment diet (MIX) supplemented with 0.75% tannin extracts, 0.25% leonardite and 0.20% tributyrin for 28 days. Individual body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Diarrhoea incidence was recorded by a faecal scoring scale (0-3; considering diarrhoea ≥ 2). At 0 and 28 days, faecal samples were obtained from four piglets/pen for microbiological and chemical analyses of faecal microbiota, which were then assessed by V3-V4 region amplification sequencing. At 28 days, blood from two piglets/pen was sampled to evaluate the serum metabolic profile. After 28 days, a reduction in diarrhoea incidence was observed in the MIX compared to CTRL group (p < 0.05). In addition, compared to CTRL, MIX showed a higher lactobacilli:coliform ratio and increased Prevotella and Fibrobacter genera presence (p < 0.01). The serum metabolic profile showed a decreased level of low-density lipoproteins in the treated group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a combination of tannin extract, leonardite and tributyrin could decrease diarrhoea incidence and modulate the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dell’Anno
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (M.H.); (C.A.S.R.); (A.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Serena Reggi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (M.H.); (C.A.S.R.); (A.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Valentina Caprarulo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), Università Degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Monika Hejna
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (M.H.); (C.A.S.R.); (A.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (M.H.); (C.A.S.R.); (A.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Maria Luisa Callegari
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (M.H.); (C.A.S.R.); (A.B.); (L.R.)
| | - Luciana Rossi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (M.H.); (C.A.S.R.); (A.B.); (L.R.)
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Wang H, Xu R, Zhang H, Su Y, Zhu W. Swine gut microbiota and its interaction with host nutrient metabolism. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2020; 6:410-420. [PMID: 33364457 PMCID: PMC7750828 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is generally recognized to play a crucial role in maintaining host health and metabolism. The correlation among gut microbiota, glycolipid metabolism, and metabolic diseases has been well reviewed in humans. However, the interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolism in swine remains incompletely understood. Given the limitation in conducting human experiments and the high similarity between swine and humans in terms of anatomy, physiology, polyphagy, habits, and metabolism and in terms of the composition of gut microbiota, there is a pressing need to summarize the knowledge gained regarding swine gut microbiota, its interplay with host metabolism, and the underlying mechanisms. This review aimed to outline the bidirectional regulation between gut microbiota and nutrient metabolism in swine and to emphasize the action mechanisms underlying the complex microbiome-host crosstalk via the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis. Moreover, it highlights the new advances in knowledge of the diurnal rhythmicity of gut microbiota. A better understanding of these aspects can not only shed light on healthy and efficient pork production but also promote our knowledge on the associations between gut microbiota and the microbiome-host crosstalk mechanism. More importantly, knowledge on microbiota, host health and metabolism facilitates the development of a precise intervention therapy targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rongying Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - He Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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