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King EH, Hopper RM. The Bull Breeding Soundness Examination and Its Application in the Production Setting. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2024; 40:19-27. [PMID: 38245355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
breeding soundness for several reasons and at several times during their life span. These include before sale for the reason of affirming their sale ability or before a breeding season to determine their readiness for breeding. Bulls may also be evaluated for diagnostic purposes. The breeding soundness examination (BSE) is universally promoted as an important management tool, but there continues to be a level of inconsistency in its performance. A complete bull BSE consists of a thorough physical examination including internal and external reproductive tract, measurement of the circumference of the scrotum and evaluation of individual sperm motility and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Heath King
- Theriogenology, Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Richard M Hopper
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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2
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Koziol JH. Ancillary Methods for Semen Evaluation. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2024; 40:41-49. [PMID: 37442678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cause of subfertility or poor fertility in naturally mated bulls should be differentiated from impotentia coeundi, generandi, or erigendi prior to ancillary semen evaluation. Bulls used for artificial insemination may undergo ancillary semen evaluation following low fertility rates as judged by poor conception or low pregnancy rates. Morphologically abnormal sperm have long been associated with bull subfertility and infertility. Some morphological defects such as improper sperm chromatin condensation are not visible using traditional light microscopy and require specialized staining. Ancillary semen evaluation is useful in cases where the reason for low or absence of fertility needs to be identified. As compared to SEM, TEM can be extremely useful for identifying minuscule acrosome defects, issues with chromatin, and centrosome defects and is considered the gold standard method for the identification of midpiece and tail defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Koziol
- Texas Tech School of Veterinary Medicine, 7671 Evans Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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Hernández-Avilés C, Ramírez-Agámez L, Pearson M, Beckham AMN, Varner DD, Love CC. A matter of agreement: The effect of the technique and evaluator on the analysis of morphologic defects in stallion sperm. Theriogenology 2023; 202:74-83. [PMID: 36924698 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of sperm morphology is an important part of the stallion breeding soundness evaluation since it provides an objective measure of a stallion's sperm quality and is one of many factors that estimate a stallion's fertility potential. To describe the effect of sperm quality level on the technique (Differential Interference Contrast - DIC; Phase-contrast - PH; Dip-Quick staining - DQ; and eosin-nigrosin staining - EN; semen samples fixed in buffered-formal saline) and evaluator (three evaluators; using only DIC), stallions were categorized based on sperm quality into three categories: High: >57% normal sperm, Moderate: 23-56% normal sperm, or Low: <23% normal sperm (four stallions per category). The data were analyzed using three different statistical methods: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), correlative analysis, and Bland-Altman method (agreement). A higher level of agreement among techniques was observed between DIC and PH for morphologically normal sperm. The agreement between the alternative methods (EN, DQ, or PH) and the standard method (DIC) varied, depending on the sperm quality level (High, Moderate, or Low). Some morphological defects (e.g., AH, AMP) were constantly underestimated with the staining methods (DQ, EN) compared to DIC and PH, particularly in ejaculates with low sperm morphology. Underestimation of some abnormalities, due to the technique or the evaluator, has the potential to alter the clinical interpretation of stallion fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Hernández-Avilés
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Luisa Ramírez-Agámez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mariah Pearson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Anne M N Beckham
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dickson D Varner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Charles C Love
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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4
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Satisfactory breeding potential is transiently eliminated in beef bulls with clinical anaplasmosis. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:381. [PMID: 36309670 PMCID: PMC9617051 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural service breeding is common in U.S. cow-calf operations. Diseases impacting bull reproductive performance have significant economic consequences for producers. Anaplasmosis may be an underappreciated cause of poor reproductive performance in bulls. The primary systemic effects of bovine anaplasmosis including anemia, fever, and weight loss, can all result in unsatisfactory reproductive performance. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate breeding soundness examination (BSE) outcomes and clinical changes in bulls during and upon resolution of clinical anaplasmosis. Anaplasma marginale-challenged bulls were observed for clinical disease and infection progression and changes in breeding soundness compared to uninfected control bulls for 16 weeks. Results All Anaplasma marginale-challenged bulls were PCR-positive, seropositive, and showed clinical signs by 3-, 17-, and 24-days post-challenge, respectively. Clinical signs of anaplasmosis included pallor, icterus, fever (≥ 40.2 °C), and weight loss. Acute anemia was observed in all challenged bulls with PCV nadirs ≤ 18% and peak percent parasitized erythrocyte ≥ 50%. Decreased scrotal circumference and poor semen quality (e.g., increased percentage of abnormal spermatozoa, decreased progressively motile sperm), were initially observed within days after onset of clinical anaplasmosis signs and continued weeks beyond disease resolution. Control bulls remained negative for A. marginale. Conclusion This pilot study demonstrates that clinical anaplasmosis reduces breeding soundness in beef bulls. Anaplasmosis should be considered as a differential for bulls with decreased semen quality, especially within endemic areas. A 90 day or greater retest window is recommended for bulls of unsatisfactory breeding potential recently recovered from clinical anaplasmosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03470-7.
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Surmacz P, Niwinska A, Kautz E, Gizinski S, Faundez R. Comparison of two staining techniques on the manual and automated canine sperm morphology analysis. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:678-684. [PMID: 35212033 PMCID: PMC9311200 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Detailed and direct analysis of semen, including sperm morphology, enables a diagnosis of male fertility. This study aimed to describe an economical and verified protocol for canine spermiograms and compare the effectiveness of Sperm Stain® and Sperm Blue® (Microptic, Spain) in veterinary practice. Sperm assessment was conducted manually, using a standard optical microscope, and via computerized semen analysis using the SCA® CASA (Sperm Class Analyzer® CASA System‐MICROPTIC, Spain). This study showed that Sperm Blue® is a better solution for computerized sperm quality analysis of healthy dogs. At the same time, Sperm Stain® turned out to be more helpful in identifying specific morphological defects of sperm. Automated canine sperm morphology analysis worked better with Sperm Blue stain, but Sperm Stain simplified manual evaluation of various organelles’ defects. Standard, manual examination is more error‐prone for an inexperienced andrology technician, but it seems to be still a gold standard technique for canine sperm assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Surmacz
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS - SGGW
| | - A Niwinska
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS - SGGW
| | - E Kautz
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - S Gizinski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS - SGGW
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Chacón L, Navarro O, Ladino C, Martins J, Perez J, Ardila A. Sexual behavior and seminal characteristics of Brahman bulls in the Colombian tropical flooded savanna: effects of reproductive management systems and climatic periods. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:81. [PMID: 35084600 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the seminal traits and sexual behaviors of mature Brahman bulls in a multi-sire system during mating or resting seasons and different climatic periods of the year at the Colombian flooded savannas. Thirty-two Brahman bulls, suitable for reproduction, were used, which were subjected to breeding soundness evaluation, as well as the libido and service capacity tests. Such evaluations were compared among different seasons of the year in relation to the rainfall. Libido and service capacity tests were carried out in paddock for 12 continuous hours. Scrotal circumference and all seminal traits were not influenced by the mating or rest seasons, neither by the different climatic periods. However, libido and service capacity were significantly affected by the climatic periods, decreasing their expression during the intense rainfall season, and increasing during the transition period from summer to the onset of rains, which could be considered the appropriate time to establish mating seasons in this region. Furthermore, a high positive correlation was observed between libido and service capacity confirmed by a logistic model that animals with low libido have low probability of having high service capacity. In conclusion, although Brahman bulls are physiologically adapted to tropical regions, their expression of sexual behavior is markedly influenced by the weather. Hence, the use of libido test may serve as a good predictor of the service capacity, and a useful tool to improve the selection of sires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Chacón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Navarro
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cesar Ladino
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Martins
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Rua Icaro de Sousa Moreira, 126, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Jair Perez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ariosto Ardila
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
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7
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Górski K, Kondracki S, Iwanina M, Kordan W, Fraser L. Effects of breed and ejaculate volume on sperm morphology and semen parameters of boars. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13629. [PMID: 34477292 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the relation between the semen quality, frequency of sperm defects, sperm dimensions and shape, and the ejaculate volume of Large White and Landrace boars. A total of 648 ejaculates collected from 31 Large White and 30 Landrace boars were divided into three groups according to the criterion of the ejaculate volume. In this study Landrace boars produced ejaculates with higher volume, sperm concentration, and total numbers of spermatozoa than Large White boars. Landrace boars also showed a lower frequency of sperm with morphological abnormalities (P < 0.05). Landrace boars sperm had larger heads, which were by 0.15 μm longer, and by a larger perimeter and area (P < 0.05). Landrace boar spermatozoa also had a longer flagellum and were generally larger and by 2.07 μm longer than Large White boar sperm (P < 0.05). Significant differences were also found in the shape of sperm of the two breeds (P < 0.05). Landrace boars sperm had more elongated heads, and the ratio of head size to flagellum length was lower than in Large White boars sperm (P < 0.05). Sperm from ejaculates with low volume had a shorter flagellum and a greater head length/flagellum length ratio than sperm from medium- and high-volume ejaculates (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Animal Production and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Stanisław Kondracki
- Institute of Animal Production and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Maria Iwanina
- Institute of Animal Production and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Władysław Kordan
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Leyland Fraser
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Perry VEA. The Role of Sperm Morphology Standards in the Laboratory Assessment of Bull Fertility in Australia. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:672058. [PMID: 34124227 PMCID: PMC8187580 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.672058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of standardization in the laboratory assessment of semen questions the reliability of semen analysis, and makes meaningful interpretation of these evaluations impossible. We herein describe a standardization program for morphology assessment currently in place in Australia and outline the methods used, both for the categorization of the abnormalities, including newly described abnormalities, and those that permit standardized microscopic assessment between laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E A Perry
- Queensland Sperm Morphology Laboratory, Ruminant Reproduction Research Centre, Goondiwindi, QLD, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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9
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Effects of Theileria orientalis Ikeda type infection on libido and semen quality of bulls. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 214:106312. [PMID: 32087922 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is an epidemic in New Zealand of infectious bovine anaemia associated with Theileria orientalis Ikeda type, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. To establish whether T. orientalis Ikeda type infection adversely affects fertility of bulls used for natural mating, a randomised controlled experimental study was conducted. Ten of 17 2-year-old Friesian bulls that had not been previously infected with T. orientalis were infected with T. orientalis Ikeda type and then evaluations occurred during a 20-week period. There were semen and libido evaluations every 2 weeks, starting 4 weeks before the date of infection. In addition, there were blood collections, for haematocrit and infection intensity evaluations, rectal temperatures recorded, and bulls weighed three times weekly for 13 weeks after infection and then once weekly until completion of the study. Physical activity meters were also attached from Days 9-60 and 65-124 post-infection. The ten bulls were successfully infected with T. orientalis Ikeda type and this resulted in a decrease in HCT to about 0.25 by 70 days post-infection. There were no effects of infection on semen quality; however, during the acute phase of infection, when the infection intensity was rapidly increasing, the infected bulls took a longer time period for repeated mounting of females, and were less dominant in the herd social heiracrchy. In conclusion, although the transitory effects on libido could reduce conception rates, the overall effects of T. orientalis Ikeda type infection on bull fertility will probably be little.
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10
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Wysokińska A, Kondracki S. Heterosis for morphometric characteristics of sperm cells from Duroc x Pietrain crossbred boars. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 211:106217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Gororo E, Zulu PT, Chatiza FP, Mhuka C. Effects of different extenders and storage temperatures on longevity of small East African goat (Capra hircus) semen. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Díaz-Miranda EA, Maitan PP, Machado TP, Camilo BS, Lima DA, Okano DS, Penitente-Filho JM, Machado-Neves M, de Oliveira LL, Guimarães SEF, da Costa EP, Guimarães JD. Disruption of bovine sperm functions in the presence of aplastic midpiece defect. Andrology 2019; 8:201-210. [PMID: 30908900 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulls are of great importance in the productive chain and for this reason they should have a good semen quality. There is no doubt that sperm morphology is very important to bull fertility, although little is known about how exactly the abnormal morphologies may affect sperm functions. OBJECTIVES To detail the morphological description of the aplastic midpiece defect (AMD), as well as to understand its consequences for male fertility based on membrane and acrosome status, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA integrity parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bulls were divided into two groups: control, consisting of satisfactory potential breeders (n = 3); and AMD, consisting of unsatisfactory potential breeders with a high percentage of AMD (n = 3). Bulls were evaluated by the breeding soundness evaluation; five ejaculates were collected from each animal and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Spermatozoa from AMD group exhibited lower sperm motility and vigor (p < 0.05). In addition, it also exhibited lower mitochondrial membrane potential (p < 0.05), a higher percentage of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation (p < 0.05), lower acrosome and plasma membrane integrity (p < 0.05), and higher lipid bilayer sperm membrane disorganization (p < 0.05) in comparison with control bulls. DISCUSSION These findings may be due to oxidative stress and a reduction of the energy production capacity in addition to an alteration in the structural composition of the sperm cell. Moreover, semen with a high percentage of AMD may also be undergoing apoptosis. CONCLUSION Bulls with a high percentage of AMD in their semen are not suitable for reproduction. Furthermore, it suggests there is a putative genetic basis for this sperm defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Díaz-Miranda
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - P P Maitan
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - T P Machado
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - B S Camilo
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - D A Lima
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - D S Okano
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - J M Penitente-Filho
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - M Machado-Neves
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - L L de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - S E F Guimarães
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - E P da Costa
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - J D Guimarães
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Czubaszek M, Andraszek K, Banaszewska D, Walczak-Jędrzejowska R. The effect of the staining technique on morphological and morphometric parameters of boar sperm. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214243. [PMID: 30908553 PMCID: PMC6433247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm morphology and morphometry are important parameters in predicting fertility. Sperm are considered to be normal if the shape and size of the head, midpiece and tail fall within the classification for a given species. It is important to select the appropriate technique for staining the semen of a given species, because, as many authors have pointed out, some methods work well for one species but are not suitable for analysing another. The aim of the study was to assess the morphometric parameters of boar sperm following the use of different staining techniques and to verify the hypothesis that the staining technique affects the morphometric parameters of sperm. The staining method was found to significantly affect the dimensions of the boar sperm head. The semen stained by the SpermBlue technique had the closest morphometric sperm head parameters to those of the unstained sperm, so this technique, rather than the routinely used eosin and gentian complex, should be the leading technique in the evaluation of boar sperm morphometry. Silver nitrate staining reveals the structure of the sperm in the most detail; this method can be considered universal, and can be used independently or to supplement routine diagnostics. As the staining technique should interfere as little as possible with the structure of the sperm, while revealing its morphology in as much detail as possible, it is crucial to establish the natural dimensions of the unstained sperm head before determining the optimal technique and its reference values. The recommended or most commonly-used techniques are not always the best options for the staining and analysis of sperm of a given species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czubaszek
- Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Andraszek
- Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Dorota Banaszewska
- Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
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14
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Kleshchev MA, Petukhov VL, Osadchuk LV. Semen quality and diversity of morphological sperm abnormalities in bulls: breed and strain effects. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
At present great attention is paid to studying genetic regulation of farm animal adaptations to environmental conditions. This problem is very important due to a wide expansion of highly productive cattle breeds created in Europe and North America. However, until the present no investigation of changing semen quality in bulls of imported breeds during their adaptations to environmental conditions of Western Siberia has been conducted. The aim of this study was to investigate semen quality peculiarities and the diversity of morphological sperm abnormalities in bulls of imported and local breeds kept in the environmental conditions of the southern part of Western Siberia. We determined sperm concentration, sperm count, and rate of sperm with progressive motility and percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa. The rate of sperm abnormalities according to Blome’s classifcation was determined too. It was found that the mean values of sperm concentration, sperm motility and percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa in the bulls investigated were similar to those in bulls kept in European countries. Interbreed differences in these parameters were not found. However, bulls of the Red Danish, Angler, and Simmental breeds had a higher percentage of misshapen sperm head and pyriform sperm head than bulls of the BlackWhite breed. An interstrain difference in sperm motility in bulls of the BlackWhite breed was observed. It was found that bulls of Reflection Sovereign 198998 strain had lover sperm motility than bulls of Wis Burke Ideal 1013415 strain. No interstrain differences in sperm production, percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa and rate of main sperm abnormalities were found. Thus, it has been found that the environmental conditions of the southern part of Western Siberia do not seriously affect the sperm production, sperm motility or percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa in bulls. However, the increased rate of misshapen and pyriform sperm heads in the bulls of the foreign breeds points to a need to study sperm DNA fragmentation.
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Rajabi-Toustani R, Akter QS, Almadaly EA, Hoshino Y, Adachi H, Mukoujima K, Murase T. Methodological improvement of fluorescein isothiocyanate peanut agglutinin (FITC-PNA) acrosomal integrity staining for frozen-thawed Japanese Black bull spermatozoa. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:694-702. [PMID: 30606905 PMCID: PMC6541845 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the staining of frozen-thawed Japanese Black bull sperm acrosomes with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut agglutinin (FITC-PNA). Spermatozoa were
washed, fixed with 1–3% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in suspension for 10, 20, and 30 min, permeabilized with 0–2% Triton X-100 for 5 min, stained with FITC-PNA, and mounted with different
antifade agents (0.22 M 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane (DABCO), SlowFade®, and ProLong®) in suspension (In-suspension) or on a smear (On-smear). The spermatozoa were categorized into seven
pattern types either immediately or after storage for 24 hr. Experiment 1 showed that 1) the In-suspension method was better than the On-smear method; 2) if spermatozoa were stained using
the In-suspension method and examined immediately, the best antifade agent was SlowFade®; 3) if samples were to be stored after staining using the On-smear method, DABCO should be avoided;
4) if spermatozoa were stained using the In-suspension method, storage of the stained samples was not recommended; and 5) if samples were to be stored after staining using the In-suspension
method, ProLong® might be the best antifade agent. The results of experiment 2 showed that the concentration of Triton X-100 could be reduced to 0.1 from 1%. The results of experiment 3
showed that the paraformaldehyde concentration used for a 30 min fixation could be reduced from 3 to 2%. It is expected that the improved staining protocol will be useful to determine bull
sperm acrosomal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rajabi-Toustani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Quzi Sharmin Akter
- Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Essam A Almadaly
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, El-Geish street, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Yoichiro Hoshino
- Hida Beef Cattle Research Department, Gifu Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Takayama 506-0101, Japan.,Present address: Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 622-0203, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Adachi
- Hida Beef Cattle Research Department, Gifu Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Takayama 506-0101, Japan
| | - Koushi Mukoujima
- Hida Beef Cattle Research Department, Gifu Prefectural Livestock Research Institute, Takayama 506-0101, Japan
| | - Tetsuma Murase
- Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Effects of staining method and clinician experience on the evaluation of stallion sperm morphology. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 188:165-169. [PMID: 29198956 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of sperm morphology is part of the assessment of fertility in human and animal reproduction. Analyses can be performed using different techniques, including the use of staining methods In our prospective study, the morphology of equine sperm was evaluated using 3 staining methods Diff-Quik, eosin-nigrosin, and SpermBlue, the latter being a relatively new stain commonly used for human sperm. Our hypotheses were that (1) SpermBlue allows easier assessment of horse sperm morphology and facilitates better identification of sperm abnormalities, and (2) sperm morphology classification differs depending on the evaluator's experience. Semen was obtained from various horse breeds; 40 samples from stallions between 2 and 15 years of age were collected during the 2016 breeding season and stored in a 2% buffered formaldehyde solution until processing. For each sample, 3 semen smears were made and stained with Diff-Quik, eosin-nigrosin, and SpermBlue. All morphological parameters were then evaluated blindly using a light microscope by a novice evaluator and a more experienced evaluator. For each slide, 200 spermatozoa were examined randomly and classified according to their characteristics. For the identification of morphologically normal spermatozoa, no significant difference between evaluators was found with any of the staining methods used. In contrast, significant differences between evaluators were observed in the classification of some anomalies affecting mainly the midpiece and the tail. Poor dye fixation was observed with SpermBlue.
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17
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Kondracki S, Wysokińska A, Kania M, Górski K. Application of Two Staining Methods for Sperm Morphometric Evaluation in Domestic Pigs. J Vet Res 2017; 61:345-349. [PMID: 29978093 PMCID: PMC5894426 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The effect of two smear staining methods on the dimensions and shape of sperm cells in the semen of domestic pigs was evaluated. Material and Methods The studies were carried out on 30 ejaculates collected from 15 boars, which included five Duroc boars, five Pietrain boars, and five hybrid Duroc × Pietrain boars. Each ejaculate was next sampled to make two microscopic slides, of which one was stained with eosin-nigrosin and the other with eosin-gentian dye. In total, 600 measurements of sperm cells were made. Each sperm was measured for the following morphometric parameters: head length, head width, head area, head perimeter, tail length, and the total sperm length. Results Sperms measured on slides stained with eosin-nigrosin showed lower dimensions as compared with those stained with the eosin-gentian dye method. Sperm stained with eosin-nigrosin had shorter and narrower heads than sperm stained with eosin-gentian dye. The method of staining, therefore, affected not only the dimensions of the sperm, but also the proportions of the dimensions defining the shape of the sperm. Conclusions The size and shape parameters in porcine sperm may take on different values depending on the method of semen staining. Sperm cells stained with eosin-nigrosin are smaller than the sperm stained with eosin-gentian dye. The sensitivity of the sperm to the type of dye used for the fixation may be associated with genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Kondracki
- Department of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Anna Wysokińska
- Department of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kania
- Department of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Górski
- Department of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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Segabinazzi LG, Mercês Chaves LF, Araujo EA, Nunes de Oliveira S, Pena de Andrade Junior LR, Cardoso Okada CT, de Paula Andrade V, de Paula Freitas Dell'Aqua C, Papa FO, Alvarenga MA. Dip Quick Staining Modified for Morphological Evaluation to Equine Spermatozoa. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Quality of Pinzgau bull spermatozoa following different periods of cryostorage. ZYGOTE 2017; 25:215-221. [PMID: 28274295 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199417000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to examine the influence of cryostorage duration of Pinzgau bull's insemination doses (IDs) on some sperm traits. The IDs were frozen by a slow freezing method and stored in liquid nitrogen for different periods: less than 8 years (group 1), 8-13 years (group 2) and 14-18 years (group 3). Motility (CASA), pathological sperm rate (Giemsa staining), apoptotic (Yo-Pro-1-positive) and necrotic (propidium iodide-positive) cell occurrence and fertilizing ability (penetration/fertilization test) of spermatozoa were evaluated post-thaw. The average post-thaw sperm motility in all examined groups was over 40%. No significant influence of storage length either on the sperm total motility or progressive movement was revealed. In each tested group the average rate of malformed spermatozoa did not exceed 20%. No effect of cryostorage length on the occurrence of apoptotic or necrotic sperm was noted. Similarly, penetrating/fertilizing ability of sperm did not differ among the groups, excepting differences in the rate of pronuclei (PN) formation. In group 1, 72.9% of eggs showed two visible PN following 20 h incubation with sperm, whilst in groups 2 and 3 only 67 and 54.5% of zygotes, respectively, had both PN at this time. These results revealed no influence of storage time on the bull spermatozoa in all parameters excepting the rate of PN formation. As high inter-male variability was observed in the susceptibility of bull sperm to cryostorage, individual differences should be taken into account when semen from individual bulls is to be stored for a long time.
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Hancock A, Younis P, Beggs D, Mansell P, Stevenson M, Pyman M. An assessment of dairy herd bulls in southern Australia: 1. Management practices and bull breeding soundness evaluations. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9983-9997. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Valverde A, Arenán H, Sancho M, Contell J, Yániz J, Fernández A, Soler C. Morphometry and subpopulation structure of Holstein bull spermatozoa: variations in ejaculates and cryopreservation straws. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:851-857. [PMID: 27678464 PMCID: PMC5109875 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.187579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm quality is evaluated for the calculation of sperm dosage in artificial reproductive programs. The most common parameter used is motility, but morphology has a higher potential as a predictor of genetic quality. Morphometry calculations from CASA-Morph technology improve morphological evaluation and allow mathematical approaches to the problem. Semen from 28 Holstein bulls was collected by artificial vagina, and several ejaculates were studied. After general evaluation, samples were diluted, packaged in 0.25 ml straws, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Two straws per sample were thawed, and slides were processed and stained with Diff-Quik. Samples were analyzed by a CASA-Morph system for eight morphometric parameters. In addition to the "classical" statistical approach, based on variance analysis (revealing differences between animals, ejaculates, and straws), principal component (PC) analysis showed that the variables were grouped into PC1, related to size, and PC2 to shape. Subpopulation structure analysis showed four groups, namely, big, small, short, and narrow from their dominant characteristics, representing 31.0%, 27.3%, 24.1%, and 17.7% of the total population, respectively. The distributions varied between animals and ejaculates, but between straws, there were no differences in only four animals. This modern approach of considering an ejaculate sperm population as divided into subpopulations reflecting quantifiable parameters generated by CASA-Morph systems technology opens a new view on sperm function. This is the first study applying this approach to evaluate different ejaculates and straws from the same individual. More work must be done to improve seminal dose calculations in assisted reproductive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Valverde
- Technological Institute of Costa Rica, San Carlos Campus, School of Agronomy, 223-21001 Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - Héctor Arenán
- Xenética Fontao, Fontao-Esperante, 27210 Lugo, Spain
| | - María Sancho
- R+D Department, Proiser R+D, Scientific Park, University of València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jesús Contell
- R+D Department, Proiser R+D, Scientific Park, University of València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jesús Yániz
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Politechnical School of Huesca, University of Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain
| | | | - Carles Soler
- R+D Department, Proiser R+D, Scientific Park, University of València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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22
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Semen characteristics and refrigeration in free-ranging giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). Theriogenology 2015; 84:1572-80. [PMID: 26376226 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is considered vulnerable to extinction. Scientific data on the reproductive parameters of this species are scarce. Semen from eight free-ranging giant anteaters was collected to establish its characteristics and the effects of cooling and storage at 5 °C after dilution with the BotuCrio extender without cryoprotectant. The ejaculate presented two distinct sequential fractions, including a whitish fraction, which was milky and rich in sperm cells, and a gel fraction, which was colorless, viscous, and azoospermic. The mean ± standard error of the mean values of the seminal characteristics were as follows: volume of the first fraction, 0.75 ± 0.1 mL; motility, 75 ± 2.9%; vigor, 3.2 ± 0.3; sperm motility index, 68.8 ± 4.3; concentration, 108.5 ± 13.4 × 10(6)/mL; plasma membrane integrity index, 71 ± 4.0%; spermatic defects detected using modified Karras staining, 35.5 ± 3.3%; and spermatic alterations identified by differential interference contrast microscopy, 48.3 ± 6.8%. During refrigeration, the semen presented decreasing motility from 0 to 18 hours, sperm motility index decreased from 0 to 24 hours, and vigor did not change in the first 6 hours and then decreased to 18 hours.
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23
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The Trumorph® system: The new universal technique for the observation and analysis of the morphology of living sperm. [corrected]. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 158:1-10. [PMID: 26003741 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of sperm morphology is a fundamental component of semen analysis, but its real significance has been obscured by a plethora of techniques that involve fixation and staining procedures that induce artefacts. Here we describe Trumorph℗®, a new method for sperm morphology assessment that is based upon examination of wet preparations of living spermatozoa immobilized by a short 60°C shock using negative phase contrast microscopy. We have observed samples from five animals of the following species: bull, boar, goat and rabbit. In every case, all the components of the sperm head and tail were perfectly defined, including the acrosome and midpiece (in all its length, including cytoplasmic droplets). A range of morphological forms was observed, similar to those found by conventional fixed and stained preparations, but other forms were found, distinguishable only by the optics used. The ease of preparation makes it a robust method applicable for analysis of living unmodified spermatozoa in a range of situations. Subsequent studies on well-characterized samples are required to describe the morphology of potentially fertilizing spermatozoa.
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Lucio ACD, Ferraudo AS, Oliveira LZD, Carmo ASD, Alves BG, Alves KA, Almeida S, Deragon LA, Pereira W, Carneiro LC, Lima VFMHD. Exploratory analysis of differences in sperm morphology in Nelore and Gir (Bos indicus) bulls. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:765-70. [PMID: 24622899 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of breed and season on semen quality parameters of zebu bulls. Data (1,632 registers) of semen production from Gir (n = 4) and Nelore (n = 15) bulls were collected between October 2005 and November 2009. The ejaculates were collected twice a week during various seasons (summer, fall, winter, and spring) and evaluated for the following semen parameters: ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, forward progressive motility (FPM), and sperm morphology. Factor analysis was used to determine the relationship among variables. The effect of breed (Gir and Nelore) and season and their cross effect on each parameter and extracted factor were tested using ANOVA. A negative correlation (P < 0.05) was observed between FPM and proximal droplet, as well as with abnormal loose head, abnormal small head, pouch formation, abnormal mid-piece, and strongly folded tail. Gir bull sperm showed more major defects, detached acrosome, and minor FPM (P < 0.01), whereas Nelore bulls showed a higher number of sperm with normally loose head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Costa de Lucio
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil,
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25
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Álvarez-Guerrero A, Medrano A, Moreno-Mendoza N. Characterization of gametes in two phyllostomid bat species: Artibeus jamaicensis and Sturnira lilium. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 145:170-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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du Plessis L, Soley JT. Light microscopic features and morphometry of sperm in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Theriogenology 2014; 81:203-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Evaluation of morphological criteria of sperm quality before in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Pol J Vet Sci 2013; 16:773-85. [DOI: 10.2478/pjvs-2013-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The quality of sperm has a direct influence on the fertilization and developmental competence of embryos. In the literature we did not find defined criteria for evaluation of normal sperm parameters in various species of domestic mammals. Therefore we attempted to review evaluation of criteria of morphologically normal human sperm and their abnormalities. All sperm cells observed in the stained sample are classified as normal or abnormal. Any abnormalities in morphology of sperm have a negative effect on the outcome in in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Abnormal sperm are categorized into subgroups according to the observed defects (concerning the head and/or midpiece and/or tail). Most morphologically abnormal sperm have multiple defects. This article can be considered as guideline for the manual of sperm quality evaluation in different species of domestic mammals.
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28
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Sousa PC, Santos EA, Souza AL, Lima GL, Barros FF, Oliveira MF, Silva AR. Sperm morphological and morphometric evaluation in captive collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013000700014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare different staining methods for the evaluation of sperm morphology by light microscopy and also to describe the morphometry of the entire sperm in collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu). Semen from 10 males was obtained by electroejaculation and evaluated for sperm motility, vigor, and concentration. Semen smears were prepared through three different staining methods: Bengal rose, brome-phenol blue, and eosin-nigrosin. Smears were evaluated under light microscopy and sperm morphologic alterations were determined in percentage. In addition, sperm morphometric analysis was conducted by light microscopy coupled to image analyzer software. The smears stained with Bengal Rose provide the best results for the visualization of the sperm tail, midpiece, and head. The use of eosin-nigrosin stain did not allow an adequate impregnation, and some sperm presented a few contrasts with the background. A higher incidence of bent coiled tails was verified in the use of brome-phenol blue staining (P<0.05). Through morphometric evaluation, it was observed that the tail occupies the greatest proportion (89%) of the sperm which presents a discretely elongated head. According to the results, the use of the Bengal Rose stain is recommended for the morphologic evaluation of the collared peccary sperm.
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29
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Effect of method and clinician on stallion sperm morphology evaluation. Theriogenology 2011; 76:745-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Andraszek K, Smalec E. The use of silver nitrate for the identification of spermatozoon structure in selected mammals. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas10052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Andraszek, K. and Smalec, E. 2011. The use of silver nitrate for the identification of spermatozoon structure in selected mammals. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 239–246. The spermatozoon is one of the most diversified cell types, and the chromatin of the haploid spermatozoon genome is essentially different from that of the somatic cell as regards its chemical composition, structure and function. Although the structure of spermatozoon chromatin has crucial importance for fertilization and embryo development, standard staining techniques are still predominantly used for identifying semen quality and the assessment of spermatozoa is most often limited to detecting irregularities in their morphological structure. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the usefulness of silver nitrate staining for assessing spermatozoon morphology and identifying spermatozoon structure. Spermatozoa isolated from testes and semen were examined. Silver nitrate staining made it possible to identify many significant details of the morphological structure of the spermatozoon and could be successfully employed in sperm morphology assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Andraszek
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Smalec
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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