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Rodrigues DM, Coradi PC, Teodoro LPR, Teodoro PE, Moraes RDS, Leal MM. Monitoring and predicting corn grain quality on the transport and post-harvest operations in storage units using sensors and machine learning models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6232. [PMID: 38486079 PMCID: PMC10940695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the intergranular variables of corn grain mass during the transportation, drying, and storage stages it possible to predict and avoid potential grain quality losses. For monitoring the grain mass along the transport, a probe system with temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide sensors was developed to determine the equilibrium moisture content and the respiration of the grain mass. These same variables were monitored during storage. At drying process, the drying air and grain mass temperatures, as well as the relative humidity, were monitored. For the prediction of the physical and physical-chemical quality of the grains, the results obtained from the monitoring were used as input data for the multiple linear regression, artificial neural networks, decision tree, and random forest models. A Pearson correlation was applied to verify the relationship between the monitored and predicted variables. From the results obtained, we verified that the intergranular relative humidity altered the equilibrium moisture content of the grains, contributing to the increased respiration and hence dry matter losses along the transport. At this stage, the artificial neural network model was the most indicated to predict the electrical conductivity, apparent specific mass, and germination. The random forest model satisfactorily estimated the dry matter loss. During drying, the air temperature caused volumetric contraction and thermal damage to the grains, increasing the electric conductivity index. Artificial neural network and random forest models were the most suitable for predicting the quality of dry grains. During storage, the environmental conditions altered the moisture contents causing a reduction in the apparent specific mass, germination, and crude protein, crude fiber, and fat contents. Artificial neural network and random forest were the best predictors of moisture content and germination. However, the random forest model was the best predictor of apparent specific mass, electrical conductivity, and starch content of stored grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dágila Melo Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Postharvest, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Highway Taufik Germano, 3013, Passo DAreia, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 96506-322, Brazil
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenue Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Carteri Coradi
- Laboratory of Postharvest, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Highway Taufik Germano, 3013, Passo DAreia, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 96506-322, Brazil.
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenue Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro
- Department of Agronomy, Campus de Chapadão do Sul, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadão do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79560-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Teodoro
- Department of Agronomy, Campus de Chapadão do Sul, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Chapadão do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79560-000, Brazil
| | - Rosana Dos Santos Moraes
- Laboratory of Postharvest, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Highway Taufik Germano, 3013, Passo DAreia, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 96506-322, Brazil
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenue Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marisa Menezes Leal
- Laboratory of Postharvest, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, Highway Taufik Germano, 3013, Passo DAreia, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 96506-322, Brazil
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Avenue Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
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Benjamim da Silva É, Polukis SA, Smith ML, Voshell RS, Leggett MJ, Jones PB, Kung L. The use of Lentilactobacillus buchneri PJB1 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MTD1 on the ensiling of whole-plant corn silage, snaplage, and high-moisture corn. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:883-901. [PMID: 37730174 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted over a 3-yr period to evaluate the effects of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation profile and aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage (WPC), snaplage (SNA), and high-moisture corn (HMC). Whole-plant corn was inoculated with Lentilactobacillus buchneri PJB1 in combination with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MTD1 or with Lpb. plantarum alone (experiments 1 and 2). Snaplage (experiment 3) and HMC (experiments 4 and 5) were inoculated with Len. buchneri in combination with Lpb. plantarum or with Len. buchneri alone. After inoculation, the feedstuffs were ensiled in 7.57-L silos and stored at 21 ± 2°C for 30 or 90 d. In experiment 5, silage was subjected to air stress for 2 h every 2 wk through 42 d and then for 2 h/wk until 90 d and had samples analyzed for their bacterial community composition by metagenomics. Overall, in all experiments, silages inoculated with Len. buchneri alone or in combination with Lpb. plantarum had more acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol and fewer yeasts than uninoculated silages. After 30 d of ensiling, inoculation with Len. buchneri alone or in combination with Lpb. plantarum did not affect the aerobic stability of SNA, but it slightly increased the stability of WPC and markedly improved the stability of HMC. After 90 d of ensiling, inoculation with Len. buchneri alone or in combination with Lpb. plantarum markedly improved the aerobic stability of WPC, SNA, and HMC. In experiment 5, inoculation increased the relative abundance (RA) of Lactobacillaceae and reduced the RA of Enterobacteriaceae and Leuconostocaceae in HMC at 30 and 90 d and the RA of Clostridiaceae in non-air-stressed HMC at 90 d. Air-stressed HMC inoculated with Len. buchneri had less lactic acid, more acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol, and markedly greater aerobic stability than uninoculated air-stressed HMC at 90 d. In conclusion, inoculation with Len. buchneri PJB1 alone or in combination with Lpb. plantarum MTD1 increased the production of acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol, inhibited yeasts development, and improved the aerobic stability of WPC, SNA, and HMC. In HMC, inoculation markedly improved aerobic stability as soon as after 30 d of ensiling, and after 90 d, inoculation improved stability even under air stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie A Polukis
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Megan L Smith
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Rebecca S Voshell
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | | | | | - Limin Kung
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716.
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Wang L, Bao J, Zhuo X, Li Y, Zhan W, Xie Y, Wu Z, Yu Z. Effects of Lentilactobacillus buchneri and chemical additives on fermentation profile, chemical composition, and nutrient digestibility of high-moisture corn silage. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1296392. [PMID: 38111736 PMCID: PMC10725986 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1296392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High-moisture corn silage presents a novel approach to reduce forage feeding expenses and enhance animal performance. Nevertheless, given corn's proclivity for starch, suboptimal fermentation quality in high-moisture corn silage can lead to spoilage, posing risks to livestock well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of different additives on the fermentation profile, chemical composition, nutrient digestibility of high-moisture corn (HMC) silage. All treatments improved the quality of high-moisture corn silage fermentation, as demonstrated by a decrease in pH and increase in lactic acid (LA) content. The high-moisture corn silage had a low content of trans fatty acids (TFA). Fermentation effectively decreased prolamin content while increasing 48-h in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), estimated total tract starch digestibility (eTTSD), total digestible nutrient (TDN), and relative grain quality (RGQ) of high-moisture corn silage. Nonetheless, no effect was observed on the 48-h IVDMD of high-moisture corn silage among the different treatments. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP), crude protein (CP), zein, and prolamin closely correlated with the digestibility of high-moisture corn. The study's findings demonstrate that inoculating L. buchneri and potassium sorbate can improve the quality of high-moisture corn silage fermentation and digestibility in different hybrids. The results will provide insights for enhancing farm productivity and profitability in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinze Bao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingliang Zhuo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiao Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Supapong C, Cherdthong A. Can dietary fermented total mixed ration additives biological and chemical improve digestibility, performance, and rumen fermentation in ruminants? Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:5113-5123. [PMID: 37149787 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2206864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The quantity and quality of animal feed are important factors for efficient and profitable animal farming. Feed ingredients and supplementation with high-density energy and nitrogen would be potentially useful on the farm. The new approach to feeding has shifted from animal-based diets to more readily fermentable feedstuffs in ruminants to meet the increased production of high-yielding animals. These methods encourage the use of fermented total mixed ration (FTMR). An advantage of feeding FTMR as opposed to total mixed ration (TMR) is the opportunity for a development alternative to efficiently handle ruminant diets. FTMR is a method to promote progressive nutrient utilization, extend the preservation of feed by preventing spoilage, and reduce anti-nutritive substances in feeds. Ruminal protein and starch degradability were increased due to proteolysis during storage by ruminants fed ensiled rations. The results found that FTMR can reduce the pH level and increase the lactic acid content of ensiled materials, which results in better quality feed and longer storage times. In addition, it can increase dry matter intake, growth rate, and milk production when compared with TMR. It was shown that the use of FTMR diet was effective for animal production. However, FTMR was rapidly spoiled when exposed to air or feed-out, particularly in hot and humid climates, resulting in a decrease in lactic acid concentration, an increase in pH, and the loss of nutrients. Thus, the appropriate method for enhancing the quality of FTMR should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanadol Supapong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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5
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Costa DM, Carvalho BF, de Souza VC, Pereira MN, da Silva Ávila CL. Particle size and storage length affect fermentation and ruminal degradation of rehydrated corn grain silage. Arch Anim Nutr 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37325929 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2219177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Particle size and storage time are factors that can affect the fermentation quality and digestibility of rehydrated corn grain silage (RCS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of particle size and storage time on chemical and microbiological characteristics, aerobic stability, and ruminal degradability of RCS. Corn grains were ground to pass through either a 3 mm (fine) or 9 mm (coarse) screen, rehydrated to 44.3% moisture and ensiled in 200 L polyethylene buckets. Samples were taken before and after ensiling at 10, 30, 90 and 200 days of storage to assess microbial counts, fermentation end products, and DM ruminal degradability. DM degradation was evaluated with incubation times of 0 (bag wash), 3, 6 and 48 h in 3 rumen-cannulated cows. The effective ruminal degradation (ERD) was calculated based on soluble fraction (A), degradable fraction (B) and passage rate (kp) defined as 7.0%/h: A + B [kd/(kd + kp)]. Aerobic stability was evaluated in silages after 200 days of storage, and pH and temperature were analysed up to 240 h of aerobic exposure. At 90 and 200 d of storage, fine RCS resulted in lower crude protein and greater NH3-N concentrations than coarse RCS. Coarsely ground RCS had a lower temperature at the beginning of storage than finely ground corn. Finely ground RCS had greater yeast counts and ethanol concentrations than coarsely ground RCS during storage time. Fine RCS was more susceptible to aerobic deterioration, reaching maximum temperature and pH values faster than coarse RCS. DM ruminal degradability increased over the storage time. The particle size of the rehydrated corn grain silage did not affect the kd values after 90 d of storage, while for the ERD, a long fermentation time was necessary (200 d). Considering the fermentation characteristics and the kinetics of ruminal DM degradation, fine grinding is recommended for short storage periods and coarse grinding may be a strategy to increase the rate of grinding when the storage period is greater than 200 d.
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Gomide DR, Pereira RAN, Silva RB, Carvalho JTR, Lara MAS, Pereira MN. Effect of Particle Size of Silage of Flint Corn Grain on Dairy Cows Fed Tropical Pasture: Performance, Intake, Ruminal Fermentation, and Digestibility. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1932. [PMID: 37370442 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The particle size (PS) of reconstituted corn (REC) can affect the grinding rate and starch digestibility in dairy cows. We evaluated the effect of the PS of REC ensiled for 40 days on the pasture dry matter intake (DMI), lactation performance, total tract digestibility, and ruminal fermentation of grazing dairy cows. The treatments were coarse REC (CO, 1694 µm), fine REC (FI, 1364 µm), or finely ground (GC, 366 µm) flint corn (68% vitreousness) at 29.6 ± 1.4% of diet DM (mean ± SD). Eighteen dairy cows (mean milk yield 21.3 kg/d) were split into three groups by production level and were assigned within each group to a sequence of treatments in 3 × 3 Latin squares of 21-day periods. Cows were individually fed a constant amount of whole-plant corn silage 3 ×/d (2.7 kg DM/d) and corn treatments and soybean meal according to their group. There was no significant interaction between treatment and the production level. Cows fed FI had a lower DMI (16.7 vs. 18.1 kg/d) than those fed GC, and both did not differ from CO (17.7 kg/d). There was no treatment effect on milk yield (mean: 19.2 kg/d). Cows fed CO had the lowest total tract digestibility of starch (86.3 vs. 92.3% of intake) and the highest fecal starch concentration (7.0 vs. 4.0% of DM). The NDF digestibility was lower for GC-fed cows than CO- and FI-fed cows. Plasma glucose was higher in cows fed FI and CO (75.0 mg/dL) than those fed GC (70.8 mg/dL). Ruminal volatile fatty acids and the pH did not differ. Fine grinding of REC increased the feed efficiency relative to CO and GC. Coarse grinding of REC ensiled for 40 days reduced the total tract starch digestibility relative to FI and GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora R Gomide
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, Brazil
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Lavras 37203-202, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata A N Pereira
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Lavras 37203-202, MG, Brazil
| | - Rayana B Silva
- Better Nature Research Center, Lavras 37203-016, MG, Brazil
| | - Josué T R Carvalho
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio A S Lara
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos N Pereira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, MG, Brazil
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Roseira JPS, Pereira OG, da Silveira TC, da Silva VP, Alves WS, Agarussi MCN, Ribeiro KG. Effects of exogenous protease addition on fermentation and nutritive value of rehydrated corn and sorghum grains silages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7302. [PMID: 37147458 PMCID: PMC10162983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34595-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the effects of the addition of exogenous protease on the fermentation and nutritive value of rehydrated corn and sorghum grain silages during various storage periods. Treatments were applied using a 2 × 6 × 3 factorial combination, with 2 types of rehydrated grains (corn and sorghum), 6 doses of the enzyme (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5%, based on natural matter) and 3 fermentation periods (0, 60, and 90 days) in a completely randomized design, with 4 replications. The protease aspergilopepsin I, of fungal origin, produced by Aspergillus niger, was used. The lactic acid concentration increased linearly as the enzyme dose increased in corn (CG) and sorghum (SG) grain silages, at 60 and 90 days of fermentation. There was an increase in the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and soluble protein, as well as the in situ starch digestibility in rehydrated CG and SG silages, compared to the treatment without the addition of protease. The addition of 0.3% exogenous protease at the moment of CG ensiling and 0.5% in rehydrated SG increased the proteolytic activity during fermentation, providing an increase in in situ starch digestibility in a shorter storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Odilon Gomes Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Wagner Sousa Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
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Zi X, Wang W, Zhou S, Zhou F, Rao D, Shen P, Fang S, Wu B. Prolonged drought regulates the silage quality of maize ( Zea mays L.): Alterations in fermentation microecology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1075407. [PMID: 36570957 PMCID: PMC9780442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1075407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged drought stress caused by global warming poses a tremendous challenge to silage production of maize. Drought during maize growth and development resulted in altered micro-environment for silage fermentation. How fermentation of silage maize responds to moisture scales remains uncharted territory. In this research, Maize water control trials were conducted and the silage quality and microbial community of drought-affected maize were determined. The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced the dry matter but increased root-to-shoot ratio, soluble sugar and malonaldehyde content in maize. Before fermentation, the crude protein, crude ash and acid detergent fiber contents were significantly increased but the ether extract content was decreased under drought. The crude protein and acid detergent fiber were significantly decreased in the drought affected group after fermentation. Furthermore, water stress at maize maturity stage greatly reduced the number of total bacteria in silage fermentation but increased the proportion of the lactobacillus and lactic acid content of silage. Drought stress alters the microbial ecosystem of the fermentation process and reconstitutes the diversity of the bacterial community and its metabolites. This study provides a theoretical basis for the study of changes in silage fermentation as affected by abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Zi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Kunming Seed Management Station, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shiyong Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dongyun Rao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Siyang Fang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bozhi Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Applying the benzoate equivalent concept in rehydrated corn grain silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Propionic acid-based additive with surfactant action on the nutritive value of rehydrated corn grain silage for growing ewe lambs performance. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Dondé S, Cezar A, de Toledo A, Coelho M, Tomaluski C, Reis M, Silva A, Silva M, Virgínio Jr G, Bittar C. Replacement of dry ground corn with reconstituted corn grain
silage in the starter concentrate of dairy calves. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/147655/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Benjamim da Silva É, Liu X, Mellinger C, Gressley TF, Stypinski JD, Moyer NA, Kung L. Effect of dry matter content on the microbial community and on the effectiveness of a microbial inoculant to improve the aerobic stability of corn silage. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5024-5043. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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13
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Menezes GL, de Oliveira AF, Lana ÂMQ, Pires FPADA, de Menezes RA, de Sousa PG, de Oliveira EC, Monteiro RGDA, Martins GG, de Souza RC, Gonçalves LC, Jayme DG. Effects of different moist orange pulp inclusions in the corn grain rehydration for silage production on chemical composition, fermentation, aerobic stability, microbiological profile, and losses. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13701. [PMID: 35257442 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of different moist orange pulp (MOP) inclusions in corn grain rehydration for silage production as a strategy to store and use MOP and whether these inclusions result in adequate fermentation and aerobic stability (AE) and acceptable losses. Ground corn grain and MOP were weighed separately and mixed to obtain MOP inclusions of 21%, 34%, or 42%. The control treatment was obtained with corn rehydrated with distilled water and MOP inclusion of 0%, with five laboratory silos (15-L buckets) per treatment. Acid detergent fiber, acid detergent insoluble protein, acid detergent lignin, lactic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol contents increased linearly with increasing MOP inclusion, whereas starch, in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and butyric acid contents and pH decreased linearly. NH3 -N/TN content reduced quadratically and was minimal with 8.34 g/kg DM at 14% MOP inclusion. Total DM losses increased quadratically with maximal losses of 4.26% DM at 25% MOP inclusion. AE reduced by 2.8 h for each 1% increase in MOP inclusion. Rehydration of corn grain with MOP results in an adequate fermentation process. The inclusion of 34% MOP was the best because DM losses were lower and AE was not drastically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriel Gonçalves Martins
- Department of Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafahel Carvalho de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Diogo Gonzaga Jayme
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Gomes ALM, Bueno AVI, Osmari MP, Machado J, Nussio LG, Jobim CC, Daniel JLP. Effects of Obligate Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria Alone or in Combination on the Conservation of Sugarcane Silage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:643879. [PMID: 34040591 PMCID: PMC8141596 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to determine the effects of two strains of obligate heterofermentative bacteria, alone or in combination, on the fermentation profile, gas production kinetics, chemical composition, and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage. A plot of sugarcane was manually harvested, mechanically chopped and treated with: distilled water (5 mL kg-1; Control), Lentilactobacillus hilgardii CNCM I-4785 [3 × 105 colony-forming units (cfu) g-1; LH], Lentilactobacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788 (3 × 105 cfu g-1; LB), and LH+LB (1.5 × 105 cfu g-1 of each strain). Treated forages were packed into 1.96-L gas-tight silos (0.40 porosity) and stored at 25 ± 1.5°C for 70 days (4 replicates per treatment). All heterolactic inoculants were effective to increase acetic acid concentration and inhibit yeast metabolism, as treated silages had lower formation of ethanol, ethyl esters and gas during fermentation. Lower fungal development spared soluble carbohydrates, consequently resulting in silages with higher in vitro digestibility. Nevertheless, L. buchneri was the most effective strain to extend the aerobic stability of sugarcane silage (based on both temperature and pH rise). The use of L. buchneri alone or in combination with L. hilgardii, applied at 3 × 105 cfu g-1, is a feasible strategy to inhibit yeast metabolism and increase the nutritional quality of sugarcane silage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Milene Puntel Osmari
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Juliana Machado
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Nussio
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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