Oral administration of dibutyryl adenosine cyclophosphate improved growth performance in weaning piglets by enhancing lipid fatty acids metabolism

[Calcium Dibutyryl Adenosine Cyclophosphate Enhances the Effect of Metoprolol in Treating Older Adults With Heart Failure Combined With Arrhythmia]

Objective

To explore the effect and safety of calcium dibutyryl adenosine cyclophosphate (dbcAMP-Ca) combined with metoprolol in the treatment of older adults with heart failure combined with arrhythmia.

Methods

A total of 102 elderly patients with heart failure combined with arrhythmia were enrolled in our hospital between February 2021 and April 2023. The list of patients enrolled was entered into a random database by independent staffs not involved in the study and random assignment sequences were generated by the SAS9.4 software. Then, the 102 elderly patients were divided into a control group ( n=51) and an experimental group ( n=51). Patients in the control group were given metoprolol at an initial dose of 6.25 mg/d, which was gradually increased to the target dose of 25 mg/d. Patients in the experimental group were given 40 mg of dbcAMP-Ca once a day via intravenous drip in addition to the treatment given to the control group. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The rate of effective response to clinical treatment (the number of cases achieving significant effects and those achieving some effects divided by the total number of cases in the group) was defined as the main outcome index. Secondary indexes included cardiac function, heart rate variability, exercise ability, hemorheology, myocardial injury indexes, inflammatory indexes, and the occurrence of adverse reactions.

Results

The rate of effective response to clinical treatment was higher in the experimental group than that in the control group (94.12% [48/51] vs. 78.43% [40/51], P<0.05). After treatment, the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions (LVEDD and LVESD) and the interventricular septal thickness (IVS) were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group, while the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the stroke volume (SV) were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). In terms of heart rate variability after treatment, the standard deviation of all the normal-to-normal intervals/the average of all the normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN/SDANN), the percentage of NN50 in the total number of normal-to-normal intervals (PNN50%), and the root mean square of the differences between adjacent normal-to-normal intervals/root mean square differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD) were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). In terms of exercise capacity after treatment, the subjects in the experimental group covered more distance in the 6-min walk test than those in the control group did ( P<0.05). In terms of the hemorheology indexes after treatment, the levels of platelet aggregation rate (PAgT), fibrinogen (FIB), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and whole blood viscosity (ηb) were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). In terms of the myocardial injury indexes after treatment, the levels of serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group, while the levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1) were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). In terms of the inflammatory indexes after treatment, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group (9.80%) and that in the control group (7.84%) were comparable ( P>0.05).

Conclusion

The use of dbcAMP-Ca in addition to metoprolol can effectively improve cardiac function, heart rate variability, and exercise tolerance, while inhibiting inflammatory response in elderly patients with heart failure combined with arrhythmia, with high medication safety. The combination medication shows better safety and therapeutic effects than those of metoprolol used alone.

Dietary dibutyryl cAMP supplementation regulates the fat deposition in adipose tissues of finishing pigs via cAMP/PKA pathway

This study investigated potential mechanism of dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) on porcine fat deposition. (1) Exp.1, 72 finishing pigs were allotted to 3 treatments (0, 10 or 20 mg/kg dbcAMP) with 6 replicates. dbcAMP increased the hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) activity and expression of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) and growth hormone receptor (GHR), but decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR-γ2) and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) in back fat. dbcAMP upregulated expression of β-AR, GHR, PPAR-γ2 and A-FABP, but decreased insulin receptor (INSR) expression in abdominal fat. Dietary dbcAMP increased HSL activity and expression of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), but decreased fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities, and expression of INSR, cAMP-response element-binding protein (C/EBP-α) and A-FABP in perirenal fat. (2) Exp. 2, dbcAMP suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of porcine preadipocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which might be associated with increased activities of cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA), and expression of GPCR, β-AR, GHR and CREB via inhibiting C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ2 expression. Collectively, dbcAMP treatment may reduce fat deposition by regulating gene expression related to adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism partially via cAMP-PKA pathway.

Tea Tree Oil Mediates Antioxidant Factors Relish and Nrf2-Autophagy Axis Regulating the Lipid Metabolism of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Both oxidative stress and autophagy refer to regulating fat metabolism, and the former affects autophagy, but the role and mechanism of the antioxidant-autophagy axis in regulating lipid metabolism remains unclear. As an antioxidant, tea tree oil (TTO) has little research on the regulatory mechanism of lipid metabolism in crustaceans. This study investigated whether TTO could alter hepatopancreatic lipid metabolism by affecting the antioxidant-autophagy axis. Feed Macrobrachium rosenbergii with three different levels of TTO diets for 8 weeks: CT (0 mg/kg TTO), 100TTO (100 mg/kg TTO), and 1000TTO (1000 mg/kg TTO). The results showed that 100TTO treatment reduced the hemolymph lipids level and hepatopancreatic lipid deposition compared to CT. In contrast, 1000TTO treatment increased hepatopancreatic lipid deposition, damaging both morphology and function in the hepatopancreas. The 100TTO treatment promoted lipolysis and reduced liposynthesis at the transcriptional level compared to the CT group. Meanwhile, it improved the hepatopancreas antioxidant capacity and maintained mitochondrial structural and ROS homeostasis. In addition, it simultaneously activated the expression of transcription factors Keap1-Nrf2 and Imd-Relish. By contrast, the 1000TTO group significantly enhanced the ROS level, which considerably activated the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling expression but had no significant effects on the expression of Imd-Relish. The 100TTO group supplementation significantly enhanced lipid droplet breakdown and autophagy-related genes and protein expression. On the contrary, the 1000TTO group significantly inhibited the expression of genes and proteins related to autophagy. Pearson analysis revealed that Nrf2 has a positive correlation to lipid anabolism-related genes (Fasn, Srebp1, Pparγ) and autophagy regulators (mtor, akt, p62), and were negatively correlated with lipolysis-related genes (Cpt1, Hsl, Ampkα) and autophagy markers (Ulk1, Lc3). Relish was positively correlated with Atgl, Cpt1, Ampkα, Ulk1, and Lc3, and negatively correlated with Pparγ and p62. Moreover, Keap1 and Imd were negatively correlated with p62 and mtor, respectively. In sum, 100 mg/kg TTO enhanced antioxidant activity and increased autophagy intensity through the Relish-Imd pathway to enhance lipid droplet breakdown, while 1000 mg/kg TTO overexpressed Nrf2, thus inhibiting autophagy and ultimately causing excessive lipid deposition and peroxidation. Our study gives a fresh perspective for deciphering the bidirectional regulation mechanism of lipid metabolism by different doses of TTO based on the antioxidant-autophagy axis.

Weaning Stress in Piglets Alters the Expression of Intestinal Proteins Involved in Fat Absorption

BACKGROUND

In vivo data on intestinal fat absorption in weanling piglets are scarce.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to investigate the effect of weaning stress on intestinal fat absorption.

METHODS

Eighteen 7-d-old sow-reared piglets (Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire) were assigned to 3 groups (n = 6/group, 3 males and 3 females per group). Piglets were nursed by sows until 24 d of age (suckling piglets, S), or weaned at 21 d of age to a corn-soybean meal-based diet until 24 d (3 d postweaning, W3) or 28 d (7 d postweaning, W7) of age, respectively. Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected to determine intestinal morphology and abundance of proteins related to fat absorption.

RESULTS

Compared with the S group, the W3 group had lower villus height (17-34%) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (13-53%), as well as 1-1.45 times greater crypt depth; these values were 1.18-1.31, 0.69-1.15, and 1.47-1.87 times greater in the W7 group than in the W3 group, respectively. Compared with the S group, weaning stress for both W3 and W7 groups reduced intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity (26-73%), serum lipids (26-54%), and abundances of proteins related to fatty acid transport [fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP)] and chylomicron assembly [microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4), B (APOB), and A-I (APOA1)] in the duodenum and ileum (10-55%), as well as in the jejunum (25-85%). All these indexes did not differ between W3 and W7 groups. Compared with the S group, the W3 group had lower mRNA abundances of duodenal APOA4 and APOA1 (25-50%), as well as jejunal FATP4, IFABP, MTTP, APOA4, and APOA1 (35-50%); these values were 5-15% and 10-37% lower in the W7 group than in the W3 group, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Weaning stress in piglets attenuates the expression of intestinal proteins related to fatty acid transport (FATP4 and I-FABP) and chylomicron synthesis (APOA4).

Clinical Efficacy of Ulinastatin Combined with Meglumine Adenosine Cyclophosphate in the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Ulinastatin, a common adjuvant drug in the clinical treatment of acute circulatory failure, has a good effect on various inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aim to explore the clinical efficacy of ulinastatin combined with meglumine adenosine cyclophosphate in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its effect on cardiac function and endothelial function of patients. 100 AMI patients treated in our hospital (February 2020-October 2020) were randomly chosen and divided into group J and group Q, with 50 cases in each group. Group Q was treated with meglumine adenosine cyclophosphate only, while group J was treated with ulinastatin combined with meglumine adenosine cyclophosphate to compare the treatment efficiency, cardiac structure indexes, cardiac systolic function, blood lipid levels, vascular endothelial function, QLI (quality of life) scores, BI indexes, and FMA (motor function) scores between the two groups. The treatment efficiency, QLI score, BI index, and FMA score in group J were notably higher compared with group Q (P < 0.05). The cardiac structure indexes, cardiac systolic function, blood lipid level, and vascular endothelial function in group J were notably better compared with group Q (P < 0.05). Ulinastatin combined with meglumine adenosine cyclophosphate can obviously enhance the therapeutic effect of AMI patients and improve the endothelial function and cardiac function of patients, which is very promising in this medical area.