1
|
Palangi V. Identification of Ruminal Fermentation Curves of Some Legume Forages Using Particle Swarm Optimization. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081339. [PMID: 37106901 PMCID: PMC10135319 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The modeling process has a wide range of applications in animal nutrition. The purpose of this work is to determine whether particle swarm optimization (PSO) could be used to explain the fermentation curves of some legume forages. The model suited the fermentation data with minor statistical differences (R2 > 0.98). In addition, reducing the number of iterations enhanced this method's benefits. Only Models I and II could successfully fit the fermentability data (R2 > 0.98) in the vetch and white clover fermentation curve because the negative parameters (calculated in Models III and IV) were not biologically acceptable. Model IV could only fit the alfalfa fermentation curve, which had higher R values and demonstrated the model's dependability. In conclusion, it is advised to use PSO to match the fermentation curves. By examining the fermentation curves of feed materials, animal nutritionists can obtain a broader view of what ruminants require in terms of nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molosse VL, Pereira DAB, Rigon F, Loregian KE, Magnani E, Marcondes MI, Branco RH, Benedeti PDB, Paula EM. Use of Heating Methods and Xylose to Increase Rumen Undegradable Protein of Alternative Protein Sources: 2) Cottonseed Meal. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:41. [PMID: 36611654 PMCID: PMC9817811 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ruminal kinetics of protein sources may be changed by heat and sugar treatments. Thus, these processing methods may be used as alternatives to increase beef-cattle diets’ rumen undegradable protein (RUP). We aimed to evaluate the effects of processing cottonseed meals with autoclave, conventional, and microwave ovens, with and without using xylose, on the ruminal kinetics degradation parameters and intestinal digestibility (ID). In situ studies were conducted, and each sample was incubated in the rumen to determine dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) rumen degradation kinetics. In vitro studies were also conducted to evaluate ID. The control treatment had a greater soluble fraction for DM and CP than processed cottonseed meals (p < 0.05). The addition of xylose decreased both DM and CP water-soluble fractions (fraction A) of cottonseed meal heated in a conventional oven (p < 0.05). Compared to the control, we observed a decrease in effective degradability and increased RUP for all processed methods (p < 0.05). Furthermore, conventional and microwave ovens showed greater ID than the control. Moreover, xylose-treated groups heated in the autoclave and conventional ovens had greater ID than xylose-untreated cottonseed meal. Under these experimental conditions, cottonseed RUP was increased by the evaluated processing methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor L. Molosse
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil
| | - David A. B. Pereira
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Centro APTA Bovinos de Corte, Sertãozinho 14160-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rigon
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Centro APTA Bovinos de Corte, Sertãozinho 14160-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Kalista E. Loregian
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Centro APTA Bovinos de Corte, Sertãozinho 14160-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Magnani
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Centro APTA Bovinos de Corte, Sertãozinho 14160-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos I. Marcondes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Renata H. Branco
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Centro APTA Bovinos de Corte, Sertãozinho 14160-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro D. B. Benedeti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Paula
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Centro APTA Bovinos de Corte, Sertãozinho 14160-970, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Use of Heating Methods and Xylose to Increase Rumen Undegradable Protein of Alternative Protein Sources: 1) Peanut Meal. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010023. [PMID: 36611633 PMCID: PMC9818018 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut meal has an excellent total protein content but also has low rumen undegradable protein (RUP). High-performance ruminants have high RUP requirements. We aimed to evaluate the effects of processing peanut meal with an autoclave and conventional and microwave ovens, with and without using xylose on its ruminal kinetics degradation parameters and intestinal digestibility (ID). In situ studies were conducted to determine dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) rumen degradation kinetics. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate intestinal digestibility (ID). The control treatment had a greater fraction A for DM and CP than peanut meals processed with an autoclave or conventional oven. The control had greater kd for CP compared with the microwave. The addition of xylose decreased fraction A, the degradation rate of fraction B (kd) and RUP, and increased the protein B fraction of autoclaved peanut meal. We observed a decrease in effective degradability (ED) and increased RUP for processed treatments in all experiments compared with the control. Processing methods did not affect the protein ID of autoclaved peanut meal compared to the control. An interaction between xylose and heating time was observed, where increasing heating time linearly reduced the ID of xylose-untreated treatments. Overall, these results suggest that the tested methods effectively increased the RUP content of peanut meal.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zagorakis K, Milis C. Prediction of degradability and digestibility parameters of protein supplements used in sheep nutrition from nutrient composition. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:393. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Espinosa MER, Guevara-Oquendo VH, Newkirk RW, Yu P. Effect of heat processing methods on the protein molecular structure, physicochemical, and nutritional characteristics of faba bean (low and normal tannin) grown in western Canada. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Al-Wahaibi A, Osman AI, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Alqaisi O, Baawain M, Fawzy S, Rooney DW. Techno-economic evaluation of biogas production from food waste via anaerobic digestion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15719. [PMID: 32973335 PMCID: PMC7515879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Food waste is a major constituent in municipal solid wastes and its accumulation or disposal of in landfills is problematic, causing environmental issues. Herein, a techno-economic study is carried out on the potential of biogas production from different types of food waste generated locally. The biogas production tests were at two-time sets; 24-h and 21-day intervals and results showed a good correlation between those two-time sets. Thus, we propose to use the 24-h time set to evaluate feedstock fermentation capacity that is intended for longer periods. Our approach could potentially be applied within industry as the 24-h test can give a good indication of the potential substrate gas production as a quick test that saves time, with minimal effort required. Furthermore, polynomial models were used to predict the production of total gas and methane during the fermentation periods, which showed good matching between the theoretical and practical values with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.99. At day 21, the accumulative gas production value from mixed food waste samples was 1550 mL per 1 g of dry matter. An economic evaluation was conducted and showed that the case study breaks-even at $0.2944 per cubic metre. Any prices above this rate yield a positive net present value (NPV); at $0.39/m3 a discounted payback period of six years and a positive NPV of $3108 were calculated. If waste management fee savings are to be incorporated, the total savings would be higher, increasing annual cash flows and enhancing financial results. This economic evaluation serves as a preliminary guide to assess the economic feasibility based on the fluctuating value of methane when producing biogas from food waste via anaerobic digestion, thus could help biogas project developers investigate similar scale scenarios .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ahmed I Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Ala'a H Al-Muhtaseb
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Othman Alqaisi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mahad Baawain
- International Maritime College Oman, Sohar, Muscat, Oman
| | - Samer Fawzy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David W Rooney
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK
| |
Collapse
|