1
|
Yin Y, Jlali M, Yu B, Luo Y, He J, Zheng P, Mao X, Yan H, Wu A, Bai S, Devillard E, Yu J. Effects of enzyme supplementation on growth performance, digestibility of phosphorus, femur parameters and fecal microbiota in growing pigs fed different types of diets. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1413920. [PMID: 38966563 PMCID: PMC11223171 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1413920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A 42-days study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary types (corn-or wheat-soybean meal-based diet) and phytase (Phy) or a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) supplementation on growth performance, digestibility of phosphorus (P), intestinal transporter gene expression, plasma indexes, bone parameters, and fecal microbiota in growing pigs. Seventy-two barrows (average initial body weight of 24.70 ± 0.09 kg) with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments and main effects of diet type (corn-or wheat-soybean meal-based-diets) and enzyme supplementation (without, with Phy or with MCPC). Each group was designed with 6 replicate pens. The MCPC increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and final body weight (BW). A significant interaction (p = 0.01) was observed between diet type and enzyme supplementation on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P. The ATTD of P was higher (p < 0.05) in wheat soybean meal-based diets compared to corn-soybean meal-based diets. Compared with the corn-soybean meal-based diet, the relative expression of SLC34A2 and VDR genes in the ileum and SLC34A3 in jejunum of growing pigs fed the wheat-soybean meal based diet was lower (p < 0.05). The MCPC significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the relative expression of TRPV5 and CALB1 genes in the ileum and increased the expression of CALB1 in the duodenum compared to control diet. The phytase increased (p < 0.05) the relative expression of SLC34A1 gene in the duodenum in comparison to control diet and MCPC-supplemented diet. The Ca and P contents in plasma from pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diet were higher (p < 0.05) than those from pigs fed wheat-soybean meal-based diet, and the parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) than those fed wheat-soybean meal-based diet. The content of Ca and P in the femur and the bone strength of pigs in the corn-soybean meal group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the wheat-soybean meal groups. The phytase increased (p < 0.05) the Ca and P content and bone strength of the femur. Additionally, diet type and both enzymes significantly improved fecal microbial diversity and composition. Taken together, diet type and exogenous enzymes supplementation could differently influence the growth performance, utilization of phosphorus, intestinal transporter gene expression, bone mineralization and microbial diversity and composition in growing pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maamer Jlali
- Center of Expertise in Research and Nutrition, Adisseo France S.A.S., Malicorne, France
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Estelle Devillard
- Center of Expertise in Research and Nutrition, Adisseo France S.A.S., Malicorne, France
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi H, Duarte YG, Pasquali GAM, Kim SW. Investigation of the nutritional and functional roles of a combinational use of xylanase and β-glucanase on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:63. [PMID: 38704593 PMCID: PMC11070102 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylanase and β-glucanase combination (XG) hydrolyzes soluble non-starch polysaccharides that are anti-nutritional compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of XG on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs. METHODS Forty pigs (6.5 ± 0.4 kg) were assigned to 5 dietary treatments and fed for 35 d in 3 phases (11, 9, and 15 d, respectively). Basal diets mainly included corn, soybean meal, and corn distiller's dried grains with solubles, contained phytase (750 FTU/kg), and were supplemented with 5 levels of XG at (1) 0, (2) 280 TXU/kg xylanase and 125 TGU/kg β-glucanase, (3) 560 and 250, (4) 840 and 375, or (5) 1,120 and 500, respectively. Growth performance was measured. On d 35, all pigs were euthanized and jejunal mucosa, jejunal digesta, jejunal tissues, and ileal digesta were collected to determine the effects of increasing XG levels and XG intake on intestinal health. RESULTS Increasing XG intake tended to quadratically decrease (P = 0.059) viscosity of jejunal digesta (min: 1.74 mPa·s at 751/335 (TXU/TGU)/kg). Increasing levels of XG quadratically decreased (P < 0.05) Prevotellaceae (min: 0.6% at 630/281 (TXU/TGU)/kg) in the jejunal mucosa. Increasing XG intake quadratically increased (P < 0.05) Lactobacillaceae (max: 40.3% at 608/271 (TXU/TGU)/kg) in the jejunal mucosa. Increasing XG intake quadratically decreased (P < 0.05) Helicobacteraceae (min: 1.6% at 560/250 (TXU/TGU)/kg) in the jejunal mucosa. Increasing levels of XG tended to linearly decrease (P = 0.073) jejunal IgG and tended to quadratically increase (P = 0.085) jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio (max: 2.62 at 560/250 (TXU/TGU)/kg). Increasing XG intake tended to linearly increase the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter (P = 0.087) and ether extract (P = 0.065). Increasing XG intake linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain. CONCLUSIONS A combinational use of xylanase and β-glucanase would hydrolyze the non-starch polysaccharides fractions, positively modulating the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota. Increased intake of these enzyme combination possibly reduced digesta viscosity and humoral immune response in the jejunum resulting in improved intestinal structure, and ileal digestibility of nutrients, and finally improving growth of nursery pigs. The beneficial effects were maximized at a combination of 550 to 800 TXU/kg xylanase and 250 to 360 TGU/kg β-glucanase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Choi
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 116 Polk Hall, Campus Box 7621, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yesid Garavito Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 116 Polk Hall, Campus Box 7621, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 116 Polk Hall, Campus Box 7621, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Veluri S, Gonzalez-Ortiz G, Bedford MR, Olukosi OA. Interactive effects of a stimbiotic supplementation and wheat bran inclusion in corn- or wheat-based diets on growth performance, ileal digestibility, and expression of nutrient transporters of broilers chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103178. [PMID: 37931403 PMCID: PMC10654242 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A 42-day experiment was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of a stimbiotic (STB) and wheat bran (WB) in broiler chickens receiving diets (DT) based on corn or wheat. A total of 960 Cobb 500 male broiler chicks at zero-day old were allocated to 64 pens with 8 treatments, 8 replicates per treatment, and 15 birds per replicate. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 2 × 2 × 2 factorial, with the factors as diet (corn-soybean meal or wheat-soybean meal), STB (with or without), and WB (0 or 50 g/kg). Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and mortality-corrected FCR data were collected for the starter (d 0-10), grower (d 10-28), and finisher (d 28-42) phases. Ileal digesta and jejunal tissue were collected on d 18 and 42. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial using a mixed model of JMP. There was no significant 3-way interaction for growth performance and expression of nutrient transporters. There was a significant SB × WB for FCR (P < 0.05) in the grower phase. Stimbiotic supplementation and WB inclusion individually improved (P < 0.05) FCR regardless of cereal type, but this effect was not observed when the two were combined. In the overall phase (d 0-42), birds receiving corn-based diets had higher (P < 0.05) FI and BWG than those receiving wheat-based diets. There was a significant 3-way interaction for ileal digestible energy (IDE) (P < 0.05) and N digestibility (ND) on d 18 and 42 (P < 0.05). There was no effect of STB or WB in corn-based diets, whereas WB inclusion decreased IDE in wheat-based diets, but STB supplementation increased IDE with or without WB. In corn-based diets, WB inclusion increased ND, whereas ND was decreased in wheat-based diets. Supplementation with STB had no effect on ND, but STB increased ND in wheat-based diets with and without WB. Ileal DE was greater (P < 0.05) for wheat- than corn-based diets on d 42. Wheat bran inclusion increased ND in corn-based diets whereas, with STB supplementation, there was no difference in ND with or without WB. There was no difference in ND with or without STB or WB in wheat-based diets. There was a significant STB × DT on the expression of GLUT-1 (P < 0.05). In corn-based diets, STB produced an upward expression of GLUT-1, whereas in wheat-based diets, STB supplementation had no effect. On d 42, stimbiotic supplementation produced upward (P < 0.05) expression of SGLT-1. In conclusion, STB supplementation in wheat- or corn-based diets and with WB inclusion improved energy digestibility. On the other hand, WB inclusion in wheat-based diets decreased nutrient digestibility especially on d 18, thus making room for a positive response to STB supplementation in wheat-based diets compared to the marginal response to STB supplementation observed in corn-based diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shravani Veluri
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | | - Oluyinka A Olukosi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kiernan DP, O’Doherty JV, Sweeney T. The Effect of Prebiotic Supplements on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Associated Health Parameters in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3012. [PMID: 37835619 PMCID: PMC10572080 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing a balanced and diverse microbiota in the GIT of pigs is crucial for optimizing health and performance throughout the production cycle. The post-weaning period is a critical phase, as it is often associated with dysbiosis, intestinal dysfunction and poor performance. Traditionally, intestinal dysfunctions associated with weaning have been alleviated using antibiotics and/or antimicrobials. However, increasing concerns regarding the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has prompted an industry-wide drive towards identifying natural sustainable dietary alternatives. Modulating the microbiota through dietary intervention can improve animal health by increasing the production of health-promoting metabolites associated with the improved microbiota, while limiting the establishment and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. Prebiotics are a class of bioactive compounds that resist digestion by gastrointestinal enzymes, but which can still be utilized by beneficial microbes within the GIT. Prebiotics are a substrate for these beneficial microbes and therefore enhance their proliferation and abundance, leading to the increased production of health-promoting metabolites and suppression of pathogenic proliferation in the GIT. There are a vast range of prebiotics, including carbohydrates such as non-digestible oligosaccharides, beta-glucans, resistant starch, and inulin. Furthermore, the definition of a prebiotic has recently expanded to include novel prebiotics such as peptides and amino acids. A novel class of -biotics, referred to as "stimbiotics", was recently suggested. This bioactive group has microbiota-modulating capabilities and promotes increases in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in a disproportionally greater manner than if they were merely substrates for bacterial fermentation. The aim of this review is to characterize the different prebiotics, detail the current understating of stimbiotics, and outline how supplementation to pigs at different stages of development and production can potentially modulate the GIT microbiota and subsequently improve the health and performance of animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dillon P. Kiernan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John V. O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adekolurejo OO, McDermott K, Greathead HMR, Miller HM, Mackie AR, Boesch C. Effect of Red-Beetroot-Supplemented Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolite Profile of Weaned Pigs-A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2196. [PMID: 37443994 PMCID: PMC10339942 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Red beetroot is a well-recognized and established source of bioactive compounds (e.g., betalains and polyphenols) with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It is proposed as a potential alternative to zinc oxide with a focus on gut microbiota modulation and metabolite production. In this study, weaned pigs aged 28 days were fed either a control diet, a diet supplemented with zinc oxide (3000 mg/kg), or 2% and 4% pulverized whole red beetroot (CON, ZNO, RB2, and RB4; respectively) for 14 days. After pigs were euthanized, blood and digesta samples were collected for microbial composition and metabolite analyses. The results showed that the diet supplemented with red beetroot at 2% improved the gut microbial richness relative to other diets but marginally influenced the cecal microbial diversity compared to a zinc-oxide-supplemented diet. A further increase in red beetroot levels (4%-RB4) led to loss in cecal diversity and decreased short chain fatty acids and secondary bile acid concentrations. Also, an increased Proteobacteria abundance, presumably due to increased lactate/lactic-acid-producing bacteria was observed. In summary, red beetroot contains several components conceived to improve the gut microbiota and metabolite output of weaned pigs. Future studies investigating individual components of red beetroot will better elucidate their contributions to gut microbiota modulation and pig health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi O. Adekolurejo
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (O.O.A.); (A.R.M.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (K.M.); (H.M.R.G.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Katie McDermott
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (K.M.); (H.M.R.G.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Henry M. R. Greathead
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (K.M.); (H.M.R.G.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Helen M. Miller
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (K.M.); (H.M.R.G.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Alan R. Mackie
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (O.O.A.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (O.O.A.); (A.R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu N, Shen H, Zhang F, Liu X, Xiao Q, Jiang Q, Tan B, Ma X. Applications and prospects of functional oligosaccharides in pig nutrition: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
|
7
|
Sung JY, Johnson TA, Ragland D, Adeola O. Impact of ileal indigestible protein on fecal nitrogen excretion and fecal microbiota may be greater compared with total protein concentration of diets in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2022; 101:6902049. [PMID: 36516453 PMCID: PMC9890444 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we hypothesized that an increase in dietary ileal indigestible protein concentration induces an increase in hindgut nitrogen utilization and nitrogen excretion and a shift in fecal microbiota in growing pigs, when compared to pigs given a high total protein diet. Three diets were prepared: 1) standard protein diet based on corn and soybean meal, 2) high-indigestible protein diet in which autoclaved, low-digestible soybean meal replaced soybean meal in the first diet, and 3) high protein diet where the inclusion rate of soybean meal was greater than that of the other diets. The 3 diets were fed to 18 barrows that were fitted with T-cannula at the ileo-cecal junction (initial body weight = 63.4 ± 8.0 kg) in a randomized complete block design with body weight as a blocking factor. Pigs were individually housed in pens and the experiment lasted for 23 d. On days 7 and 21, fecal samples were collected by rectal massage for microbiota analysis. Grab samples of feces were collected on days 20 and 21, and ileal digesta were collected on days 22 and 23 for the determination of energy and nitrogen utilization. Lower apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen in the high-indigestible protein diet containing autoclaved soybean meal resulted in greater ileal indigestible nitrogen concentration (P < 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility of nitrogen was lower (P < 0.05), and correspondingly nitrogen concentration and daily fecal nitrogen output were greater (P < 0.05) in the high-indigestible protein diet compared with the other diets. Apparent post-ileal digestibility and hindgut disappearance of nitrogen and gross energy were the greatest (P < 0.05) in the high protein diet, whereas a statistical difference was not observed in those variables between the standard protein diet and the high-indigestible protein diet. Beta diversity metrics of feces in the high-indigestible protein diet on day 21 were different (q < 0.05) from those in the other two diets, which indicates a shift in microbial communities. According to the results of the DESeq2, the direction of microbiota shift induced by the high-indigestible protein diet may have reduced fiber utilization in the hindgut. In conclusion, an increase in dietary ileal indigestible protein concentration increased fecal nitrogen excretion and shifted fecal microbial communities but did not increase nitrogen utilization in the hindgut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeol Sung
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Timothy A Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Darryl Ragland
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boontiam W, Phaenghairee P, Van Hoeck V, Vasanthakumari BL, Somers I, Wealleans A. Xylanase Impact beyond Performance: Effects on Gut Structure, Faecal Volatile Fatty Acid Content and Ammonia Emissions in Weaned Piglets Fed Diets Containing Fibrous Ingredients. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3043. [PMID: 36359167 PMCID: PMC9654035 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of xylanase to piglet diets is known to improve performance and nutrient digestibility. The present study aimed to assess the impact of new xylanase on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut function of weaned piglets. A total of 144 pigs, weaned at 28 days (7.48 kg initial body weight, IBW), were assigned to 36 pens and 9 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were a basal complex control diet, and the basal diet supplemented with 45,000, 90,000 and 135,000 U/kg xylanase. Performance was measured at days 0, 14 and 35. At day 35, samples were collected for assessment of intestinal histology, and volatile fatty acid and ammonia concentrations. After two weeks post-weaning, additional 12 piglets (11.34 kg IBW) were placed in metabolic crates for assessment of apparent total tract nutrient digestibility using a dietary marker. The addition of xylanase at 90,000 and 135,000 U/kg significantly improved average daily gain (333.6 g/day control, 364.86 g/day, 90,000 U/kg, 405.89 g/day, 135,000 U/kg, p < 0.05), G:F (0.557 control, 0.612 90,000 U/kg, 0.692 135,000 U/kg, p < 0.05), and reduced diarrhoea. This was driven improved nutrient digestibility and villus height in the jejunum (372.87 µm control, 432.53 µm 45,000 U/kg, 465.80 µm 90,000 U/kg, 491.28 µm 135,000 U/kg, p < 0.05). Xylanase supplementation also linearly increased faecal butyrate levels and had a quadratic relationship with propionate concentrations. 135,000 U/kg xylanase also reduced ammonia emissions. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with xylanase improved growth performance and feed efficiency in weaning piglets, likely driven by improvements to gut structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waewaree Boontiam
- Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pheeraphong Phaenghairee
- Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Veerle Van Hoeck
- Kemin Europa N.V., Animal Nutrition and Health EMENA, Toekomstlaan 42, 2200 Herentals, Belgium
| | | | - Ingrid Somers
- Kemin Europa N.V., Animal Nutrition and Health EMENA, Toekomstlaan 42, 2200 Herentals, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Wealleans
- Kemin Europa N.V., Animal Nutrition and Health EMENA, Toekomstlaan 42, 2200 Herentals, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li H, Liu Z, Tan C, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Bai X, Wu L, Yang H. Efficient nitrogen removal from stormwater runoff by bioretention system: The construction of plant carbon source-based heterotrophic and sulfur autotrophic denitrification process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 349:126803. [PMID: 35124218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant carbon source and sulfur were selected as the denitrification electron donors and filled in the internal water storage zone (IWSZ) of bioretention system to establish excellent mixotrophic denitrification system, which was beneficial to waste recycling and showed very high nitrate nitrogen removal efficiency (approximately 94%). The ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies could reach 79.41%, 85.89%, and 74.07%, respectively. Mechanism study revealed the synergistic degradation effect was existed between acetic acid released from plant carbon source and the generated sulfate, which improved the S/CH3COOH mediated nitrate nitrogen removal reactions. Autotrophic denitrification occurred mainly in the upper layer of IWSZ, and the dominant bacteria were Thiobacillus. While in the lower layer, the dominant bacteria were mainly related to organic matter utilization and heterotrophic denitrification. The abundance of narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ functional genes in the upper layer was significantly higher than the lower layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhaoying Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chaohong Tan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaojuan Bai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Liyuan Wu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Urban Design, Beijing 100044, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gu Y, Hu Y, Huang C, Lai C, Ling Z, Yong Q. Co-production of amino acid-rich xylooligosaccharide and single-cell protein from paper mulberry by autohydrolysis and fermentation technologies. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:1. [PMID: 35418087 PMCID: PMC8746646 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Autohydrolysis is an extensively investigated pretreatment method due to its environmental friendliness. During autohydrolysis, most xylan from hemicellulose can be converted into xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and cellulose in the autohydrolyzed residues can be transformed into glucose after enzymatic hydrolysis. Both of these are value-added biochemicals in the biorefining process. In this work, paper mulberry (PM), which contains abundant protein, was utilized as a raw material to coproduce XOS and single-cell protein (SCP) through autohydrolysis and fermentation technologies. Results The results showed that 8.3 g of XOS and 1.8 g of amino acids could be recovered in the autohydrolysate (based on 100 g raw material) after autohydrolysis (170 °C, 1 h). Moreover, 5.7 g of low-DP XOS along with 1.8 g of amino acids could be further obtained from the autohydrolysate after hydrolysis with endo-β-1-4-xylanase. In addition, 20.1 g of fermentable monosaccharides was recovered after hydrolyzing the autohydrolyzed PM with cellulase, which can be used to produce 4.8 g of SCP after fermentation with Candida utilis. Conclusion As a valuable application of PM, a novel process is proposed to coproduce amino acid-rich XOS and SCP through autohydrolysis. The carbohydrate of PM is effectively converted to high value-added products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pulp Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|