1
|
Siddharth M, Rokade JJ, Bhanja SK, Tyagi JS, Monika M, Pearlin BV, Kumar A, Gopi M. Transportation stress: Impact on behaviour and welfare in meat-type chickens under indian scenario. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27129. [PMID: 38455546 PMCID: PMC10918218 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to find standard transport time and its effect on the welfare, 480 marketable commercial broiler chickens (CARIBRO VISHAL; avg. 2.0 kg body weight) were transported for 2, 4, 8h and without transport in crates in three replicates in a completely randomized design. Transport affected welfare as well as behaviour of broiler chickens. Transport stretch impacted the gait score and tonic immobility with maximum aggravation with extended duration. Runaway results shown that 8h group exhibited more run-away time (279.20sec). Number of birds affected by physical injuries increases with the duration. Bodyweight change was significant among transported groups, especially 8h travelled group exhibited more (-8.21%) body weight loss. It is concluded that a transport period of more than 4h in Indian conditions is not recommended as its causing a significant level of stress in the birds leading to stress, production loss and hampering welfare of broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Siddharth
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
| | | | - Subrat Kumar Bhanja
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
| | - Jagbir Singh Tyagi
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
| | - Madheswaran Monika
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
- ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, Hazaribagh 825405, Jharkhand, India
| | - Beulah V. Pearlin
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
| | - Marappan Gopi
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, UP, India
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Śmiecińska K, Stępień A, Daszkiewicz T. The fatty acid profile and the quality of breast and leg muscles in female and male pearl gray guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). Poult Sci 2024; 103:103385. [PMID: 38181477 PMCID: PMC10805938 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid (FA) profile and the quality of breast and leg muscles in male and female guinea fowl. In comparison with leg muscles, breast muscles had a higher content of dry matter and total protein, and contained less fat and total collagen (P ≤ 0.05). Sex had no effect on the chemical composition of the studied muscles or the FA profile of intramuscular fat (IMF) (P > 0.05). The IMF of breast muscles was characterized by higher proportions of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and lower proportions of total unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (P ≤ 0.05) than the IMF of leg muscles. The physicochemical properties of guinea fowl meat were significantly influenced by muscle type (P ≤ 0.05), but not by sex (P > 0.05). Leg muscles were characterized by a higher pH, higher cooking loss, lower lightness (L*), lower drip loss, a higher contribution of redness (a*), and a lower contribution of yellowness (b*) than breast muscles (P ≤ 0.05). The experimental factors had no effect on the sensory attributes or the shear force values of the analyzed muscles (P > 0.05). The unique sensory attributes, high protein content, and low fat content of the analyzed muscles indicate that guinea fowl meat can be a dietary supplement and an addition to other types of meat consumed, especially that most guinea fowl are reared in extensive farming systems that contribute to sustainable food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Śmiecińska
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Adrian Stępień
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Daszkiewicz
- Department of Commodity Science and Processing of Animal Raw Materials, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xia C, Duan C, Chen C, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ma Y. Effects of Electrolyte Multivitamins and Neomycin on Immunity and Intestinal Barrier Function in Transported Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:177. [PMID: 38254346 PMCID: PMC10812564 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals experience stress when they are transported. In this experiment, sixty 4-month-old lambs were randomly divided into three groups: CG (basal diet), EG (basal diet + 375 mg/d/lamb electrolytic multivitamin) and NG (basal diet + 200 mg/d/lamb neomycin). The transportation day was recorded as the 0th day. Blood, liver, spleen, jejunum and colon were collected on the 0th, 7th and 14th day. The results were as follows: In EG and NG groups, the lamb weights (p < 0.01), IgA and IgG (p < 0.05) increased significantly. The concentrations of ACTH, E, COR, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The content of colonic propionate increased significantly (p < 0.05). The villus height and V/C increased, and crypt depth decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The mRNA expressions of Occludin and MUC1, and the protein expression of Occludin in the jejunal mucosa, the mRNA expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin, and the protein expression in the colonic mucosa increased significantly (p < 0.01). The mRNA expression of TRAF6 and the protein expression of TLR4 in the jejunum decreased significantly (p < 0.05), as well as the mRNA expressions of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-kB, and the protein expression of NF-kB p65 and the mRNA expressions of TRAF6, TLR4 and NF-kB in the colon (p < 0.01). In conclusion, an electrolytic multivitamin could potentially improve the immunity and intestinal barrier function, and when it was added with 375 mg/d in the basal diet for each lamb from 2 d before transportation to 7 d after transportation, it had a better effect than neomycin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (C.X.); (C.D.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (C.X.); (C.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Conghui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (C.X.); (C.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (C.X.); (C.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yueqin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China; (C.X.); (C.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuzhong Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo P, Lin S, Lin Q, Wei S, Ye D, Liu J. The digestive tract histology and geographical distribution of gastrointestinal microbiota in yellow-feather broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102844. [PMID: 37579647 PMCID: PMC10448343 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exhaustive understanding of intestinal physiological characteristics is the critical precondition for the improvement of intestinal health and growth performance of yellow-feather broilers (YFB). As a vital part of gastrointestinal tract, the symbiotic, complex, and variable microbiota have a profound effect on the nutrition, immunity, health, and production of broilers. Hence, the development status of proventriculus, jejunum, and cecum, and spatial heterogeneity of bacterial community in crop, proventriculus, gizzard, jejunum, cecum, and rectum of adult YFB were detected in our study. The results revealed that proventriculus, jejunum, and cecum of broilers are well-developed based on morphological observation. The Chao and Shannon indexes in cecum and rectum are notably higher than other sections and their microbiota structure is also distinct from foregut. Firmicutes and Lactobacillus are the predominant phylum and genus in all gastrointestinal sections, respectively. As feature species of crop, Lactobacillus spp. mainly settle in foregut, whereas some Clostridia species (unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, Romboutsia and so on) are characteristic and more abundant in cecum and rectum. Interestingly, there are 2 Ruminococcus torques strains positively and negatively correlated with cecum development, respectively. In a whole, our findings reveal the specialized digestive physiology and regional distribution of intestinal microbiota in YFB, which provides a reference for the future study on the improvement of growth performance and intestinal development through microbiota manipulation in yellow-feather broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingting Guo
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shiying Lin
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qingjie Lin
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Suhong Wei
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dingcheng Ye
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hayat MN, Kumar P, Sazili AQ. Are spiritual, ethical, and eating qualities of poultry meat influenced by current and frequency during electrical water bath stunning? Poult Sci 2023; 102:102838. [PMID: 37392488 PMCID: PMC10336690 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous rise of Muslim and Jewish populations and their increasing preference for ritually slaughtered poultry meat, the industry is forced to redefine its existing product-centric quality standard toward a new consumer-centric dimension of quality. The new dimension is mainly attributed to ensuring animal welfare and ethical treatment (ethical quality), spiritual quality (such as halal status, cleanliness), and eating quality standards set by religion. To meet consumer quality requirements while maintaining high production performance, the industry has incorporated newer technologies that are compatible with religious regulations such as stunning methods like electrical water bath stunning. However, the introduction of new techniques such as electrical water bath stunning has been met with mixed reactions. Some religious scholars have banned the use of any stunning methods in religious slaughter, as halal status is believed to be compromised in cases where birds have been stunned to death before slaughter. Nevertheless, some studies have shown the positive side of the electrical water bath stunning procedure in terms of preserving eating, ethical, and spiritual quality. Therefore, the present study aims to critically analyze the application of various aspects of electrical water bath stunning such as current intensity and frequency on various quality attributes, namely, ethical, spiritual, and eating quality of poultry meat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nizam Hayat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar P, Ahmed MA, Abubakar AA, Hayat MN, Kaka U, Ajat M, Goh YM, Sazili AQ. Improving animal welfare status and meat quality through assessment of stress biomarkers: A critical review. Meat Sci 2023; 197:109048. [PMID: 36469986 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Stress induces various physiological and biochemical alterations in the animal body, which are used to assess the stress status of animals. Blood profiles, serum hormones, enzymes, and physiological conditions such as body temperature, heart, and breathing rate of animals are the most commonly used stress biomarkers in the livestock sector. Previous exposure, genetics, stress adaptation, intensity, duration, and rearing practices result in wide intra- and inter-animal variations in the expression of various stress biomarkers. The use of meat proteomics by adequately analyzing the expression of various muscle proteins such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), acute phase proteins (APPs), texture, and tenderness biomarkers help predict meat quality and stress in animals before slaughter. Thus, there is a need to identify non-invasive, rapid, and accurate stress biomarkers that can objectively assess stress in animals. The present manuscript critically reviews various aspects of stress biomarkers in animals and their application in mitigating preslaughter stress in meat production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - Muideen Adewale Ahmed
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Ahmed Abubakar
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nizam Hayat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li W, Yan C, Descovich K, Phillips CJC, Chen Y, Huang H, Wu X, Liu J, Chen S, Zhao X. The Effects of Preslaughter Electrical Stunning on Serum Cortisol and Meat Quality Parameters of a Slow-Growing Chinese Chicken Breed. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202866. [PMID: 36290252 PMCID: PMC9598214 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stunning is widely utilized prior to a neck cut to induce unconsciousness in order to improve animal welfare and slaughter efficiency in the broiler production industry. However, slaughter without stunning is still very commonly used in China, in part because there is a belief that stunning reduces meat quality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the physical (hemorrhages, pH, drip loss, and shear force) and chemical (inosinic monophosphate concentration and reducing sugar content) properties of broiler meat differed between chickens in preslaughter stunning and nonstunned slaughter groups, and whether the groups differed in their levels of cortisol as an indicator of stress. Serum cortisol levels of the nonstunned group were nearly twice as high as those in the stunned group (p < 0.05). Several meat quality indicators were better in the stunned group than in the nonstunned group. We concluded that electrical stunning prior to slaughter significantly decreases the stress caused by slaughter, resulting in both improved animal welfare and meat quality traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Kris Descovich
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Clive J. C. Phillips
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Curtin University Sustainability Policy (CUSP) Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Yongyou Chen
- Nayong County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Bijie 553300, China
| | - Huijing Huang
- Nayong County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Bijie 553300, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Nayong County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Bijie 553300, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Nayong County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Bijie 553300, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xingbo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (X.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He T, Ma J, Mahfuz S, Zheng Y, Long S, Wang J, Wu D, Piao X. Dietary live yeast supplementation alleviates transport-stress-impaired meat quality of broilers through maintaining muscle energy metabolism and antioxidant status. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4086-4096. [PMID: 34997593 PMCID: PMC9302652 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary live yeast (LY, 1 × 1010 CFU g-1 ) supplementation on serum metabolic parameters, meat quality as well as antioxidant enzyme activity of transported broilers. A total of 192 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to four treatments with six replicates and eight chicks per replicate: a basal diet without transportation (CON), a basal diet containing 0 (T), 500 (T + LY500 ) and 1000 mg kg-1 (T + LY1000 ) LY with 3 h of transportation after feeding for 42 days, respectively. The serum and muscle samples of broilers were collected immediately after 3 h of transportation. RESULTS A higher (P < 0.05) final body weight and average daily weight gain were observed in T + LY1000 group compared with CON and T groups. The T + LY1000 group reduced (P < 0.05) the serum lactate contents and improved (P < 0.05) the pH24h and decreased (P < 0.05) the drip loss in muscles of transported-broilers. Also, the T + LY1000 group enhanced (P < 0.05) the total-antioxidant capacity and reduced (P < 0.05) the malondialdehyde in serum and muscles. Besides, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) in muscles was down-regulated (P < 0.05) of T + LY1000 group compared with T group. CONCLUSION Dietary LY supplementation alleviates transport-stress-impaired meat quality of broilers through maintaining muscle energy metabolism and antioxidant status. Therefore, LY may serve as a potential protector for broilers under transport stress in the future. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiayu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shad Mahfuz
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of Animal NutritionSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Yuhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Poultry Meat and Eggs as an Alternative Source of n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Human Nutrition. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091969. [PMID: 35565936 PMCID: PMC9099610 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) on human health are widely known. Humans are rather inefficient in synthesizing n-3 LC-PUFA; thus, these compounds should be supplemented in the diet. However, most Western human diets have unbalanced n-6/n-3 ratios resulting from eating habits and the fact that fish sources (rich in n-3 LC-PUFA) are not sufficient (worldwide deficit ~347,956 t/y) to meet the world requirements. In this context, it is necessary to find new and sustainable sources of n-3 LC-PUFA. Poultry products can provide humans n-3 LC-PUFA due to physiological characteristics and the wide consumption of meat and eggs. The present work aims to provide a general overview of the main strategies that should be adopted during rearing and postproduction to enrich and preserve n-3 LC-PUFA in poultry products. The strategies include dietary supplementation of α-Linolenic acid (ALA) or n-3 LC-PUFA, or enhancing n-3 LC-PUFA by improving the LA (Linoleic acid)/ALA ratio and antioxidant concentrations. Moreover, factors such as genotype, rearing system, transport, and cooking processes can impact the n-3 LC-PUFA in poultry products. The use of a multifactorial view in the entire production chain allows the relevant enrichment and preservation of n-3 LC-PUFA in poultry products.
Collapse
|
10
|
Brown CL, Montina T, Inglis GD. Feather pulp: a novel substrate useful for proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomics and biomarker discovery. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101866. [PMID: 35679673 PMCID: PMC9189206 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive biomarkers of stress that are predictive of poultry health are needed. Feather pulp is highly vascularized and represents a potential source of biomarkers that has not been extensively explored. We investigated the feasibility and use of feather pulp for novel biomarker discovery using 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)-based metabolomics. To this end, high quality NMR metabolomic spectra were obtained from chicken feather pulp extracted using either ultrafiltration (UF) or Bligh-Dyer methanol-chloroform (BD) methods. In total, 121 and 160 metabolites were identified using the UF and BD extraction methods, respectively, with 71 of these common to both methods. The metabolome of feather pulp differed in broiler breeders that were 1-, 23-, and 45-wk-of-age. Moreover, feather pulp was more difficult to obtain from older birds, indicating that age must be considered when targeting feather pulp as a source of biomarkers. The metabolomic profile of feather pulp obtained from 12-day-old broilers administered corticosterone differed from control birds, indicating that the metabolome of feather pulp was sensitive to induced physiological stress. A comparative examination of feather pulp and serum in broilers revealed that the feather pulp metabolome differed from that of serum but provided more information. The study findings show that metabolite biomarkers in chicken feather pulp may allow producers to effectively monitor stress, and to objectively develop and evaluate on-farm mitigations, including practices that reduce stress and enhance bird health.
Collapse
|
11
|
Fu Y, Yin J, Zhao N, Xue G, Zhang R, Li J, Bao J. Effects of transport time and feeding type on weight loss, meat quality and behavior of broilers. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:1039-1047. [PMID: 35073665 PMCID: PMC9271381 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal time of transportation of floor-feed and scatter-feed broilers. Methods Eighty healthy Arbor Acres (AA) broilers (21-day-old, 624.4 g, male, standard error = 6.65) were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (floor-feed and scatter-feed), then fed for three weeks. The experiment comprised a 2×4 factorial design with 2 feed patterns (floor-feed and scatter-feed) and 4 transport periods (2, 3, 4, and 5 h), and 4 replicates of 5 broilers (54-day-old, 2243 g, standard error = 46.65) was used to compare weight loss, meat quality and behavior index of different groups. Results It appeared that drip loss, meat color and resting behavior of experimental broilers changed as length of transportation (p<0.05), however, weight loss and pH were not significantly transformed (p>0.05). Compared with floor-feed group, broilers in scatter-feed group had lower pH at 24 hours (3 h) and different behavioral indicators (p<0.05). Especially indicators after 3 h transportation, there were obvious differences between the two feeding modes in the behavior reaction of stress events before slaughter with different transport duration (p<0.05). The fluctuation of data on resting behavior with scatter-feed was significantly higher than that of floor-feed broilers. There was no interaction between transport time and different feeding methods for index tested of our experiment (p>0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive analysis showed that the maximum transport duration of floor-feed and scatter-feed broilers should not exceed 3 h, and scatter-feed broilers were more likely prone to fear.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hosseinian S, Ansari S. Prophylactic effects of dietary ascorbic acid on oxidative stress indices, physiological and behavioural responses of domestic pigeons exposed to road transport stress. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2389-2398. [PMID: 34797959 PMCID: PMC8604146 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport disturbs birds' welfare and health status which lead to oxidative stress and dietary ascorbic acid mitigates the adverse effects of transport stress. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impacts of ascorbic acid administration on oxidative stress indices, cortisol, H/L ratio, tonic immobility reaction and rectal temperature of pigeons exposed to road transport. A total of 80 clinically healthy pigeons were selected and randomly divided to eight equal groups as follow: (1) Ctrl- : fed by basal diet and no subjected to transport stress; (2) Ctrl+: fed by the basal diet and subjected to transport stress; (3, 4) 1DBS10 and 1DBS16: received ascorbic acid from 1 day before transport stress at doses of 10 g/100 L and 16 g/100 L of drinking water, respectively; (5, 6) 3DBS10 and 3DBS16: treated with ascorbic acid from 3 consecutive days before transport stress at doses of 10 g/100 L and 16 g/100 L, respectively and (7, 8) 7DBS10 and 7DBS16: received ascorbic acid from 7 consecutive days before the transport at doses 10 g/100 L and 16 g/100 L, respectively. Birds were transported for 3 h over a distance of about 200 km. The total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde and cortisol were measured before transport and at 6, 24 and 72 h post-transportation. The rectal temperature and tunic immobility reactions were recorded. Dietary ascorbic acid led to a decrease in tonic immobility response, hetrophil to lymphocyte ratio, circulating cortisol and total antioxidant capacity, and an increase in circulating malondialdehyde in pigeons exposed to transport stress compare to Ctrl+ group. In conclusion, ascorbic acid administration at dose 16 g/100 L of drinking water from 3 and 7 days before exposure to stress helps attenuate undesirable effects of oxidative stress in pigeons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Hosseinian
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - S. Ansari
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| |
Collapse
|