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Reis ME, Toledo AF, da Silva AP, Poczynek M, Fioruci EA, Cantor MC, Greco L, Bittar CMM. Supplementation of lysolecithin in milk replacer for Holstein dairy calves: Effects on growth performance, health, and metabolites. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5457-5466. [PMID: 33612231 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lysolecithin is an antiinflammatory emulsifier associated with improved apparent digestibility of total dietary fat and improved feed efficiency in dairy cattle. However, it is unknown if lysolecithin (LYSO) improves performance in calves. Moreover, since many conventional milk replacers use vegetable-sourced fat (e.g., palm oil), nutrient absorption and fecal score may be affected in neonatal calves. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of LYSO supplemented in milk replacer on performance, metabolites, and gut health of preweaned dairy calves. Holstein calves (n = 32) with adequate passive transfer were assigned in pairs (16 blocks) balanced by birth weight, date of birth, and sex at 1 d of age to randomly receive either LYSO (mixed in 2 milk replacer feedings at a rate of 4 g/d Lysoforte, Kemin Industries Inc., Des Moines, IA) or a milk replacer control (nothing added). Both treatments were fed 6 L/d milk replacer [22.5% crude protein, 16.2% crude fat (vegetable oil fat source) on a dry matter basis with 14% solids] by bucket in 2 daily feedings for 56 d. Calves were individually housed in wooden hutches and offered a commercial calf starter (24.6% crude protein and 13.9% neutral detergent fiber) and water by bucket ad libitum. Feed refusals and calf health was assessed daily. Weights and blood metabolites (glucose, total serum protein, albumin, creatinine, triglycerides, and cholesterol) were sampled weekly, and calves completed the study before weaning at 56 d of age. The effects of LYSO on calf average daily gain, feed efficiency, and blood metabolites were evaluated using a linear mixed model with time as a repeated measure, calf as the subject, and block as a random effect in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The effect of LYSO to improve the odds of abnormal fecal score was evaluated using a logistic model. Supplementation of LYSO increased average daily gain (control 0.28 ± 0.03 kg; LYSO 0.37 ± 0.03 kg; least squares means ± standard error of the mean) and increased feed efficiency (gain-to-feed; control 0.25 ± 0.03; LYSO 0.32 ± 0.03). Similarly, LYSO calves had a higher final body weight at d 56 (control 52.11 ± 2.33 kg; LYSO 56.73 ± 2.33 kg). Interestingly, total dry matter intake was not associated with LYSO despite improved average daily gain (total dry matter intake control 1,088.7 ± 27.62 g; total dry matter intake LYSO 1,124.8 ± 27.62 g). Blood glucose, albumin, creatinine, triglycerides, and cholesterol were not associated with LYSO. Indeed, only total serum protein had a significant interaction with LYSO and age at wk 5 and 6. Moreover, control calves had a 13.57 (95% confidence interval: 9.25-19.90) times greater odds of having an abnormal fecal score on any given day during the diarrhea risk period from d 1 to 28. The inclusion of LYSO as an additive in milk replacer in a dose of 4 g/d may improve performance, and calf fecal score, preweaning. Further research should investigate the mechanisms behind the effects of LYSO on fat digestibility in calves fed 6 L/d of milk replacer with vegetable-sourced fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Reis
- Department of Animal Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - A F Toledo
- Department of Animal Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - A P da Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - M Poczynek
- Department of Animal Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - E A Fioruci
- Department of Animal Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - M C Cantor
- Dairy Science Program, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546
| | - L Greco
- Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health Division, South America, Valinhos, SP, 13279-450, Brazil
| | - C M M Bittar
- Department of Animal Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil.
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Kim JA, Cho ES, Jeong YD, Choi YH, Kim YS, Choi JW, Kim JS, Jang A, Hong JK, Sa SJ. The effects of breed and gender on meat quality of Duroc, Pietrain, and their crossbred. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:409-419. [PMID: 32568265 PMCID: PMC7288231 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.3.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of breed and gender in Duroc (D), Pietrain (P),
and crossbred (DP) pigs. Loin samples were collected from D (n = 79), P (n =
42), and DP (n = 45) pigs. Intramuscular fat content was significantly lower in
P (p < 0.001), and pH was lowest in DP pigs
(p < 0.001). Gilts had higher intramuscular fat
(IMF) and pH values than did castrated males (p < 0.05).
Water-holding capacity was lower in DP pigs than that in D and P pigs
(p < 0.001). Shear force in DP pigs was higher than
that in D and P pigs (p < 0.001). Lightness and
yellowness of meat in DP pigs was increased compared with coloring of P pig meat
(p < 0.01). Meat from DP pigs was redder compared
with meat from in D and P pigs, and it was higher in gilts than in castrates
(p < 0.001). The C16:0 content was lower in P and DP
pigs than in D pigs (p < 0.01). C18:2 content was higher
in P and DP pigs than in D pigs (p < 0.001). Unsaturated
and saturated fatty acids increased in P pigs compared with levels in D pigs
(p < 0.05). Our results suggest that meat quality
can be controlled by crossbreeding to increase or reduce selected properties.
This study provides the basic data on the meat characteristics of F1 DP pigs.
Thus, further study should be conducted to estimate the meat quality of various
crossbreeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong A Kim
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Cho
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Yong Dae Jeong
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Yo Han Choi
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Young Sin Kim
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Aera Jang
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Joon Ki Hong
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Sa
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
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Yang Sun H, Yoon SB, Ho Kim I. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood lipid profile and faecal Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus counts on growing pigs fed with de-oiled lecithin emulsifier. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1620140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang Sun
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Seo Bin Yoon
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Korea
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Artegoitia VM, Foote AP, Lewis RM, Freetly HC. Metabolomics Profile and Targeted Lipidomics in Multiple Tissues Associated with Feed Efficiency in Beef Steers. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3973-3982. [PMID: 31459606 PMCID: PMC6648084 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A study of multiple tissues was conducted to identify potential metabolic differences in cattle differing in feed efficiency. Individual feed intake and body weight was measured on 144 steers during 105 days on a high-concentrate ration. Steers were selected according to differences in average daily gain (ADG) with those with the greatest ADG (n = 8; 1.96 ± 0.02 kg/day) and least ADG (n = 8; 1.57 ± 0.02 kg/day), whose dry matter intake was within 0.32 SD of the mean intake (10.10 ± 0.05 kg/day). Duodenum, liver, adipose, and longissimus-dorsi were collected at slaughter, and metabolomics profiles were performed by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal components analyses, t-tests, and fold changes in tissues profile were used to identify differential metabolites between ADG groups. These were primarily involved in α-linolenic metabolism, which was downregulated in the greatest ADG as compared to least-ADG group in duodenum, adipose, and longissimus-dorsi. However, taurine and glycerophospholipids metabolisms were both upregulated in the greatest ADG compared with least-ADG group in the liver. The phospholipids and cholesterol were quantified in the tissues. Lipid transport and oxidation were the main common metabolic mechanisms associated with cattle feed efficiency. Combining analyses of multiple tissues may offer a powerful approach for defining the molecular basis of differences in performance among cattle for key production attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M. Artegoitia
- Department
of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Andrew P. Foote
- ARS,
U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, United States
| | - Ronald M. Lewis
- Department
of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, United States
| | - Harvey C. Freetly
- ARS,
U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, United States
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