1
|
de Vitt MG, do Nascimento AL, Brunetto ALR, Piaia AM, Giocomelli CM, Xavier AC, Wagner R, Martins CS, Kozloski GV, Da Silva AS. Use of Cracker Residue in the Diet of Dairy Heifers: Impacts on Animal Health, Ruminal Fatty Acids Profile, Digestibility, Weight Gain, and Economic Viability. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1325. [PMID: 38731329 PMCID: PMC11083051 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study determined whether the isomeric or isoenergetic/isoproteic substitution of corn in the diet of Jersey heifers in the rearing phase with cracker residue would impair growth and health, as well as reducing production costs. Fourteen Jersey females in the growth phase were used, separated into two treatments with seven animals in each lot in collective pens. The experiment used 7-month-old animals (169.8 ± 2.89 kg) and lasted for four months. In Experiment I, the animals were divided into two groups: treatment, with the partial replacement of 40% corn with cracker residue, and control, in which the animals consumed the same diet with 100% corn (isometric diet kg for kg). In Experiment II, the animals with a body weight of 200.2 ± 3.85 kg were divided into two groups: Treatment, replacing 100% of the corn with cracker residue, and control, in which the animals consumed an isoprotein and isoenergetic diet but with 100% of the corn in the formulation. The diet consisted of concentrate, Tifton 85 hay, and corn silage, supplied twice a day individually, with animals contained in their feeders by kennels. There was water ad libitum in the bay. Biweekly weighing and monthly blood analysis were performed, totaling four collections per part for hematologic evaluation, carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism variables. At the end of each experiment, ruminal fluid was collected to measure the volatile fatty acid profile, and feces were collected to determine the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC). Experiments I and II showed no effect of treatment on body weight, weight gain, average daily weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency. There was no effect of treatment on leukocyte, erythrocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, and eosinophil counts, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration (p > 0.05). Experiment I showed a difference between groups for the variables albumin, globulin, total proteins, cholesterol, glucose, and urea, which did not happen in Experiment II. In both experiments, a higher ADC of nutrients was found in the treatment group which had cracker residue (p > 0.05). The concentration of volatile fatty acids in Experiment I was higher in the control group, unlike in Experiment II, where the highest concentration was in the treatment group (p > 0.05). Because experiment I had an isometric substitution, the diets had different bromatological composition, which is the probable cause of the difference between groups; this did not happen in experiment II, in which the diets consumed by the animals was isoproteic and isoenergetic. Based on these data we conclude that the substitution of cracker residue in an isomeric or isoenergetic/isoproteic form does not negatively affect weight gain and animal health, as well as reduces the cost of the concentrate, consequently reducing the cost of production of these animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksuel Gatto de Vitt
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó 89815-000, SC, Brazil; (M.G.d.V.); (A.L.d.N.); (A.L.R.B.); (C.M.G.)
| | - Aline Luiza do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó 89815-000, SC, Brazil; (M.G.d.V.); (A.L.d.N.); (A.L.R.B.); (C.M.G.)
| | - Andrei Lucas Rebelatto Brunetto
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó 89815-000, SC, Brazil; (M.G.d.V.); (A.L.d.N.); (A.L.R.B.); (C.M.G.)
| | - Arthur Mocelin Piaia
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó 89815-000, SC, Brazil;
| | - Charles Marcon Giocomelli
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó 89815-000, SC, Brazil; (M.G.d.V.); (A.L.d.N.); (A.L.R.B.); (C.M.G.)
| | - Ana Carolina Xavier
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (A.C.X.); (R.W.)
| | - Roger Wagner
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (A.C.X.); (R.W.)
| | - Camila Soares Martins
- Department in Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (C.S.M.); (G.V.K.)
| | - Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski
- Department in Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (C.S.M.); (G.V.K.)
| | - Aleksandro Schafer Da Silva
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó 89815-000, SC, Brazil; (M.G.d.V.); (A.L.d.N.); (A.L.R.B.); (C.M.G.)
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó 89815-000, SC, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Quelhas J, Pinto-Pinho P, Lopes G, Rocha A, Pinto-Leite R, Fardilha M, Colaço B. Sustainable animal production: exploring the benefits of sperm sexing technologies in addressing critical industry challenges. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10. [PMID: 38076548 PMCID: PMC10704908 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1181659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The sex of the animals is of paramount importance in many animal production systems. This is particularly evident in the production of milk or in breeding programs focused on the production of female animals. In some cases, slaughter or euthanasia of animals of the unwanted sex becomes the only solution, highlighting ethical and economic concerns. As global demand for food continues to rise, the importance of addressing these issues becomes more evident. Reproductive technologies, such as sperm sexing techniques, may hold the key to addressing both animal welfare and the sustainability of animal production. The use of semen enriched with sperm capable of producing offspring of the desired sex can serve as a valuable tool for producers to exert greater control over production outcomes, not only helping to mitigate welfare issues related to the unnecessary premature death of unwanted offspring but also providing a possible ally in the face of stricter animal welfare guidelines. In addition, sexed semen can also contribute to financial gains and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and food waste associated with the less profitable part of the herd. This paper explores the positive impacts that sperm sexing can have on animal welfare, economy, and environment. It also discusses currently available options and strategies for more successful implementation of sexed semen. Partnerships between companies and scientists will be essential to find innovative ways to adapt current production systems and develop sperm sexing technologies that apply to most livestock industries.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar P, Abubakar AA, Verma AK, Umaraw P, Adewale Ahmed M, Mehta N, Nizam Hayat M, Kaka U, Sazili AQ. New insights in improving sustainability in meat production: opportunities and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11830-11858. [PMID: 35821661 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2096562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treating livestock as senseless production machines has led to rampant depletion of natural resources, enhanced greenhouse gas emissions, gross animal welfare violations, and other ethical issues. It has essentially instigated constant scrutiny of conventional meat production by various experts and scientists. Sustainably in the meat sector is a big challenge which requires a multifaced and holistic approach. Novel tools like digitalization of the farming system and livestock market, precision livestock farming, application of remote sensing and artificial intelligence to manage production and environmental impact/GHG emission, can help in attaining sustainability in this sector. Further, improving nutrient use efficiency and recycling in feed and animal production through integration with agroecology and industrial ecology, improving individual animal and herd health by ensuring proper biosecurity measures and selective breeding, and welfare by mitigating animal stress during production are also key elements in achieving sustainability in meat production. In addition, sustainability bears a direct relationship with various social dimensions of meat production efficiency such as non-market attributes, balance between demand and consumption, market and policy failures. The present review critically examines the various aspects that significantly impact the efficiency and sustainability of meat production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Abubakar Ahmed Abubakar
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pramila Umaraw
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muideen Adewale Ahmed
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nitin Mehta
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Muhammad Nizam Hayat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fuentes A, Han S, Nasir MF, Park J, Yoon S, Park DS. Multiview Monitoring of Individual Cattle Behavior Based on Action Recognition in Closed Barns Using Deep Learning. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2020. [PMID: 37370530 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle behavior recognition is essential for monitoring their health and welfare. Existing techniques for behavior recognition in closed barns typically rely on direct observation to detect changes using wearable devices or surveillance cameras. While promising progress has been made in this field, monitoring individual cattle, especially those with similar visual characteristics, remains challenging due to numerous factors such as occlusion, scale variations, and pose changes. Accurate and consistent individual identification over time is therefore essential to overcome these challenges. To address this issue, this paper introduces an approach for multiview monitoring of individual cattle behavior based on action recognition using video data. The proposed system takes an image sequence as input and utilizes a detector to identify hierarchical actions categorized as part and individual actions. These regions of interest are then inputted into a tracking and identification mechanism, enabling the system to continuously track each individual in the scene and assign them a unique identification number. By implementing this approach, cattle behavior is continuously monitored, and statistical analysis is conducted to assess changes in behavior in the time domain. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through quantitative and qualitative experimental results obtained from our Hanwoo cattle video database. Overall, this study tackles the challenges encountered in real farm indoor scenarios, capturing spatiotemporal information and enabling automatic recognition of cattle behavior for precision livestock farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Fuentes
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Shujie Han
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Fahad Nasir
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbin Park
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Yoon
- Department of Computer Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sun Park
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abd El-Rahim IH, Mashat BH, Fat’hi SM. Effect of halal and stunning slaughter methods on meat quality: A review. INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL 2023; 30:290-302. [DOI: 10.47836/ifrj.30.2.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The handling and slaughtering processes for animals have a significant effect on meat quality. Islamic (halal) slaughter and many different stunning methods are used in the meat industry worldwide. The objective of the present review was to update the current literature and practices concerning halal slaughter and stunning methods, and their effects on meat quality. The present review used inductive reasoning and comparison between halal and stunning methods for the slaughtering of farm animals. Halal slaughter involves cutting the carotid arteries, jugular veins, oesophagus, and throat without stunning. Halal slaughter facilitates the draining of blood from the animal, which is necessary to produce high-quality meat with good conservation and increased shelf life. On the other hand, most stunning slaughter hinders the bleeding process in sheep and goats. The retained blood content may act as a suitable medium for the growth and multiplication of different kinds of harmful microorganisms and make badly bled meat hard to preserve. Proper halal slaughter has several advantages regarding meat quality in comparison to stunning methods, and requires greater management attention pre-, during, and post-slaughtering to maintain good welfare and the production of high-quality meat.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pedernera M, Vulliez A, Villalba JJ. The influence of prior experience on food preference by sheep exposed to unfamiliar feeds and flavors. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Ungerfeld R, Pinto-Santini L, Chaumont S, Orihuela J, Guerrero-Gutierrez M, Freitas-de-Melo A. Is the ram that is more receptive to brushing, less reactive to electroejaculation? Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
8
|
Simões J, Moran D, Edwards S, Bonnet C, Lopez-Sebastian A, Chemineau P. Editorial: Sustainable livestock systems for high producing animals. Animal 2021; 15 Suppl 1:100371. [PMID: 34688563 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Simões
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - D Moran
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - S Edwards
- Newcastle Univ, School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - C Bonnet
- Toulouse School of Economics, INRAE, University of Toulouse I Capitole, 1 place de l'Université, 31080 Toulouse Cedex 6, France
| | - A Lopez-Sebastian
- Spanish Natl Inst Agr & Food Res & Technol INIA, Dept Anim Reprod, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - P Chemineau
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; World Association of Animal Production (WAAP), Via Tomassetti, 3, 00161 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|