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Burato S, Walker MB, Goncalves LM, Oosthuizen N, Zoca SM, Henry DD, Ciriaco FM, Ranches J, Fontes PLP. Influence of early progesterone removal on follicular development, expression of estrus, and pregnancy rates in presynchronized postpartum beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 267:107541. [PMID: 38909485 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of early progesterone removal on pregnancy rates to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in presynchronized beef cows. Postpartum beef cows (n = 882) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) 7&7 Synch: cows received a controlled internal drug release insert (CIDR) and a 25-mg injection of prostaglandin F2α on day 0, 100 μg of GnRH on day 7, a second injection of prostaglandin F2α (PG2) at CIDR removal on day 14, and a second injection of GnRH at FTAI 60-66 h after PG2 (day 17); 2) 7&6 Synch: cows received the same treatment as 7&7 Synch; however, CIDR removal occurred in conjunction with PG2 on day 13, while FTAI remained at 60-66 h after CIDR removal (day 16). Ovarian ultrasonography was performed to determine follicle diameter at PG2 and FTAI in a subset of cows (n = 40). Cows exposed to the 7&7 Synch tended to have larger follicle diameter at PG2 compared with 7&6 Synch cows (P = 0.09); however, there were no differences in follicle diameter at FTAI. No differences were determined between treatments for the expression of estrus (7&7 Synch: 61.6 ± 5.30; 7&6 Synch: 54.1 ± 5.45; P = 0.31) or pregnancy rates to FTAI (7&7 Synch: 60.8 ± 3.83; 7&6 Synch: 57.0 ± 3.84; P = 0.42). In conclusion, early removal of progesterone did not impact pregnancy rates in presynchronized beef cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Burato
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Madison Blake Walker
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lucas Melo Goncalves
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | | - Darren Dwayne Henry
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Juliana Ranches
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR 97720, USA
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Alves RLOR, Silva LOE, Silva MAD, Consentini CEC, Gonçalves JRS, Melo LDFE, Rodrigues MB, Sartori R. Timed-artificial insemination protocols for Bos indicus beef heifers: Evaluation of protocol length and variations in prostaglandin F2α treatments. Theriogenology 2024; 223:122-130. [PMID: 38723426 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The aim was to compare reproductive outcomes of Nelore heifers submitted to timed AI (TAI) protocols, with 7 or 9 d of permanence of the intravaginal progesterone (P4) device and different times of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) administration, for first (n = 935) and second (n = 530) services. On Day -24, heifers without corpus luteum (CL) underwent a protocol for induction of ovulation. On Day 0, heifers received a P4 device (0.5 g) and 1.5 mg estradiol (E2) benzoate. In order for the TAI to be carried out on the same day, these treatments were performed 2 d later on the heifers treated with the 7-d protocol. Additionally, heifers received 0.5 mg PGF at different times, resulting in four experimental groups: 9dP4-PGFd9 (n = 365); 9dP4-PGFd7 (n = 369); 9dP4-PGFd0&9 (n = 364); 7dP4-PGFd0&7 (n = 367). These nomenclatures indicate for how many d the P4 device was kept and the specific day on which PGF was given. At P4 removal, all heifers received 0.5 mg E2 cypionate and 200 IU eCG, and TAI was performed 2 d later. Effects were considered significant when P ≤ 0.05 (superscript letters a,b) whereas a tendency was assumed when 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10. Groups 9dP4-PGFd0&9 and 7dP4-PGFd0&7 had lower percentage of heifers with CL at P4 removal. The diameter (mm) of the dominant follicle (DF) was affected by treatment at P4 removal (9dP4-PGFd9: 11.3 ± 0.3b; 9dP4-PGFd7: 11.8 ± 0.2ab; 9dP4-PGFd0&9: 12.6 ± 0.2a; 7dP4-PGFd0&7: 10.8 ± 0.2c) and at TAI (9dP4-PGFd9: 12.7 ± 0.3ab; 9dP4-PGFd7: 13.2 ± 0.2a; 9dP4-PGFd0&9: 13.4 ± 0.2a; 7dP4-PGFd0&7: 12.4 ± 0.3b). Expression of estrus (%) was affected by treatment (9dP4-PGFd9: 89.6a; 9dP4-PGFd7: 93.5a; 9dP4-PGFd0&9: 88.2ab; 7dP4-PGFd0&7: 85.6b). There were no differences among treatments for P/AI on Day 40 (30-35 d post AI), final P/AI (between Day 70 and parturition) and pregnancy loss (between Day 40 and final P/AI). When the permanence of the P4 device was compared, regardless of PGF treatments, 9-d protocols resulted in greater DF diameter at P4 removal and at TAI, and greater expression of estrus (90.4 vs. 85.6%) than the 7-d protocol. Despite that, the 7-d protocol resulted in greater P/AI on Day 40 (55.3 vs. 49.1%). In addition, there was an interaction between protocol duration and body weight, in which heavier heifers (≥ 307 kg) had greater P/AI when treated with the 7-d protocol, in comparison to 9-d. In conclusion, longer TAI protocols (9 d of P4 device duration) resulted in greater DF diameter and expression of estrus. However, the shorter TAI protocol (7 d of P4 device duration) produced greater P/AI on Day 40, particularly in heavier heifers. Within 9-d protocols, the additional dose of PGF on Day 0 or the anticipation of the PGF to Day 7 did not influence fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo L O R Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas O E Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus A da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos E C Consentini
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; GlobalGen Vet Science, Jaboticabal, SP, 14887-244, Brazil
| | - José R S Gonçalves
- "Hildegard Georgina Von Pritzelwitz" Experimental Station, Londrina, PR, 86010-990, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de F E Melo
- Department of Animal Science, Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, 74001-970, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Silva EP, Antoniazzi AQ, Borges JBS, Monteiro PLJ, Machado AB, Dias MM, Portela Junior VVM, Wiltbank MC. Early induction of luteolysis in a timed AI protocol increases reproductive performance in beef cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 88:106853. [PMID: 38729096 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce a longer proestrus by early administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) in a timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol in non-suckling Bos taurus (Angus crossbreed) beef cows. On day 0, cows (n = 489) were treated with an intravaginal 1 g progesterone (P4) device and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate. On day 7, cows were randomized into two groups: PGF7(n = 244; 500 µg of sodium cloprostenol 24 h before P4 device removal) or PFG8 (n = 245; 500 µg of sodium cloprostenol at P4 device removal). On day 8, P4 device was removed and cows received 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate. All cows were submitted to TAI on day 10 (48-50 hours after P4 device removal). Cows treated with PGF on day 7 had greater expression of estrus (91.3 vs 79.1 %; P = 0.0011), regardless of CL presence at beginning of the protocol. Cows from PGF7 group had lower circulating P4 concentrations on day 8 in comparison with PGF8 treated cows (1.86 vs 2.99 ng/mL; P < 0.001). However, preovulatory follicle diameter did not differ among treatments at TAI (11.9 vs 11.8 mm; P = 0.7881). Pregnancy per TAI (P/TAI) was greater for PGF7 (63.9 vs 50.6 %; P = 0.0114) than PGF8 treated cows. In cows with follicles <8.5 mm at TAI, expression of estrus (33.3 vs 26.6 %; P = 0.6427) and P/TAI (40 vs 26.6 %; P = 0.3657) were low in both PGF7 and PGF8 treated cows, respectively. In cows with medium follicle size (8.5 to 11.9 mm) PGF7 treated cows had greater expression of estrus (90.5 vs 80 %; P = 0.033) and P/TAI (62.2 vs 49 %; P = 0.053). In cows with follicles >12 mm, expression of estrus was greater for PGF7 than PGF8 treated cows (99.1 vs 93.3 %; P = 0.045), however P/TAI did not differ (68.2 vs 59 %; P = 0.149). In cows with P4 < 1.99 ng/mL on day 8, expression of estrus was similar between PGF7 and PGF8 treated cows (92.6 vs 90.4 %; P = 0.53), and P/TAI tended to be greater for PGF7 than PGF8 treated cows (63 vs 52.1 % P = 0.076). However, in cows with P4 > 2 ng/mL PGF7 cows had higher expression of estrus (89 vs 67.5 %; P = 0.0005) and P/TAI (64.8 vs 48.7 %; P = 0.021) than PGF8. Thus, increasing the proestrous period by inducing luteolysis 24 hours earlier than removing the P4 intravaginal device enhanced fertility in non-suckling cyclic beef cows by increasing expression of estrus and P/TAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Silva
- Unidade de Reprodução de Bovinos, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Q Antoniazzi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João B S Borges
- Unidade de Reprodução de Bovinos, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro L J Monteiro
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 United States
| | - Amanda B Machado
- Unidade de Reprodução de Bovinos, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Dias
- Unidade de Reprodução de Bovinos, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Valério V M Portela Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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Factor L, Vasconcellos GSFM, Carvalho VV, Acedo T, Cortinhas C, Chebel RC, Baruselli PS. Effects of supplementation of grazing Nellore cows with β-carotene and vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin on follicle diameter, oestrus, establishment of pregnancy, and foetal morphometry. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14660. [PMID: 38962998 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Nellore (Bos indicus) cows with β-carotene + vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin on body condition score (BCS), oestrus, pregnancy, and foetal morphometry. Lactating cows (n = 497) from two herds were balanced for BCS and calving period [early calving (EC); late calving (LC)] and were assigned randomly to: Control (n = 251)-supplementation with a mineral supplement; and SUP (n = 246)-supplementation with the mineral supplement fed to control + β-carotene (150 mg/day) + vitamin A (40,000 IU/day) + vitamin D3 (5000 IU/day) + vitamin E (300 mg/day) + biotin (20 mg/day). Cows were supplemented from Days -30 to 30 (Day 0 = timed artificial insemination; TAI). Pregnancy was diagnosed 30 days after TAI and foetal crown-rump distance and thoracic diameter were measured at 30 and 77 days of gestation. Cows in the SUP treatment were more likely to have BCS ≥3.0 on Day 0 (63.0 ± 3.1 vs. 60.2 ± 3.1; p < .01) and were more likely to gain BCS from Days -30 to 30 (57.7 ± 3.3 vs. 44.1 ± 3.3%; p < .01). Fewer LC cows in the SUP treatment were detected in oestrus at the time of the first TAI (Control: LC: 75.4 ± 4.4 vs. SUP: LC: 64.0 ± 5.2 vs. Control: EC: 65.3 ± 4.0 vs. SUP: EC: 71.8 ± 3.7; p = .04). There was a tendency for the SUP treatment to increase pregnancy to the first TAI (64.2 ± 3.0 vs. 56.6 ± 3.1%; p = .08). A greater percentage of SUP cows was detected in oestrus at the time of the second TAI (70.1 ± 5.0 vs. 52.3 ± 4.8%; p = .01). The SUP treatment increased pregnancy to the second TAI among LC cows (SUP: LC: 75.9 ± 8.0% vs. Control: LC: 50.0 ± 8.3% vs. Control: EC: 52.0 ± 5.9% vs. SUP: EC: 41.4 ± 6.5%; p = .02). The SUP treatment increased foetal size (crown-rump; p = .04 and thoracic diameter; p < .01) at 30 days of gestation and, despite decreasing crow-rump length at 77 days after the first TAI among EC cows (p < .01), it increased the thoracic diameter at 77 days after the first TAI independent of calving season. Our results support that pregnancy establishment and foetal growth can be improved when grazing Nellore cows are supplemented with β-carotene and vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Factor
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - G S F M Vasconcellos
- Innovation and Applied Science Department, DSM Nutritional Products Brazil S.A, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - V V Carvalho
- Innovation and Applied Science Department, DSM Nutritional Products Brazil S.A, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T Acedo
- Innovation and Applied Science Department, DSM Nutritional Products Brazil S.A, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Cortinhas
- Innovation and Applied Science Department, DSM Nutritional Products Brazil S.A, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - P S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rocha CC, Cordeiro ALL, Campbell M, Maldonado MBC, Silva FACC, Bennett A, Waheed A, Hansen T, Binelli M. In vitro reminiscence: uterine programming in vivo affects respective luminal epithelial cells function in vitro†. Biol Reprod 2024:ioae093. [PMID: 38910516 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In cattle, the endometrium during diestrus and early pregnancy displays cellular responses that are consequences of prior, transient stimuli. Goal was to establish a model to study cellular memory in the endometrium. The hypothesis is that stimuli given to endometrium in vivo are retained as a cellular memory that remains after bovine uterine epithelial cells (BUECs) are isolated, cultured, and further stimulated in vitro. Objectives were to measure BUEC proliferation/migration and responsiveness to recombinant bovine Interferon-tau (rbIFNT) in vitro: among cows that showed estrus (experiment 1 [Exp1]), cows that became or not pregnant to artificial insemination (Exp2), cows that received or not supplemental progesterone (P4; Exp3) and cows that received or not a COX-1/2 inhibitor (Exp4). Only cows that displayed estrus were included in studies. For all experiments endometrial cytology was collected 4 days after estrus, BUECs were cultured, propagated, and submitted to rbIFNT treatment and an in vitro scratch assay. In Exp1, different cows spontaneously grouped according to proliferative/migratory capacity and responsiveness to rbIFNT of their respective BUECs. In Exp2, BUECs from pregnant cows showed greater rbIFNT responsiveness and cellular proliferation. In Exp3, BUECs from cows supplemented with P4 presented inhibited proliferation and increased expression of RSAD2. In Exp4, Flunixin Meglumine modified rbIFNT responsiveness of BUECs in an IFN-signaling pathway-specific manner. In conclusion, physiological and pharmacological stimuli received by the endometrium in vivo were retained as cellular memory in BUECs, persisted in culture, and changed BUEC proliferation/migration and responsiveness to rbIFNT, which are characteristics associated with fertility in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey Luiz Lopes Cordeiro
- Center of Biological and Nature Sciences, Federal University of Acre, Rodovia BR 364, Km 04, Rio Branco, Acre, 69920-900, Brazil
| | - Meghan Campbell
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | | | | | - Alexandra Bennett
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80521, USA
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
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Andrade JPN, Domingues RR, Carvalho BP, Gomez-Leon V, Prata AB, Sartori R, Wiltbank MC. Optimizing ReBreed21 I: Evaluation of endocrine and ovarian dynamics in non-bred Bos indicus heifers. Theriogenology 2024; 220:77-83. [PMID: 38490112 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The present study evaluated follicular and endocrine dynamics during ReBreed21, a reproductive strategy that allows resynchronization of ovulation every 21 days in Bos indicus (Nelore) heifers. A synchronized estrous cycle was induced using a standard timed ovulation protocol (d -10: P4 implant inserted + 2 mg estradiol benzoate; d -2: P4 removed+ 0.5 mg cloprostenol + 0.6 mg estradiol cypionate + 200 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG); d0: 8.4 μg buserelin) without AI to ensure nonpregnancy in heifers. Day of GnRH was designated d0 of estrous cycle. On d12, heifers (n = 80) were randomized into three experimental groups: (1) ReBreed21 (n = 28) d12 P4 device inserted, d19 P4 device withdrawal plus 200 IU eCG, and d21 8.4 μg buserelin (GnRH); (2) ReBreed21+G (n = 26) same as ReBreed21 plus GnRH (16.8 μg) treatment on d12; and (3) Control (n = 26) no treatment. ReBreed21+G increased two-fold (62.9%; 18/26) percentage of heifers with synchronized follicular wave emergence compared to Control (34.6%; 9/26) whereas ReBreed21 (53.6%; 15/28) was intermediate. The ReBreeed21 groups (eCG on d19) increased (P < 0.01) follicular growth between d19 and d21 in ReBreed21 (2.3 ± 0.2 mm) and ReBreed21+G (3.4 ± 0.2 mm) compared with Control (1.2 ± 0.3 mm), resulting in greater (P < 0.01) follicle diameter on d21 for ReBreed21 (10.7 ± 0.4 mm) and ReBreed21+G (10.8 ± 0.4 mm) compared with Control (9.1 ± 0.5 mm). Structural luteolysis was similar among groups (P = 0.51), although the average day when P4 was <1 ng/mL was later (P < 0.01) for ReBreed21 (20.5 ± 0.2) and ReBreed21+G (20.7 ± 0.2) compared to Control (19.2 ± 0.4). Overall ovulation at the end of the estrous cycle was increased (P = 0.03) for ReBreed21 groups (83.3%; 45/54) compared with Control (57.7%; 15/26). Synchronized ovulation on day 22-23 was greater (P < 0.01) for ReBreed21 (78.6%; 22/28) and ReBreed21+G (76.9%; 20/26) compared with Control (30.8%; 8/26). Thus, the ReBreed21 resynchronization program produced acceptable endocrine and follicular dynamics, including synchronized ovulation at the end of the protocol in nonpregnant heifers providing good rationale for testing the fertility and practical implementation of this protocol under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo N Andrade
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Rafael R Domingues
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Bruno P Carvalho
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária-Rio Branco, Acre, 69900-970, Brazil
| | - Victor Gomez-Leon
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | | | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA.
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De Rensis F, Dall’Olio E, Gnemmi GM, Tummaruk P, Andrani M, Saleri R. Interval from Oestrus to Ovulation in Dairy Cows-A Key Factor for Insemination Time: A Review. Vet Sci 2024; 11:152. [PMID: 38668419 PMCID: PMC11054615 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This review describes the oestrus-to-ovulation interval, the possibility of predicting the time of ovulation, and the optimum time for insemination relative to oestrus in dairy cows. The duration of oestrus in dairy cows is approximately 8-20 h, with differences possibly related to the methods of oestrus detection and the frequency of observations. Most cows ovulate approximately 24-33 h after the onset of oestrus and 15-22 h after the end of oestrus. The interval from the preovulatory luteinising hormone (LH) surge to ovulation is approximately 4-30 h. Ovulation occurs when follicle diameter averages 18-20 mm. When it is possible to correctly determine the beginning of oestrus, artificial insemination can be performed utilizing the "a.m.-p.m. rule", and only one insemination may be applied. In cows with too long or too short oestrus-to-ovulation intervals, fertility can be compromised. One important factor that can alter the oestrus-to-ovulation interval is acute or chronic heat stress during the warm season. When there is a risk that insemination may occur too early or too late with respect to the time of ovulation, GnRH administration can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio De Rensis
- Department of Veterinary—Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Eleonora Dall’Olio
- Department of Veterinary—Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Giovanni Maria Gnemmi
- Bovinevet Internacional SL. Bovine Reproduction Ultrasonography & Herd Management Huesca (ES), 22006 Huesca, Spain;
| | - Padet Tummaruk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Centre of Excellence in Swine Reproduction, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10310, Thailand;
| | - Melania Andrani
- Department of Veterinary—Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Roberta Saleri
- Department of Veterinary—Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
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Fernandes VS, Velho GDS, dos Santos MFO, Evangelista KA, Gasperin BG, Pfeifer LFM, Ferreira R, Gonçalves PBD, Gastal GDA, Dalto AGC, Rovani MT. Does GnRH treatment at TAI regardless of estrus occurrence increase pregnancy rate in crossbred Bos taurus suckled cows? Anim Reprod 2024; 21:e20230123. [PMID: 38510564 PMCID: PMC10954231 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of GnRH treatment on the day of TAI in beef cows has received limited investigation, especially concerning its association with estrus expression. Consequently, two experiments were conducted to assess the potential of GnRH treatment on the day of TAI to enhance fertility according to the expression or not of estrus in beef cows. Experiment 1 aimed to determine ovulation rate and luteal function, while Experiment 2 aimed to determine the effect of the two GnRH treatment approaches on pregnancy rate. In Experiment 1, multiparous Brangus suckling cows (n = 17) were submitted to an 8-day TAI protocol. Estrus occurrence was evaluated based on chalk removal on D10 (TAI) and cows were assigned to receive GnRH (25µg lecirelin; im) according to the group: GnRH (n = 7), regardless of estrus expression; or selectGnRH (n = 10), only cows not detected in estrus. Ovulation rate occurring until 77h after IVD removal did not differ (p = 0.17) between GnRH (85.7%; 6/7) and selectGnRH (100%; 10/10). Also, corpus luteum size and serum progesterone concentration were not affected (p>0.05) by treatments. In Experiment 2, crossbred taurine suckled cows (n = 384) were submitted to the same protocol as described in Experiment 1 and were randomly allocated to GnRH or selectGnRH groups. There was no difference in P/AI between groups (selectGnRH = 55.6%; GnRH = 54.3%; p = 0.7) 30 days after TAI. As expected, there was a pronounced effect (p<0.0001) of estrus expression on P/AI (Estrus = 61.5%; No estrus = 33.0%), regardless of group. In summary, ovulation timing and rate and luteal function did not differ between groups. Also, GnRH administration only in cows that do not show estrus is recommended, considering hormone savings and similar conception rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva Fernandes
- Setor de Grandes Ruminantes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Gabriella dos Santos Velho
- Setor de Grandes Ruminantes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Kelly Alves Evangelista
- Setor de Grandes Ruminantes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Rogério Ferreira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Monique Tomazele Rovani
- Setor de Grandes Ruminantes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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9
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Neto ARF, Souza DFC, Campos RA, Albertini S, Bastos MR, Freitas BG, Colli MHA, Elliff FM, Sales JNS, Baruselli PS. The effectiveness of low-dose of eCG in timed AI Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14553. [PMID: 38501644 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of the administration of different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; 0 IU, 200 IU, or 300 IU) at the time of the progesterone device removal in 2-year-old Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers synchronized for fixed-timed artificial insemination (FTAI). On day 0 (D0), a total of 398 heifers received 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate i.m., 0.53 mg of cloprostenol i.m., and an eight-day previously used (second use) intravaginal device containing 1 g of progesterone (P4). Eight days later (D8), simultaneous with the P4 device removal, 0.5 mg of oestradiol cypionate i.m. and 0.53 mg of cloprostenol i.m. were administered. At the same time, heifers were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: G-0 IU (n = 141; no eCG treatment), G-200 IU (n = 132; treated with 200 IU of eCG), and G-300 IU (n = 125; treated with 300 IU of eCG). FTAI was performed 48 h after the P4 device removal (D10). Ultrasonographic evaluations were performed at D0, D10, and D17. Heifers were scanned to measure the size of the largest follicle (LF), the presence, number, and size of the corpus luteum (CL), and the ovulation rate. Subsequently, at D40, the heifers underwent scanning to determine the pregnancy rate and identify any twin pregnancies. Additionally, at D70, scans were performed to assess pregnancy loss (PG). Data were analysed by orthogonal contrasts [C1 (eCG effect): control x (200 IU + 300 IU) and C2 (eCG dose effect): 200 IU × 300 IU]. On D0, CL presence was similar between the groups [G-0 IU = 65.2% (92/141), G-200 IU = 55.3% (73/132), and G-300 IU = 63.2% (79/125); p = .16]. No interactions between the presence of CL on D0 and eCG treatment were found for any of the variables (p > .05). The diameter of the LF at FTAI (D10) was not influenced by eCG treatment (p = .22) or eCG dose (p = .18). However, treatment with eCG increased the diameter of the CL at D17 (G-0 IU = 15.7 ± 0.3 mmb , G-200 IU = 16.6 ± 0.2 mma , and G-300 IU = 16.6 ± 0.3 mma ; p = .001), regardless of the dose used (p = .94). The ovulation rate was higher in heifers treated with eCG [G-0 IU = 79.4%b (112/141), G-200 IU = 90.2%a (119/132), and G-300 IU = 93.6%a (117/125); p = .002], but there was no effect of eCG dose (p = .36). Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) on D40 [G-0 IU = 32.6%b (46/141), G-200 IU = 42.4%a (56/132), and G-300 IU = 42.4%a (53/125); P = 0.05] and D70 [G-0 IU = 29.1%b (41/141), G-200 IU = 40.9%a (54/132), and G-300 IU = 40.8%a (51/125); p = .02] were higher on heifers that received eCG; however, no dose effect was observed for P/AI on D40 (p = .89) nor D70 (p = .98). Pregnancy loss between D40 and D70 tended to reduce (p = .07) in eCG-treated heifers without dose effect (p = .91). Heifers with CL at D0 presented a greater follicle diameter (LF) on D10 (With CL = 11.2 ± 0.2 mm and Without CL = 10.2 ± 0.2 mm; p = .05), CL diameter on D17 (With CL = 15.8 ± 0.03 mm and Without CL = 11.8 ± 0.6 mm; p = .01), and ovulation rate [With CL = 95.5% (233/244) and Without CL = 74.7% (115/154); p = .01]. However, no difference in pregnancy rate at D40 (p = .52) and D70 (p = .84) was found. In conclusion, eCG treatment increases ovulation and pregnancy rates of heifers submitted to a FTAI protocol. Furthermore, eCG treatment increases the diameter of the CL after FTAI and reduces pregnancy losses. No dose effect was observed, suggesting Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers respond to 200 IU of eCG treatment for FTAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Felisbino Neto
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D F C Souza
- Ferty+ Reprodução Animal, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - R A Campos
- Ferty+ Reprodução Animal, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - S Albertini
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Bastos
- Ourofino Saúde Animal, Cravinhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B G Freitas
- Ourofino Saúde Animal, Cravinhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M H A Colli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F M Elliff
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J N S Sales
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - P S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Andrade JDS, Moreira EM, de Souza VL, Barbosa IP, Silva GM, Gomes LS, Silva SADS, Noleto GCS, da Silva RR, Londero US, Correa MN, Pfeifer LFM. Exploring uterine inflammation in postpartum primiparous precocious and conventional and multiparous Bos indicus beef cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14496. [PMID: 37888854 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the postpartum uterine dynamics of primiparous precocious (PP), primiparous conventional (PC) and multiparous conventional (MC) Bos indicus beef cows. For this purpose, PP (n = 8), PC (n = 18) and MC (n = 12) cows were enrolled in this study. These cows were evaluated at 20 and 10 days prepartum and weekly from parturition to 42 days postpartum (DPP). During this period, body weight (BW), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and serum concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, albumin and haptoglobin were measured. Proportion of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, and abundance of mRNA transcripts of genes involved in uterine inflammation and uterine health were evaluated. The PP cows had lower (p < .05) BW and SFT than that for PC and MC cows during the study period. The serum concentration of albumin after 35 DPP was lower (p < .05) in PP cows. The PP cows had the highest proportion of PMN on 28 and 35 DPP compared to PC and MC cows. The relative mRNA abundance of IL-1β and IL-8 increased after 21 DPP in PP cows compared to the other groups. The PC had the highest, MC had an intermediate, and PP cows had the lowest relative abundance of IL10 mRNA. Overall, these findings indicated that uterine inflammation was more pronounced in PP cows. Moreover, based on the proportion of PMN and abundance of transcripts associated with inflammation in the uterus, PP cows may require a longer period to recover their uterine health after calving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica de Souza Andrade
- Bionorte, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
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11
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de Castro Ferraz Junior MV, Cunha AR, de Souza TT, Alexandrino BS, de Carvalho PHV, Pires AV. Performing AI 55 or 65 h after progesterone device removal did not differ in a 7-d progesterone-based protocol for timed-AI in Nellore suckled cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:270. [PMID: 37452899 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of Nellore suckled cows inseminated 55 (n = 304) or 65 (n = 296) h after progesterone (P4) removal in a 7-d protocol. The protocol consisted of the insertion of a device with 2 g of P4 and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate on d 0, with the device remaining in the cows for 7 d. Cows in the 55-h treatment had the P4 device removed in the morning, while cows in the 65-h treatment had the P4 device removed in the afternoon. At P4 removal, cows received intramuscularly 300 IU of eCG, 0.6 mg of estradiol cypionate and 0.52 mg cloprostenol sodium. Artificial insemination was performed according to treatments (55 vs. 65 h after P4 removal). The results of the study showed that the estrus detection rate (69% vs 65%) and pregnancy per AI (P/AI; 49% vs 49%) did no differ in cows inseminated 55 or 65 h after P4 removal, respectively. Furthermore, ovulation rate, the diameter of the largest follicle at the time of AI, and P4 concentration after AI were not affected by treatments. The probability of P/AI was not affected by parity, BCS, age, diameter of largest follicle at AI, days postpartum, BW and time to AI. This study suggests that performing AI from 55 to 65 h after the P4 removal in the 7-d-P4 protocol did not affect the reproductive performance in Nellore cows, and opens the possibility for producers to take more time to perform AI of cows in the field without affecting P/AI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ancelmo Rodrigues Cunha
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Educação e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, AM, 69152-240, Parintins, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Teixeira de Souza
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Educação e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, AM, 69152-240, Parintins, Brazil
| | - Bismarck Soares Alexandrino
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Educação e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, AM, 69152-240, Parintins, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Vaz Pires
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Liuz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
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12
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Sartori R, Consentini CEC, Alves RLOR, Silva LO, Wiltbank MC. Review: Manipulation of follicle development to improve fertility of cattle in timed-artificial insemination programs. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100769. [PMID: 37567674 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an ovulatory follicle is a fundamental premise for any reproductive management program that aims to optimize fertility in cattle. Controlling follicular development comprises the synchronized emergence of a new follicular wave, selection and growth of the dominant follicle, and synchronized ovulation of a high-quality oocyte. All these follicular events, primarily driven by gonadotropin secretion, occur under a very dynamic hormonal environment. In this sense, controlling follicular development demands essentially a precise manipulation of the hormonal environment to modulate gonadotropin secretion. Furthermore, the effectiveness of hormonal manipulation strategies in the management of follicular development depends on specific particularities of each situation, which can vary widely according to genetic groups (Bos taurus vs Bos indicus), nutritional, metabolic, and reproductive status. In this regard, the constant search for the refined synchrony between the hormonal treatments and reproductive events, considering these distinctions and particularities, have provided valuable information that contributed to the development of efficient reproductive programs. This manuscript discusses the physiological bases behind the development of fine-tuned timed-artificial insemination protocols for beef and dairy cattle that resulted in great improvements in reproductive efficiency of beef and dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sartori
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - C E C Consentini
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - R L O R Alves
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - L O Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture of University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - M C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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13
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Costa CB, Fair T, Seneda MM. Review: Environment of the ovulatory follicle: modifications and use of biotechnologies to enhance oocyte competence and increase fertility in cattle. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100866. [PMID: 37567670 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The oocyte is the basis of life, supporting development from a fertilized cell to an independent multicellular organism. The oocyte's competence to drive the first cell cycles postfertilization are critical to embryonic survival and subsequent successful pregnancy. Coupled with the complex processes of follicle assembly, activation, differentiation, growth, and terminal maturation, oocyte developmental competence is gradually acquired during oocyte growth and meiotic maturation. Most reproduction management technologies and interventions are centered around these highly coordinated processes, targeting the ovarian follicle and the oocyte within. Thus, our objective was to highlight key aspects of oocyte and follicle development in cattle, and to discuss recent advances in oocyte and follicle-centered reproductive biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Bortoliero Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Assis, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Trudee Fair
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcelo M Seneda
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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14
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Reineri PS, Bernhard SDR, Principi SA, Gerlero GD, Aller JF. Effects of two protocols of ovulation synchronization on corpus luteum size and blood flow, progesterone concentration, and pregnancy rate in beef heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 251:107223. [PMID: 36965397 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 7-day estradiol-progesterone-based [Treat(C)] and 5-day Co-Synch plus progesterone [Treat(Co-Sy)] protocols on ovulation time, pre-ovulatory follicle diameter, corpus luteum (CL) size and blood flow, progesterone (P4) concentration and pregnancy rate (PR) in beef heifers. In Experiment 1, a crossover design was applied (n = 9). For Treat(C), a progesterone intravaginal (PI) device was inserted, plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (day 0). On day 7, 500 µg of cloprostenol plus 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate were administered, and PI was removed. For Treat(Co-Sy), on day 0, a PI was inserted plus 100 µg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). On day 5, PI was removed, plus 500 µg of cloprostenol and 100 µg of GnRH were administered at 69-70 h later. From day one to ovulation day, dominant follicle was evaluated by ultrasonography. On days 4 and 8 post-ovulation, CL was evaluated by color Doppler, and P4 concentration was determined by chemiluminescence. In Experiment 2, a split-plot experimental design was used. Protocols followed were the same as in Experiment 1 [Treat(C); n = 310 and Treat(Co-Sy); n = 314]. Heifers were fixed-time artificially inseminated. Pregnancy was determined on day 41. In Experiment 1, the interval between PI removal and ovulation time was different between protocols (P < 0.01). In addition, P4 concentration was related to the CL size (P < 0.001), CL blood flow (P < 0.01) and protocols (P < 0.03). In Experiment 2, PR did not differ between protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sebastián Reineri
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), EEA Santiago del Estero, La Abrita, Santiago del Estero G4206XBK, Argentina; Faculty of Agronomy and Agribusiness (FAyA), National University of Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero G4206XCP, Argentina.
| | - Sergio Daniel Roldán Bernhard
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), EEA Santiago del Estero, La Abrita, Santiago del Estero G4206XBK, Argentina
| | | | - Gustavo Daniel Gerlero
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), EEA Santiago del Estero, La Abrita, Santiago del Estero G4206XBK, Argentina
| | - Juan Florencio Aller
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), EEA Balcarce, 7620 Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Consentini CEC, Alves RLOR, Silva MA, Galindez JPA, Madureira G, Lima LG, Gonçalves JRS, Wiltbank MC, Sartori R. What are the factors associated with pregnancy loss after timed-artificial insemination in Bos indicus cattle? Theriogenology 2023; 196:264-269. [PMID: 36436362 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy loss (PL) has important impacts on the profitability of livestock production systems, although it is not widely reported, particularly in Bos indicus cattle. The present study retrospectively evaluated PL after timed-artificial insemination (TAI) in Bos indicus (Nelore) beef cows corresponding to several factors, such as parity, body condition score (BCS), presence of corpus luteum (CL) at the beginning of TAI protocols, expression of estrus, and hormonal manipulations during the TAI protocol. Data from two experiments performed during three breeding seasons (BS) were reanalyzed. Both experiments evaluated adding GnRH treatment at TAI in a 7-d estradiol (E2) plus progesterone (P4)-based protocol, with intravaginal P4 implant removal on Day 7 combined with treatment with 0.5 or 1.0 mg E2 cypionate and 300 IU eCG, and TAI on Day 9. In addition, during BS 2 and 3 (Exp 2), cows were randomized to receive or not a PGF treatment on Day 0 (beginning of the TAI protocol). In all BS, presence of CL and BCS were evaluated at the beginning of TAI protocols, follicle size and expression of estrus were evaluated at TAI. The PL was assessed between the first pregnancy diagnosis (∼35d) and parturition. There were no effects of hormonal manipulations within TAI protocols of different BS on PL. There was no interaction between GnRH treatment at TAI and the other variables within BS, and there was no main effect of GnRH treatment on PL (without = 10.1% [102/1007] vs. with = 10.4% [114/1100]). The addition of PGF on Day 0 had no effect on PL (11.5% [102/886] vs. 10.5% [89/850]), as well as EC dose to induce final ovulation (10.8% [89/827] vs. 11.2% [102/909] for 0.5 and 1.0 mg, respectively). Primiparous had greater PL than multiparous cows (14.0% [77/550] vs. 8.9% [139/1557]), and cows not expressing estrus near TAI had greater PL than those expressing estrus (13.5% [57/422] vs. 9.7% [156/1617]). There was no interaction between follicle size at TAI and GnRH treatment on PL. However, probability of PL decreased linearly as follicle size at TAI increased. There were no effects of service number (first TAI or resynchronization), BCS, or presence of CL on D0 on PL. In addition, PL was not affected by sire within any of the BS. In conclusion, some factors that are known to impact pregnancy per AI also influenced PL, such as parity and expression of estrus, although, other aspects such as BCS, number of services, and presence of CL on D0 did not affect PL. Moreover, commonly implemented treatments to increase fertility (e.g., PGF on Day 0 and increasing EC dose to 1.0 mg) did not affect PL. Finally, the GnRH treatment at TAI had no effect on PL and did not interact with any of the variables, an important result, since GnRH at TAI also increases fertility in Bos indicus beef cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E C Consentini
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Rodrigo L O R Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus A Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Juan P A Galindez
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Madureira
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Laísse G Lima
- "Hildegard Georgina Von Pritzelwiltz" Experimental Station, Londrina, PR, 86010-990, Brazil
| | - José R S Gonçalves
- "Hildegard Georgina Von Pritzelwiltz" Experimental Station, Londrina, PR, 86010-990, Brazil
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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16
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Nishimura TK, da Silva AG, Abitante G, Dahlen CR, Goulart RS, Zamudio GDR, Luz Silva S, Santana MHDA, Saran Netto A, Leme PR, Pugliesi G. Effects of early weaning on the reproductive performance of suckled Nelore cows in the subsequent breeding season. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad330. [PMID: 37777868 PMCID: PMC10642726 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of early weaning (EW) on body composition, hormone concentrations and metabolites, and reproductive performance of Nelore cows in the subsequent breeding season (BS). Suckled cows that became pregnant by timed-AI (TAI) in the 2020-BS were exposed in 2021 to early weaning at 150 d (27 primiparous [PRI] and 74 multiparous [MUL]) or conventional weaning (CW) at 240 d postpartum (30 PRI and 77 MUL). Body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were determined at 2020-BS, EW, CW, prepartum, and 2021-BS. Blood samples were collected at EW, CW, prepartum (54.75 ± 0.56 d prepartum), and 2021-TAI and assayed for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations. In 2021-BS, cows were exposed to a P4/E2-based protocol for TAI at day 0 (D0), and a second TAI was performed at D22 in females detected with luteolysis (D20) by Doppler ultrasound. The presence of corpus luteum (CL) on D10, estrous expression, and dominant follicle (DF) diameter, and blood perfusion (BP) on D2 and D0 were determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA or logistic regression of SAS as a 2 × 2 factorial with main factors of parity (PRI or MUL) and weaning strategy (EW or CW). An interaction of parity and weaning strategy was not observed (P > 0.1), but the weight (kg) and BCS were greater (P < 0.05) in MUL cows at the five timepoints, and EW cows were heavier than CW at the moment of CW (541 vs. 493 kg; and 5.3 vs. 4.3), prepartum (551 vs. 506 kg; and 5.2 vs. 4.4) and 2021-BS (475 vs. 450 kg; and 4.5 vs. 3.7). Plasma urea concentration at 2021-BS was greater (P = 0.01) for PRI than for MUL. A parity-by-time interaction was observed (P ≤ 0.05) for concentrations of IGF-I, NEFA, and BHB. PRI cows had greater (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of IGF-I at EW and greater (P ≤ 0.05) prepartum concentrations of NEFA and BHB than MUL cows. The proportion of cows with CL at D10 was not affected (P > 0.1) by weaning but was greater (P < 0.05) in MUL than in PRI cows (40.4 vs. 15.7%). The diameter of DF and proportion of BP on D0 were greater (P < 0.05) in EW cows than in CW cows. The pregnancy rate (P/AI, %) at the first TAI was greater (P < 0.05) in EW cows (60% vs. 45%), whereas no difference (P > 0.1) was observed at the second TAI. Cumulative P/AI (first and second TAIs) was greater (P < 0.05) in EW cows (81% vs. 63%). In conclusion, weaning at 150 d in Nelore cattle is a strategy to successfully recover the parous cow's body condition and to improve pregnancy success in the next BS, regardless of the cow's parity order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Kan Nishimura
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Guimarães da Silva
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Abitante
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Carl Robertson Dahlen
- North Dakota State University, Department of Animal Science, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Rodrigo Silva Goulart
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Germán Darío Ramírez Zamudio
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Saulo Luz Silva
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Miguel Henrique de Almeida Santana
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Arlindo Saran Netto
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Leme
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- University of São Paulo, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
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17
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Rossignolo EADA, Silva NCD, Stolf RL, Cavalieri FLB, Colombo AHB, Andreazzi MA, Seneda MM, Morotti F. Evaluation of hCG as gonadotropic support to timed embryo transfer protocol in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2023; 195:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Equine chorionic gonadotropin administered on day 5 of a 7-days fixed-time artificial insemination program improves ovulation synchrony and corpus luteum function in anestrous beef cows. Theriogenology 2023; 195:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Sanz A, Gobikrushanth M, Colazo MG. Type of CIDR but not eCG administration affected pregnancy per AI in Holstein heifers subjected to a 5-day estrus synchronization protocol. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2106989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albina Sanz
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA) - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mohanathas Gobikrushanth
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Marcos G. Colazo
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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20
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Diniz J, Riveros J, Teixeira A, Pereira I, Borges A, Monteiro G, Peres R, Rocha L, Beletti M, Oliveira L. In vitro sperm characteristics and in vivo fertility of sex-sorted and conventional semen in suckled Nelore cows at a traditional schedule for timed-AI with estrus detection. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess in vitro sperm characteristics and pregnancies/AI (P/AI) of conventional and sex-sorted semen at timed-AI of suckled, multiparous Nelore cows. All cows (n=348) were submitted to a traditional estradiol/progesterone(P4)-based protocol. At 48h after P4-device removal, the estrous behavior was recorded, and AI was performed with conventional or sex-sorted semen from two bulls. The following sperm assessments were performed: CASA, Hyposmotic Test, sperm morphometry and chromatin structure by TB staining. P/AI were reduced (P<0.001) for sex-sorted compared to conventional semen in cows expressing estrus (27vs47%) or not (11vs.37%). Membrane integrity (Bull1: 30.3±9.6 vs. 52.3±12.4%, P=0.01; Bull2: 24.5±3.0 vs. 48.7±1.6%, P=0.006) and sperm concentration (Bull1: 23.2±0.6 vs. 43.0±0.8x10⁶sperm/mL, P<0.001; Bull2: 25.1±2.8 vs. 42.1±0.7x10⁶sperm/mL; P<0.001) were reduced in sex-sorted compared to conventional semen, for both bulls. Total and progressive motility were reduced in sex-sorted semen for Bull1 (TM: 49.7±15.9 vs. 94.9±1.9%, P=0.007; PM: 16.7±3.4 vs. 44.1±13.2%, P=0.009) and no differences were detected for Bull2 (TM: 45.0±17.5 vs. 68.2±19.1%, P=0.098; PM: 12.8±4.7 vs. 30.0±13.0%, P=0.065). Sperm ellipticity from sex-sorted was lower than conventional semen for Bull2 (0.306±0.01 vs. 0.342±0.02, P=0.02) and no difference was detected for Bull1 (0.332±0.01 vs. 0.330±0.01, P=0.55). Reduced in vivo fertility was observed for sex-sorted semen, regardless of estrous behavior. In vitro sperm quality of sex-sorted semen was compromised for both bulls, but differently affected for each sire.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A.M. Borges
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - L.O. Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil
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21
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Rocha CC, Martins T, Mello BP, Dalmaso de Mello G, Motta IG, Lemes KM, Binelli M, Madureira EH, Pugliesi G. Comparing the effect of estradiol benzoate and 17β-estradiol plus progesterone on follicular turnover and development, and pregnancy outcomes in a timed artificial insemination protocol. Theriogenology 2022; 192:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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22
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Read CC, Edwards JL, Schrick FN, Rhinehart JD, Payton RR, Campagna SR, Castro HF, Klabnik JL, Moorey SE. Preovulatory serum estradiol concentration is positively associated with oocyte ATP and follicular fluid metabolite abundance in lactating beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6620784. [PMID: 35772749 PMCID: PMC9246671 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle induced to ovulate a small, physiologically immature preovulatory follicle had reduced oocyte developmental competence that resulted in decreased embryo cleavage and day 7 embryo quality compared with animals induced to ovulate a more advanced follicle. RNA-sequencing was performed on oocytes and their corresponding cumulus cells approximately 23 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration to induce the preovulatory gonadotropin surge suggested reduced capacity for glucose metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in the cumulus cells and oocytes from follicles ≤11.7 mm, respectively. We hypothesized that induced ovulation of a small, physiologically immature preovulatory follicle results in a suboptimal follicular microenvironment and reduced oocyte metabolic capacity. We performed a study with the objective to determine the impact of preovulatory follicle diameter and serum estradiol concentration at GnRH administration on oocyte metabolic competence and follicular fluid metabolome profiles. We synchronized the development of a preovulatory follicle and collected the follicle contents via transvaginal aspiration approximately 19 h after GnRH administration in lactating beef cows (n = 319). We determined ATP levels and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in 110 oocytes and performed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry metabolomic studies on 45 follicular fluid samples. Intraoocyte ATP and the amount of ATP produced per mtDNA copy number were associated with serum estradiol concentration at GnRH and time from GnRH administration to follicle aspiration (P < 0.05). mtDNA copy number was not related to follicle diameter at GnRH, serum estradiol concentration at GnRH, or any potential covariates (P > 0.10). We detected 90 metabolites in the aspirated follicular fluid. We identified 22 metabolites associated with serum estradiol concentration at GnRH and 63 metabolites associated with follicular fluid progesterone concentration at the time of follicle aspiration (FDR < 0.10). Pathway enrichment analysis of significant metabolites suggested altered proteinogenesis, citric acid cycle, and pyrimidine metabolism in follicles of reduced estrogenic capacity pre-gonadotropin surge or reduced progesterone production by the time of follicle aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey C Read
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - F Neal Schrick
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Justin D Rhinehart
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Rebecca R Payton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Hector F Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jessica L Klabnik
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Sarah E Moorey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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23
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Liles HL, Schneider LG, Pohler KG, Oliveira Filho RV, Neal Schrick F, Payton RR, Rhinehart JD, Thompson KW, McLean K, Edwards JL. Positive relationship of rectal temperature at fixed timed artificial insemination on pregnancy outcomes in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6620791. [PMID: 35772756 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The overarching aim was to examine the relationship of rectal temperature at fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) on pregnancy outcomes in a typical breeding season with expected pregnancy rates approaching 50% using Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle. This represents a continuum of steps to test the hypothesis that elevated body temperature at or around insemination is functionally important to maximize pregnancy outcomes. Rectal temperature of Bos indicus cattle at FTAI ranged from 37.0 to 40.9 °C; 60.6% were hyperthermic. Positive factors impacting pregnancy outcomes were rectal temperature at FTAI, body condition, and estrus patch scores. Rectal temperature at FTAI was positively associated with pregnancy outcomes (P < 0.0001); per each 1 °C increase pregnancy odds increased 1.9 times (95% CI: 1.4 to 2.6). Highest pregnancy outcomes occurred with rectal temperatures exceeding 40 °C (P = 0.0004). Rectal temperature before FTAI in Bos taurus cattle ranged from 37.8 to 41.8 °C; 43.3% were hyperthermic. Factors impacting pregnancy were rectal temperature at FTAI, estrus activity, parity, and ambient conditions on day of FTAI. Rectal temperature of Bos taurus cattle at FTAI was positively associated with pregnancy (P = 0.0286); odds increased 1.45 times (95% CI: 1.0 to 2.0) per each 1 °C increase. Highest pregnancy outcomes occurred with rectal temperatures at FTAI exceeding 40 °C (P = 0.057). Moreover, positive relationship of rectal temperature at FTAI to pregnancy persisted in estrual females (71.25% of total; P = 0.0408; OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.2). Mindful that 1) elevated temperatures observed in Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle directly promote meiotic resumption of the oocyte in vitro and that 2) in vivo hyperthermia alters intrafollicular components which others have shown to potentiate ovulation and promote meiotic resumption, it is biologically plausible that an acute elevation in body temperature at or around time of insemination is functionally important to maximize pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter L Liles
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Liesel G Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ramiro V Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - F Neal Schrick
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Rebecca R Payton
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Justin D Rhinehart
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kevin W Thompson
- University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee Research and Education Center, Spring Hill, TN 37174, USA
| | - Kyle McLean
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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24
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Moorey SE, Hessock EA, Edwards JL. Preovulatory follicle contributions to oocyte competence in cattle: importance of the ever-evolving intrafollicular environment leading up to the luteinizing hormone surge. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6620792. [PMID: 35772757 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The preovulatory intrafollicular environment plays a major role in determining oocyte competence. The basis of this review is to highlight the importance of the preovulatory follicle's physiological status prior to the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and onset of oocyte maturation to promote an optimal follicular microenvironment and optimal oocyte developmental competence in cattle. While the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and are likely multifactorial, the preovulatory follicle's physiological status prior to the preovulatory LH surge is highly influential on the oocyte's capacity to undergo postfertilization embryo development. Changes in the intrafollicular environment of the preovulatory follicle including steroid hormone production, metabolome profiles, and proteome profiles likely support the oocyte's developmental and metabolic competency. This review focuses on the relationship between bovine oocyte developmental competency and antral follicle progression to the preovulatory phase, the role of the preovulatory follicle in improving oocyte developmental competence in cattle, and the importance of the ever-evolving preovulatory intrafollicular environment for optimal fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Moorey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Emma A Hessock
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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25
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Speckhart SL, Oliveira Filho RV, Franco GA, Vasconcelos JLM, Schrick FN, Edwards JL, Pohler KG. Short Communication: Influence of estrus activity and reproductive tract size and position scores on fertility in Bos indicus and Bos taurus suckled beef cows. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6596675. [PMID: 35648125 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine if estrus activity and reproductive tract size and position score (SPS) are associated with pregnancy outcomes in Bos indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus (Angus) beef cows. In study 1, multiparous Nelore cows (n = 1,280) were artificially inseminated at a fixed time (FTAI, day 0) using an estradiol and progesterone (P4)-based estrus synchronization protocol. In study 2, multiparous Angus cows (n = 764) were artificially inseminated at a fixed time (FTAI, day 0) using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone and P4-based estrus synchronization protocol. Estrus activity was assessed using Estrotect heat detector patches and scored on day 0 using the following scoring system: 0 (patch was lost, most likely due to repeated mounting), 1 (<25% activation), 2 (≥25%, <50% activation), 3 (≥50%, <75% activation), or 4 (>75% activation) where patch scores of 1 and 2 signified no or limited estrus activity, whereas scores of 0, 3, and 4 had increased estrus activity. Reproductive tract SPS were assigned on day 0 as SPS1: small and compact resting within the pelvic cavity; SPS2: intermediate, resting partially outside the pelvic cavity; and SPS3: larger and resting outside the pelvic cavity. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasound on day 30 and 100 after FTAI. Cows were determined as undergoing pregnancy loss if a viable embryo with heartbeat was detected at day 30 but was no longer present at day 100. Pregnancy rate at day 30 was influenced by estrus activity and SPS in both Nelore (P = 0.004) and Angus (P = 0.009) cows. Specifically, cows with smaller reproductive tracts (SPS1) had greater (P < 0.001) pregnancy rate when estrus was expressed before FTAI. There was no effect of estrus activity nor reproductive tract size on pregnancy loss between day 30 and 100 for both breeds. In summary, estrus activity before FTAI may influence reproductive outcomes differently depending on size and position of the reproductive tract at time of breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramiro V Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gessica A Franco
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jose L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - F Neal Schrick
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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26
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Pfeifer L, Gasperin B, Cestaro J, Schneider A. Postponing TAI in beef cows with small preovulatory follicles. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 242:107006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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E Silva LO, Valenza A, Alves RLOR, Silvestri M, Contini MC, Motta JCL, Drum JN, de Souza AH, Sartori R. Progesterone release profile and follicular development in Nelore cows receiving intravaginal progesterone devices. Theriogenology 2022; 178:77-84. [PMID: 34801768 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the progesterone (P4) release profile provided by four commercially available intravaginal P4 devices, as well as the effect of circulating P4 concentrations exclusively from these devices on the development of the dominant follicle (DF) in Nelore (Bos indicus) cows. Therefore, non-lactating multiparous Nelore cows were enrolled in an experimental design, over three replicates, starting on Day -9 with the insertion of a reused P4 device (2 g - original P4 load) for 7 d, followed by two treatments of cloprostenol sodium (PGF; 0.482 mg), 24 h apart, on Days -3 and -2. Just before device removal, on Day -2, a norgestomet ear implant was inserted and, 2 d later (Day 0), at the time of norgestomet withdrawal, cows were randomly assigned to receive one of the intravaginal devices: Primer (0.5 g); Prociclar (0.75 g); Sincrogest (1 g); or CIDR (1.9 g), and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) im. Blood samples were collected immediately before P4 device insertion, 12 h later and daily over 15 d (1 d after P4 device removal). Ultrasound examinations were performed on Days 0, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 14 to evaluate ovarian dynamics. Results are presented as mean ± SEM and differences were considered when P ≤ 0.05. Overall, the devices resulted in distinct circulating P4 concentrations over 10 d, varying according to their initial P4 load and P4 impregnated surface area. Primer provided the lowest circulating P4 concentrations over time, whereas, CIDR had the greatest concentration. Sincrogest and Prociclar were similar, producing intermediary circulating P4. There was no effect of treatment on the DF diameter on any specific day, nor on follicular growth rate from Day 7-10. However, the Primer device resulted in a greater mean DF diameter over time. Additionally, greater circulating P4 concentrations, mainly during the first 3 d of device insertion, were associated with smaller DF diameters regardless of the treatment. In conclusion, results from this study provided a better understanding of the P4 profile of intravaginal P4 devices, as well as, their effect on DF development in Bos indicus cows. These data contribute to optimize the use of P4 devices in the reproductive management of beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Oliveira E Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jéssica Cristina Lemos Motta
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Nora Drum
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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28
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Ramos IS, Schaus M, Bacher LH, Kozicki LE, Padilha IDS, Segui MS, Gassenferth G, Weiss RR, Dell’Aqua Junior JA. Eficiência e acurácia de diferentes indutores de ovulação após a remoção do dispositivo de progesterona em vacas mestiças multíparas. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-72441p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a eficiência e a ovulação após a administração de diferentes indutores para a sincronização da ovulação em vacas de corte. Cento e oito vacas não-lactantes foram distribuídas em grupo controle (GC; não tratadas; n=28); grupo benzoato de estradiol (BE) (GBE; n=28); grupo 17 beta-estradiol (17ßE) (G17ßE; n=28) e grupo deslorelina (DES) (GDES; n=24). No dia menos 11 (D-11) do protocolo, o GC recebeu cloprostenol e exame ultrassonográfico (US); ao D0, dispositivo de progesterona (P4) foi inserido mais BE; ao D7, cloprostenol foi aplicado; ao D9, a P4 foi removida e cloprostenol mais 400 UI de gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) foi injetada. O GBE foi submetido a tratamento idêntico ao do GC, exceto ao D10, quando as vacas receberam BE. o G17ßE foi submetido ao mesmo protocolo usado no CG exceto pela administração de 17ßE ao D10. E, o GDES foi submetido ao mesmo tratamento que o CG, exceto ao D10, quando o grupo recebeu o acetato de DES. Doze horas após a administração de BE, 17ßE e DES, US ovarianos foram realizados a cada 6 horas. O diâmetro do folículo pré-ovulatório (FPO) medido antes da ovulação foi de 19,5; 14,7; 18,7 e 19,8 mm respectivamente para GC, GBE, G17ßE e GDES; e o intervalo de tempo entre a aplicação do indutor e ovulação foi 20,2; 18,9; 21;0 e 22,5 horas respectivamente. Em conclusão, todos os indutores da ovulação foram eficientes em promover a ovulação; os indutores acarretaram ovulação entre 18,9 e 22,5 horas; o BE promoveu a ovulação em menor espaço de tempo (P<0,05); 17ßE e DES demonstraram maior variação em aplicação/tempo de ovulação entre os grupos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Schaus
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Brazil
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Moraes FLZD, Bonato DV, Souza ACC, Morotti F, Seneda MM. Conception rate according to antral follicle count and oestrus expression in Nelore cows submitted to timed artificial insemination. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an22074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ramos IS, Schaus M, Bacher LH, Kozicki LE, Padilha IDS, Segui MS, Gassenferth G, Weiss RR, Dell’Aqua Junior JA. Efficiency and accuracy of different ovulation inducers after progesterone device removal in crossbred multiparous cows. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-72441e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the efficiency and ovulation time after the administration of different inducers for synchronization of ovulation in beef cows. One hundred and eight non-lactating cows were distributed into the control group (CG; untreated; n=28), estradiol benzoate (EB) group (EBG; n=28); 17 beta-estradiol (17ßE) group (17ßEG; n=28), and deslorelin (DES) group (DESG; n=24). On day minus 11 (D-11) of the protocol, the CG underwent application of cloprostenol and ultrasound examination (US); on D0, progesterone (P4) was inserted plus EB; on D7, cloprostenol was applied; on D9, P4 was removed and cloprostenol plus 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was injected. The EBG was subjected to treatment identical to that of the CG, except on D10, when the cows received EB. The 17ßE was subjected to the same protocol used in the CG except for the administration of 17ßE on D10. And, the DESG was subjected to the same treatment as the CG, except on D10, when the group received DES acetate. Twelve hours after the administration of EB, 17ßE and DES, ovarian US were performed every 6 hours. The preovulatory follicle (POF) diameters measured before ovulation were 19.5; 14.7; 18.7 and 19.8 mm respectively for CG, EBG, 17ßEG and DESG; and the time intervals between inducer application and ovulation were 20.2; 18.9; 21.0 and 22.5 hours respectively. In conclusion, all ovulation inducers were efficient in promoting ovulation; the inducers caused ovulation between 18.9 and 22.5 hours; EB promoted ovulation in a shorter time (P<0.05); 17ßE and DES showed greater variation in application/ovulation time between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Schaus
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Brazil
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Morotti F, Miguez-Gonzalez S, Cerezetti MB, Seneda MM. Evaluation of three classification methods of antral follicle count and fertility to the timed artificial insemination in cattle. Anim Reprod 2022; 19:e20210121. [PMID: 35493784 PMCID: PMC9037601 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Núñez-Olivera R, Bó GA, Menchaca A. Association between length of proestrus, follicular size, estrus behavior, and pregnancy rate in beef heifers subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination. Theriogenology 2021; 181:1-7. [PMID: 34998022 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationship between proestrus length and follicular size, estrous behavior, and pregnancy rate in Bos taurus beef heifers subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). A total of 911 heifers received a synchronization treatment protocol for FTAI (J-Synch) consisting of an intravaginal progesterone device for 6 d, estradiol benzoate at the time of device insertion cloprostenol sodium and eCG at device removal and GnRH at the time of FTAI. The presence or absence of a corpus luteum (CL) was determined by ultrasonography at device insertion and all heifers were tail painted at device removal for estrus detection at the time of FTAI. For the establishment of different periods of proestrus length (i.e., interval from device removal to FTAI), GnRH was administered i.m. at 48 h (n = 308), 60 h (n = 290) or 72 h (n = 313) after device removal. The diameter of the largest follicle at the time of GnRH administration was determined by ultrasonography, expression of estrous was determined by percentage of tail paint removal, and FTAI was performed at the time of GnRH administration in all heifers. The diameter of the largest follicle was greater when GnRH/FTAI was performed at 72 or 60 h (12.9 ± 0.2 mm and 12.8 ± 0.1 mm, respectively) than at 48 h (12.2 ± 0.1 mm, P < 0.05). The proportion of heifers in estrus tended to be greater when GnRH/FTAI was performed at 72 h (77.0%, 137/178) than at 48 h (68.2%, 122/179; P = 0.06), and intermediate at 60 h (71.4%, 120/168). Pregnancy rate tended to be greater in heifers with the longest (72 h: 70.0%, 219/313) than the shortest (48 h: 63.6%, 196/308; P < 0.1) proestrus length, while 60 h proestrus length was intermediate (63.1%, 183/290; P= NS). Pregnancy rate was affected by the presence of a CL at device insertion (71.3%, 352/494 in heifers with a CL, vs. 59.0%, 246/417 for those without a CL; P < 0.01). For those heifers bearing a CL, pregnancy rate was greater in heifers with a 72 h proestrus length (77.0%, 134/174) than with 48 or 60 h proestrus length (67.7%, 107/158 and 68.5%, 111/162; respectively; P < 0.05). In heifers without a CL, proestrus length did not affect pregnancy rate. In summary, extending proestrus length by delaying the interval from device removal to GnRH/FTAI from 48 to 72 h, was associated with a greater diameter of the preovulatory follicle, greater proportion of heifers expressing estrus at the time of FTAI, and greater pregnancy rate in cycling beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Núñez-Olivera
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Programa de Posgrado de la Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Barbosa IP, Cestaro JP, Silva SA, Noleto GS, Gonçalves RL, Silva GM, Paes FH, Gasperin BG, Rovani MT, Pfeifer LFM. GnRH34: An alternative for increasing pregnancy in timed AI beef cows. Theriogenology 2021; 179:1-6. [PMID: 34823056 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments evaluated the effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment on fertility of suckled Nelore beef cows treated with an estradiol/progesterone (P4)-based protocol for timed artificial insemination (TAI). Experiment 1 was designed to determine the effect of GnRH administered 34 h after P4 insert removal (GnRH34) on time of ovulation. Suckled cows (n = 34) were treated with 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and an intravaginal insert containing 1.9 g of P4. Eight days later, P4 inserts were removed, and all cows received 150 μg of d-cloprostenol (prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue), 300 IU of eCG, and 1 mg of estradiol cypionate (ECP). On Day 9 (05:00 p.m.), cows were randomly distributed, according to the diameter of the pre-ovulatory follicle, in two treatments: 1) GnRH (n = 17) cows that received 10.5 μg of buserelin acetate, or 2) no further treatment (control, n = 17). Cows treated with GnRH 34 h after P4 insert removal ovulated earlier (P = 0.02) than control cows (66 ± 0.0 and 77.2 ± 4.3 h). Experiment 2 was designed to determine the effect of GnRH34 on the fertility of suckled beef cows. Nelore cows (n = 506) were treated as Experiment 1. On Day 8, cows were painted in the sacrocaudal region to identify cows that displayed estrus. On Day 9 (05:00 p.m.), cows were randomized to receive same treatment as Experiment 1, control (n = 252), or GnRH (n = 254). All cows were TAI 48 h after P4 insert removal. At TAI, estrus was evaluated, and deemed to have occurred in cows without a tail-head chalk mark (>75% paint loss). Cows treated with GnRH 34 h after P4 insert removal had greater (P = 0.01) pregnancy per AI (P/AI) than cows that only received ECP (63.0% and 50.4%). No difference (P = 0.5) was observed in the proportion of cows that displayed estrus between treatments. Furthermore, cows that displayed estrus had greater (P < 0.01) P/AI than cows that did not. Treatment with GnRH, given at 34 h after P4 insert removal, increased (P < 0.05) P/AI in cows that did not show estrus at TAI. In summary, treatment with GnRH 34 h after P4 insert removal was associated with earlier ovulation and resulted in greater P/AI in suckled Nelore cows treated with an estradiol/P4-based protocol for TAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid P Barbosa
- Universidade Federal do Acre, UFAC, PPGESPA, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | - Jamyle P Cestaro
- Universidade Federal do Acre, UFAC, PPGESPA, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | - Samira A Silva
- Centro Universitário Aparício Carvalho - FIMCA, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | | | - George M Silva
- Universidade Federal de Rondonia - UNIR, PPG em Desenvolvimento Regional e Meio Ambiente, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Felipe H Paes
- Centro Universitário Aparício Carvalho - FIMCA, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Bernardo G Gasperin
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPEL, PPG em Veterinária, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Monique T Rovani
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, PPG em Ciências Veterinárias, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz F M Pfeifer
- Embrapa Rondonia, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
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Silva AG, Pinto LMF, Silva NDA, Mattos ACD, Ambrósio PH, Duarte KMR, Alvarez RH, Pugliesi G. Comparison of three doses of estradiol benzoate for synchronization of follicular wave emergence in suckled Bos indicus beef cows. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210016. [PMID: 34691264 PMCID: PMC8480989 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the effect of three estradiol benzoate (EB) doses on follicular wave emergence (FWE) and dominant follicle growth of suckled Nelore cows submitted to TAI (D0). On a random day of estrous cycle (D−10), multiparous (MULT; n=36) and primiparous (PRIM; n=20) suckled Nelore cows received an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device and were assigned in three groups. Cows in the EB-1 (n=20), EB-1.5 (n=15) or EB-2 (n=21) groups received, respectively, an im treatment with 1, 1.5 or 2 mg EB. A subgroup (n=10-13 cows/group) were subject to daily ovarian evaluations from D−10 to D0. On D−2, P4 devices were removed, and all cows received the same treatment: 1 mg estradiol cypionate, 0.53 mg sodium cloprostenol, and 300 IU eCG. Statistical analyses were performed considering only the main effects of treatment group and parity order. The proportion of cows with a synchronized FWE and the moment of the FWE did not differ (p>0.05) among the treatment groups (overall: 80% [28/35] and 4.1 ± 0.4 days); however, the FWE occurred earlier (p=0.007) in MULT (3.8 ± 0.2 days) than PRIM (5.1 ± 0.4) cows. The proportion of animals detected in estrus was greater (86% [31/36] vs. 70% [14/20]; p=0.02) and the dominant follicle was larger on D−2 (9.7 ± 0.3 mm vs. 7.8 ± 0.7 mm; p=0.006) and D0 (11.9 ± 0.4 mm vs. 10 ± 0.5 mm; p=0.008) in MULT than PRIM cows. In conclusion, the three EB doses presented similar efficiency to synchronize the FWE in suckled Nelore cows. Moreover, a delayed FWE and smaller dominant follicle is observed in PRIM cows, contributing to the reduced reproductive performance in this parity category when using similar TAI protocols of MULT cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Guimarães Silva
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Marin Ferreira Pinto
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Nadark de Amorim Silva
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Clara Degan Mattos
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Pablo Henrique Ambrósio
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Keila Maria Roncato Duarte
- Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tietê, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Tietê, SP, Brasil
| | - Rafael Herrera Alvarez
- Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tietê, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Tietê, SP, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
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Administration of PGF2α at the moment of timed-AI using sex-sorted or conventional semen in suckled nelore cows with different intensity of estrus behavior. Theriogenology 2021; 174:169-175. [PMID: 34455244 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate pregnancy rates (PR) and ovulatory characteristics of Nelore cows receiving PGF2α at the time of AI (artificial insemination) in a progesterone(P4)/estradiol-based timed-AI protocol. We also compared the effects of PGF2α treatment at AI in cows inseminated with conventional or sex-sorted semen, with the absence or expression of estrus. In experiment 1, a total of 701 suckled, multiparous Nelore cows from two commercial beef farms were submitted to the same protocol. All cows received a 12.5 mg (IM) injection of dinoprost tromethamine (Dinoprost; Lutalyse®; PGF treatment) at days 7 and 9 of a timed-AI protocol. Following P4 device removal (day 11; D11), AI was performed 48 h later with conventional or sex-sorted semen from two different sires. At AI, cows received an additional dose of 12.5 mg (IM) of Dinoprost (PGF treatment) or 2.5 mL (IM) of sterile saline (Control). Estrus behavior was determined at D11 by activation of an estrus detection device (Estrotect®). The overall PR was 32.8% (n = 348) at Farm 1 and 42.3% (n = 353) at Farm 2 (P = 0.01). Despite PR differences between farms, the same factors affected PR at Farms 1 and 2. Body condition score (P = 0.02), estrus behavior (P = 0.01), and type of semen (P < 0.001) were factors affecting PR. Conventional semen had a 2.73x greater chance of successful pregnancy than sex-sorted semen. Cows displaying estrus had a 2.5x greater chance of successful pregnancy than cows that did not display estrus. No treatment effect (P = 0.67) was detected in cows receiving conventional or sex-sorted semen. However, there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for an interaction between treatment (PGF or control) and estrus behavior (estrus or no estrus). PGF2α at the time of AI tended to increase PR of cows that did not display estrus (P < 0.10). In experiment 2, 29 suckled, multiparous Nelore cows were compared using B-mode and Doppler ultrasongraphy to assess the ovulatory characteristics of cows receiving the 12.5 mg (IM) injection of Dinoprost (PGF treatment) or saline solution (control) at D11. No significant effects of PGF2α treatment at D11 were observed in follicular characteristics and/or ovulation performance. It was concluded that fertility of sex-sorted semen was lower than conventional semen, regardless of the PGF2α treatment. The 12.5 mg treatment of Dinoprost at AI did not accelerate the occurrence of ovulation; however, it was interesting to note that PGF2α treatment at timed-AI appeared to increase the fertility of cows that did not display estrus, independent of semen type.
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Yoshiyama T, Kanazawa T, Takahashi T. Follicular dynamics during the pre-ovulatory and subsequent first follicular wave stages affect the pregnancy outcome in Japanese Black cows. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:345-351. [PMID: 34556611 PMCID: PMC8668376 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The diameters of the pre-ovulatory follicles (PF) and the largest follicle during the subsequent first follicular wave (W1LF), and plasma estradiol-17β (E2) concentrations were
monitored on Days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 (ovulation = Day 1). Pregnancy was diagnosed on Day 30. Cows were classified into two groups according to the location of the dominant follicle
ipsilateral (IG) or contralateral (CG) to the corpus luteum on Day 7. From Days 3 to 7, some follicles that had been determined as the subordinate in the previous examination exceeded the
W1LF located in the opposite ovary in terms of the diameter. These were defined as switching (SW), whereas others were defined as non-switching (NSW). The diameter of PF was significantly
smaller in pregnant (P) animals than in non-pregnant (NP) animals. The plasma E2 concentration on Day 0 was significantly higher in P animals than in NP animals and tended to be
higher in NSW than in SW. In addition, plasma E2 concentrations around Days 3 to 7 tended to be higher in P animals of NSW than in NP animals of SW. The conception rates did not
differ between IG and CG but were significantly higher in NSW than in SW. In the IG group, the conception rate tended to be higher in NSW than in SW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsumugi Yoshiyama
- Cooperative Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.,Fukushima Prefectural Federated Agricultural Aid Association, Fukushima 963-6311, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kanazawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Cooperative Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.,Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Correlation between Pre-Ovulatory Follicle Diameter and Follicular Fluid Metabolome Profiles in Lactating Beef Cows. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090623. [PMID: 34564438 PMCID: PMC8471867 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced ovulation of small pre-ovulatory follicles reduced pregnancy rates, embryo survival, day seven embryo quality, and successful embryo cleavage in beef cows undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination. RNA-sequencing of oocytes and associated cumulus cells collected from pre-ovulatory follicles 23 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration to induce the pre-ovulatory gonadotropin surge suggested reduced capacity for glucose metabolism in cumulus cells of follicles ≤11.7 mm. We hypothesized that the follicular fluid metabolome influences metabolic capacity of the cumulus-oocyte complex and contributes to reduced embryo cleavage and quality grade observed following induced ovulation of small follicles. Therefore, we performed a study to determine the correlation between pre-ovulatory follicle diameter and follicular fluid metabolome profiles in lactating beef cows (Angus, n = 130). We synchronized the development of a pre-ovulatory follicle and collected the follicular contents approximately 20 h after GnRH administration. We then performed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) metabolomic studies on 43 follicular fluid samples and identified 38 metabolites within pre-ovulatory follicles of increasing size. We detected 18 metabolites with a significant, positive correlation to follicle diameter. Individual and pathway enrichment analysis of significantly correlated metabolites suggest that altered glucose and amino acid metabolism likely contribute to reduced developmental competence of oocytes when small pre-ovulatory follicles undergo induced ovulation.
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Rosa CO, Costa CB, de Lima CB, da Silva CB, Zangirolamo AF, Ferreira CR, Seneda MM. Lipid profile of in vitro embryos produced from Bos indicus cows with low and high antral follicle counts. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pfeifer LFM, Rodrigues WB, Nogueira E. Relationship between body condition score index and fertility in beef cows subjected to timed artificial insemination. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Alves RLOR, Silva MA, Consentini CEC, E Silva LO, Folchini NP, Oliva AL, Prata AB, Gonçalves JRS, Wiltbank MC, Sartori R. Hormonal combinations aiming to improve reproductive outcomes of Bos indicus cows submitted to estradiol/progesterone-based timed AI protocols. Theriogenology 2021; 169:89-99. [PMID: 33945944 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to study reproductive outcomes of Nelore (Bos indicus) cows submitted to a 7-d estradiol (E2)/progesterone (P4)-based timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol, receiving various combinations of doses and hormones. Primiparous (n = 962) and multiparous (n = 1935) cows were submitted to synchronization (n = 2012) and resynchronization (n = 885 non-pregnant cows at pregnancy diagnosis 30 d after TAI) protocols, following a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of eight treatments. At the initiation of the TAI protocol (Day -9), all cows received a 1.0 g intravaginal P4 insert, 2.0 mg E2 benzoate and received (PGF1) or not (PGF0) 0.5 mg cloprostenol sodium (PGF). On Day -2, the P4 insert was removed, all cows received 0.5 mg PGF, 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and 0.5 (EC0.5) or 1.0 mg estradiol cypionate (EC1.0). On Day 0, cows were treated (G1) with 8.4 μg buserelin acetate (GnRH) or not (G0), concurrently with TAI. The eight treatments were generated: 1) PGF0-EC0.5-G0 (n = 364), 2) PGF0-EC0.5-G1 (n = 363), 3) PGF1-EC0.5-G0 (n = 363), 4) PGF1-EC0.5-G1 (n = 360), 5) PGF0-EC-1.0-G0 (n = 360), 6) PGF0-EC1.0-G1 (n = 363), 7) PGF1-EC1.0-G0 (n = 361), and 8) PGF1-EC1.0-G1 (n = 363). Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was greater at first AI compared with resynchronization (58.9 [n = 2012] vs. 54.9% [n = 885]). Presence of CL on Day -9 resulted in more cows expressing estrus (81.3 [n = 680] vs. 67.1% [n = 2033]) and greater P/AI (66.0 [n = 692] vs. 54.9% [n = 2106]). There was no difference in P/AI between cows that received or not PGF on Day -9 (58.7 [n = 1447] vs. 56.6% [n = 1450]). In contrast, PGF tended to increase P/AI of cows with CL on Day -9 (with PGF = 69.1 [n = 375] vs. without PGF = 62.5% [n = 317]). Cows that received 1.0 mg EC expressed more estrus than those treated with 0.5 mg (73.8 [n = 1414] vs. 67.9% [n = 1398]) and had greater P/AI (60.2 [n = 1447] vs. 55.1% [n = 1450]). P/AI was greater in cows treated with GnRH at TAI (59.8 [n = 1449] vs. 55.5% [n = 1448]), particularly in cows that did not show estrus (52.7 [n = 393] vs. 38.1% [n = 420]). Moreover, GnRH on Day 0 increased P/AI in cows with BCS < 3.0 (57.1 [n = 723] vs. 48.6% [n = 698]), in primiparous (50.1 [n = 465] vs. 41.9% [n = 497]) and in cows that received 0.5 mg EC (58.9 [n = 723] vs. 51.3% [n = 727]). In conclusion, 1.0 mg of EC on Day -2 and GnRH at TAI improved P/AI, but the combination of a higher dose of EC and GnRH treatment at AI did not enhance this effect. Furthermore, GnRH improved P/AI especially in Bos indicus cows with lower expression of estrus, such as primiparous, thinner cows, and cows treated with 0.5 mg of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo L O R Alves
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus A Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos E C Consentini
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas O E Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Natália P Folchini
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Abraham L Oliva
- Cuautitlán Higher Education Faculty-UNAM, Cuautitlán Izcalli, 54740, Mexico
| | | | | | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Cedeño AV, Cuervo R, Tríbulo A, Tríbulo R, Andrada S, Mapletoft R, Menchaca A, Bó GA. Effect of expression of estrus and treatment with GnRH on pregnancies per AI in beef cattle synchronized with an estradiol/progesterone-based protocol. Theriogenology 2020; 161:294-300. [PMID: 33370598 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments evaluated the effects of expression of estrus and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment on pregnancies per AI (P/AI) in beef cattle that were treated with an estradiol/progesterone (P4)-based protocol for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). In Experiment 1, 20 non-lactating beef cows were treated with 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and an intravaginal device containing 0.5 g of P4. Seven days later, P4 devices were removed and all cows received prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) and 0.5 mg estradiol cypionate (ECP). Estrus was detected using tail paint and cows that did not show estrus by 48 h after P4 device removal were randomized to receive GnRH or no treatment. Ovulation, as determined by ultrasonography, occurred earlier in cows that showed estrus (68.0 ± 2.5 h) than in cows that did not (82.0 ± 2.1 h, P < 0.05). Furthermore, cows that received GnRH ovulated earlier (78.0 ± 2.6 h) than those that did not (86.0 ± 2.0, P < 0.05). Experiment 2 determined whether expression of estrus and the administration of GnRH to animals that did not show estrus increased P/AI. Non-lactating beef cows and heifers (n = 1356) were treated as in Experiment 1 (P4 device removal, PGF2α and ECP administration on Day 7) or extended until Day 8. All animals in estrus by 48 h after P4 device removal were inseminated and those not showing estrus received GnRH or no treatment and were FTAI 8 h later (i.e., at 56 h). P/AI were greater (P < 0.01) in animals that were observed in estrus by 48 h (56.4%) than in those that did not show estrus (46.5%). Likewise, animals that did not show estrus but were treated with GnRH had greater P/AI (53.8%, P < 0.04) than those that did not receive GnRH (37.9%). Experiment 3 was designed to determine the effect of delaying GnRH treatment to the time of FTAI (at 56 h) in cows not showing estrus by 48 h after P4 device removal. Suckled beef cows (n = 969) were treated as in Experiment 1, except that all cows also received 400 IU of eCG at the time of P4 device removal on Day 7. Cows that showed estrus by 48 h or 56 h had greater P/AI (62.3%, P < 0.05) than those did not show estrus (51.5%). Furthermore, when cows that did not show estrus by 48 h were analyzed separately, P/AI were greater (P < 0.05) in those that received GnRH at 48 h and were FTAI by 56 h (64.9%) than in those that received GnRH concurrent with FTAI by 56 h after device removal (54.6%). In summary, expression of estrus was associated with earlier ovulations and resulted in greater P/AI in cows and heifers treated with an estradiol/P4-based protocol for FTAI. Furthermore, GnRH treatment in animals that did not show estrus hastened the time of ovulation and increased P/AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés V Cedeño
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145, Córdoba, Argentina; Maestría en Reproducción Bovina, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biotecnología de La Reproducción Animal, Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí Manuel Félix López (ESPAM-MFL) Bolívar, Manabí, Ecuador
| | - Rodrigo Cuervo
- Maestría en Reproducción Bovina, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa Del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés Tríbulo
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Tríbulo
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Salvador Andrada
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Reuben Mapletoft
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alejo Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal de Uruguay, IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145, Córdoba, Argentina; Maestría en Reproducción Bovina, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa Del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Oliveira Filho RV, Cooke RF, de Mello GA, Pereira VM, Vasconcelos JLM, Pohler KG. The effect of clitoral stimulation post artificial insemination on pregnancy rates of multiparous Bos indicus beef cows submitted to estradiol/progesterone-based estrus synchronization protocol. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5856330. [PMID: 32529208 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clitoral stimulation after artificial insemination (AI) in beef cattle is a common practice utilized by AI technicians; however, the effect of clitoral stimulation during fixed-time AI (TAI) is still unknown. The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of clitoral stimulation on temperament responses and pregnancy rates to TAI in Bos indicus beef cows. A total of 1,186 multiparous Nellore cows across three different locations were assigned to an estradiol/progesterone-based estrus synchronization + TAI protocol (day -11 to 0). Cows were randomly assigned to receive either 3 s of clitoral stimulation (n = 602) or no clitoral stimulation (n = 584) immediately after TAI (day 0). Cow body condition score (BCS) was recorded on day -11. Estrus expression was evaluated based on estrus detection visual aid patch activation on day 0 (estrus, ≥50% activated; no estrus, <50% activated). Temperament was assessed by individual chute score based on a 5-point scale before TAI, and individual exit velocity was measured after clitoral stimulation. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 d after TAI via transrectal ultrasonography. Pregnancy rate to TAI was positively affected by BCS (P < 0.01) and estrus expression (P = 0.03). Pregnancy rates of cows receiving clitoral stimulation did not differ (P = 0.39) from cows non-stimulated (47.5 ± 4.6% vs. 44.3 ± 4.6%, respectively). No interaction of clitoral stimulation and estrus expression was observed (P = 0.26). Chute score was positively correlated to exit velocity (P < 0.01; r = 0.29); however, clitoral stimulation did not affect exit velocity (P = 0.86). In summary, pregnancy rates to TAI are influenced by various factors and multiple strategies have the potential to increase the fertility of beef cows submitted to TAI; however, clitoral stimulation of Bos indicus beef cows did not improve TAI pregnancy rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro V Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Gustavo A de Mello
- Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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43
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de Lima MA, Morotti F, Bayeux BM, de Rezende RG, Botigelli RC, De Bem THC, Fontes PK, Nogueira MFG, Meirelles FV, Baruselli PS, da Silveira JC, Perecin F, Seneda MM. Ovarian follicular dynamics, progesterone concentrations, pregnancy rates and transcriptional patterns in Bos indicus females with a high or low antral follicle count. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19557. [PMID: 33177637 PMCID: PMC7658257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of the antral follicle count (AFC) on ovarian follicular dynamics, pregnancy rates, progesterone concentrations, and transcriptional patterns of genes in Nelore cattle (Bos taurus indicus) after a timed artificial insemination (TAI) programme. Cows were separated based on the AFC, and those with a high AFC showed a larger (P < 0.0001) ovarian diameter and area than those with a very low AFC. Females with a very low AFC exhibited a larger (P < 0.01) diameter of the dominant follicle at TAI (13.6 ± 0.3 vs. 12.2 ± 0.4 mm) and a tendency (P = 0.06) to have different serum progesterone concentrations (2.9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.1 ± 0.3 ng/mL; on day 18, considering day 0 as the beginning of the synchronization protocol) than those with a high AFC. The pregnancy rate was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in animals with a very low (57.9%) and low (53.1%) AFC than in those with a high AFC (45.2%). The expression of genes related to intercellular communication, meiotic control, epigenetic modulation, cell division, follicular growth, cell maintenance, steroidogenesis and cellular stress response was assessed on day 5. In females with a low AFC, 8 and 21 genes in oocytes and cumulus cells, respectively, were upregulated (P < 0.05), while 3 and 6 genes in oocytes and cumulus cells, respectively, were downregulated. The results described here will help elucidate the differences in ovarian physiology and the reproductive success of Bos indicus females with a low or high AFC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Morotti
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, UEL, Cx. Postal: 10.011, Londrina, PR, Cep: 86057-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Felipe Perecin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Marcondes Seneda
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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44
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Peralta-Torres JA, Torres-Chablé OM, Segura-Correa JC, Ojeda-Robertos NF, Chay-Canul AJ, Luna-Palomera C, Severino-Lendechy VH, Aké-Villanueva JR. Ovarian dynamics of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) synchronized with different hormonal protocols. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3475-3480. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sarwar Z, Saad M, Saleem M, Husnain A, Riaz A, Ahmad N. Effect of follicle size on oocytes recovery rate, quality, and in-vitro developmental competence in Bos indicus cows. Anim Reprod 2020; 17:e20200011. [PMID: 33029208 PMCID: PMC7534568 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of follicle size on recovery rate, quality, and in-vitro developmental competence of oocytes in Bos indicus cows. The ovaries (n = 507) of Bos indicus cows having age of 5-8 years, with mixed parity, BCS 2.75 ± 0.25, and clinically normal reproductive tracts were collected from the local abattoir. The follicles on the ovaries were divided into two groups based upon their size; 1) ≥6 mm diameter, and 2) <6 mm diameter. After initial evaluation of quality of the oocytes, the COCs were in vitro matured, fertilized, and cultured to determine the in vitro developmental competence. The oocyte recovery, quality, maturation, cleavage, 4-cell, 8-cell, and 16-cell stages were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. However, the number of oocytes recovered per ovary was analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS. Results revealed that the recovery of oocytes (LSM ± SEM) derived from the follicles having size <6 mm per ovary was greater (1.02 vs. 3.14 ± 0.13; P < 0. 0001). However, the percentage (n/n) recovery [69.8 (474/679) vs. 62.7% (1454/2320); P = 0.01] and grade I_+_II oocytes [68.4 (324/474) vs. 57.9% (842/1454); P < 0.0001] was greater in ≥6 mm as compared with <6 mm group, respectively. However, maturation rate did not differ [92.9 (288/310) vs. 92.2% (296/321); P = 0.98] between the groups. In contrast, cleavage rate [58.1 (180/310) vs. 47.4% (152/321); P = 0.01], the 4-cell [34.5 (107/310) vs. 18.7% (60/321); P = 0.0003], 8-cell [15.5 (48/310) vs. 7.8% (25/321); P = 0.008], and 16-cell [8.7 (27/310) vs. 2.1% (7/321); P = 0.004] stage embryos were greater in ≥6 mm group. It can be concluded that oocytes derived from follicle ≥6 mm have better in vitro developmental competence based on embryonic conversion in Bos indicus cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaeem Sarwar
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Husnain
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Amjad Riaz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Tonizza de Carvalho NA, Soares de Carvalho JG, Sales JNDS, Guerreiro BM, Freitas BGD, D'Occhio MJ, Baruselli PS. Treatment with estradiol cypionate at progesterone withdrawal reduces handling without compromising the pregnancy rate to timed-AI in buffalo. Theriogenology 2020; 157:498-502. [PMID: 32905899 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if treatment with estradiol cypionate (EC) at the time of P4 withdrawal induced ovulation in a synchronization/timed-AI (TAI) protocol in buffalo. In Experiment 1, 56 buffaloes received an intravaginal P4 device (1.0 g) plus estradiol benzoate (EB, 2.0 mg im) on Day 0 (D0). On Day 9, the P4 device was removed and buffaloes were given PGF2α (0.53 mg im sodium cloprostenol) plus eCG (400 IU im). Buffaloes were then randomly allocated to one of two groups: Group GEC (n = 29), treated with EC (1.0 mg im) at P4 device removal; Group GEB (n = 27), treated with EB (1.0 mg im) 24 h after P4 device removal. Ovarian ultrasound was undertaken on: D0, to ascertain general ovarian status; D9 to D11 (every 24 h), to measure diameter of the largest follicle (LF) and follicular growth rate; D11 to D13 (every 12 h for 72 h), to determine the time of ovulation and ovulation rate. Following P4 device removal, Groups GEC and GEB had a similar follicular growth rate (0.9 ± 0.1 and 1.1 ± 0.1 mm/day, respectively; P = 0.15) and similar LF diameter on D11 (11.4 ± 0.6 and 12.5 ± 0.5 mm; P = 0.12). Groups GEC and GEB also had a similar diameter of the ovulatory follicle (13.0 ± 0.5 and 13.4 ± 0.6 mm; P = 0.52), interval from P4 device removal to ovulation (68.2 ± 2.8 and 71.1 ± 1.4 h; P = 0.41) and ovulation rate (62.1% and 70.4%; P = 0.44). In Experiment 2, 199 buffaloes were assigned to the two treatments in Experiment 1 (GEC, n = 100; GEB, n = 99). All animals underwent TAI 56 h after P4 device removal and pregnancy diagnosis was preformed on D41. The pregnancy rate was similar for Groups GEC and GEB (50.0 and 45.5%, respectively; P = 0.45). The findings indicate that treatment with EC at the time of P4 withdrawal induces ovulation and achieves the same pregnancy rate to TAI as treatment with EB 24 h after P4 removal. The use of EC requires one less handling which is highly important in facilitating practical adoption of TAI in assisted breeding and genetic improvement in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelcio Antonio Tonizza de Carvalho
- Research and Development Unit of Registro / Diversified Animal Science Research Center / Institute of Animal Science, Registro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Gleyci Soares de Carvalho
- Human Reproduction Section, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Nélio de Sousa Sales
- Department of Animal Science, UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michael J D'Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Effect of estrus expression or treatment with GnRH on pregnancies per embryo transfer and pregnancy losses in beef recipients synchronized with estradiol/progesterone-based protocols. Theriogenology 2020; 157:378-387. [PMID: 32866844 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were designed to determine the effect of expression of estrus or GnRH treatment on pregnancies per embryo transfer (P/ET) and pregnancy losses in beef recipients that were synchronized with estradiol/progesterone based protocols for fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET). Experiment 1 evaluated the effect of expression of estrus and GnRH treatment in the absence of estrus on P/ET. Beef cows (n = 729) were treated with 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and an intravaginal device containing 0.5 g of progesterone. Devices were removed 8 d later and all cows received prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), 400 IU eCG, and 0.5 mg estradiol cypionate (ECP) at that time. Expression of estrus was determined at 48 and 56 h after device removal using tail-paint and cows that did not show positive signs of estrus by 48 h received GnRH or no treatment at random. The overall estrus rate was 76.0% (554/729); 68.0% had positive signs of estrus by 48 h after progesterone device removal and 28.0% of those not in estrus by 48 h showed estrus by 56 h. The proportion of recipients receiving in vivo-derived (IVD) or in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos and P/ET were greater in recipients that showed estrus by 48 and 56 h (94.0% and 48.4%, respectively) than in those that did not show estrus 41.0% and 29.0%, respectively; P < 0.01). However, GnRH treatment of recipients not showing estrus by 48 h did not improve P/ET. Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of expression of estrus on P/ET and pregnancy loses up to parturition in recipients synchronized with two estradiol-based protocols. Beef cows (n = 403) were divided at random to receive the same synchronization protocol as in Experiment 1 (ECP) or a J-Synch protocol (device removal on day 6 and without using estradiol cypionate to induce ovulation). In this experiment, pregnancy was determined at 30 and 60 d by ultrasonography, and all pregnant recipients were followed until parturition to determine pregnancy losses during gestation. Although the number of recipients receiving IVP embryos was greater in the ECP group (90.5% vs. 83.5%; P = 0.03), P/ET did not differ (ECP: 37.0% and J-Synch: 39.0%; P = 0.43). Overall, 88.0% (357/407) of the recipients synchronized showed estrus and a greater P/ET (P = 0.05) was found in the recipients that showed estrus (39.0%) vs. those that did not show estrus (26.0%), regardless of treatment group. Pregnancy losses were lower (P = 0.004) and the calving rate was higher (P = 0.01) in recipients that showed estrus (25.0% and 29.3%, respectively) than in those that did not (88.8% and 2.9%, respectively). In summary, expression of estrus was associated with a greater P/ET in recipients treated with two different estradiol/P4-based synchronization protocols. The expression of estrus was associated with a greater proportion of recipients receiving embryos, P/ET and calving rate. Treatment with GnRH did not improve P/ET in the recipients that did not show estrus, questioning the its use in recipients synchronized with estradiol/progesterone based FTET protocols.
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48
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Ovarian Follicle Growth during Lactation Determines the Reproductive Performance of Weaned Sows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10061012. [PMID: 32532102 PMCID: PMC7341282 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this field study, the ovaries of weaned (n = 191, experiment 1) and lactating (n = 40, experiment 2) sows were transrectally scanned to measure the diameter of the follicles. Both the weaned and lactating sows showed great variability in the diameter of the ovarian follicles, indicating that the variability at weaning already existed during early lactation and was carried over to weaning. Sows with small follicles at weaning showed low reproductive performance and were more frequent among those with fewer farrowings and those weaned in summer–autumn. Abstract Factors causing variability in ovarian follicle size among weaned sows are not well known. This field study aimed to disclose influencing factors and evaluate if the differences at weaning were established during lactation. Ovaries were scanned using transrectal ultrasound. The first experiment was conducted over a year with 191 randomly chosen sows that were hierarchically grouped (p < 0.001) according to ovarian follicle diameter reached at weaning: Small (0.20–0.30 cm; n = 37), medium (0.31–0.39 cm; n = 75), and large (0.40-1.00 cm; n = 69). Sows with small follicles showed a higher incidence of post-weaning anestrus (p < 0.01), longer wean-to-estrus/ovulation intervals (p < 0.01) and farrowing smaller litters (p < 0.05). Ovaries with small follicles were more common among sows weaned in summer–autumn than in winter–spring (p < 0.01) and among sows of lower parity (1–3) (p < 0.05). In the second experiment, with 40 sows randomly chosen at farrowing, the ovaries were scanned at 7, 14, and 21 d post-partum. Sows showed great variability in ovarian follicular size during lactation with a consistent relationship between the three measurement times (r = 0.84, p < 0.01). Follicle size was smaller in sows nursing in summer–autumn than in winter–spring (p < 0.05). In conclusion, early lactation dictates the great variability in ovarian follicular diameter at weaning shown by sows. Sows with smaller follicles at weaning had longer intervals for estrus and ovulation and smaller litters at farrowing and they were in greater numbers among sows weaned during the summer and fall and among those with fewer previous farrowing.
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Effects of twice daily compared with split-time estrous detection on pregnancy percentage in recipient beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 219:106526. [PMID: 32828401 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives were to compare pregnancy percentages per embryo transfer (P/ET) in recipient beef cows following twice daily compared with split-time estrous detection and to determine associations of dominant follicle diameter, CL volume and progesterone concentrations. All cows (n = 695) were treated to synchronize time of estrus among cows using a CIDR + Select-Synch treatment regimen and randomly assigned to twice-daily or split-time estrous detection (CS-DEET or CS-SEET, respectively). Cows in the CS-DEET group were observed twice daily (eight times) for estrus until 96 h after the time of PGF2α administration, whereas cows in the CS-SEET group were observed twice (64 and 84 h after PGF2α). In 280 recipient cows, blood sampling (for progesterone) and ultrasonographic assessment of dominant follicle diameter were conducted 48 h after the time of PGF2α administration. At 7 d after estrus, the CL was imaged and there was transfer of a frozen-thawed embryo into cows with a CL ≥ 1.5 cm. There were positive correlations between follicle diameter and CL volume (rs = 0.827; P < 0.001) and CL volume and progesterone concentration (rs = 0.680; P < 0.001). Progesterone and CL volume differed between cows in CS-SEET and CS-DEET groups P < 0.05), however, percentage P/ET for cows in the CS-SEET and CS-DEET groups did not differ (P > 0.1). Dominant follicle diameter, CL volume and progesterone concentrations were greater in pregnant compared with nonpregnant cows. In conclusion, percentage P/ET did not differ when there was twice daily and split-time estrous detection highlighting the value of this approach in beef enterprises.
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de Lima RS, Martins T, Lemes KM, Binelli M, Madureira EH. Effect of a puberty induction protocol based on injectable long acting progesterone on pregnancy success of beef heifers serviced by TAI. Theriogenology 2020; 154:128-134. [PMID: 32603989 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Induction protocols based on progesterone (P4) are used prior to a synchronization program for timed-AI (TAI) to increase number of pubertal heifers and pregnancy per AI (P/AI). Injectable, long-lasting P4 (iP4) is a novel, practical method to supplement P4 in cattle. Here, we aimed to test the effect of an induction protocol based on a single injection of iP4 on P/AI of heifers. Bos indicus (Nellore) heifers were classified as pubertal (PUB; n = 224) or prepubertal (PRE; n = 414) based on two ovarian ultrasonographyc exams conducted 10 d apart. Heifers with a corpus luteum (CL) in any of the exams were considered PUB. Within each puberty status, heifers were assigned to receive nothing (NoiP4) or an induction protocol (iP4). Induction consisted of a single injection of 150 mg of iP4 on D-31, followed by injections of 1 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) and 150 μg of prostaglandin analogue (PGF) on D-21. On D-9, all heifers received 2 mg of EB + 75 μg of PGF associated to intravaginal P4-device insertion. On D-3, P4-releasing devices were removed and 150 μg of PGF injected. Heifers were inseminated based on estrus on D-1 or were TAI on D0. On D0, all heifers received a dose of GnRH analogue. On D-21, iP4 treatment stimulated a 50% increase in the uterine score (UTS) and a 19% increase in the diameter of the largest follicle of PRE heifers (P < 0.01). On D-9, PRE|iP4 group had a greater proportion (P < 0.01) of CL (63.3%) than PRE|NoiP4 group (11.6%). On D-3, exposure to 6 d P4-releasing device stimulated UTS of PRE|NoiP4 group in a similar fashion than the induction protocol, but it did not have any additional positive effect for PRE|iP4 heifers. P/AI of PRE|iP4 group was similar to that of the PUB groups (44.7 vs 46.9%), but was more than that of PRE|NoiP4 (34.2%). There was an overall 7.7% increment (P = 0.07) on P/AI of iP4 treated heifers (iP4: 46.0% vs. NoiP4: 38.3%). In conclusion, implementation of an induction protocol based on iP4 was efficacious to hasten puberty. Induction stimulated uterine development and follicular growth of prepubertal heifers, ultimately leading to pregnancy success similar to that of pubertal heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S de Lima
- Empresa Matogrossense de Pesquisa, Assistência e Extensão Rural (EMPAER), Pontes e Lacerda, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - T Martins
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - K M Lemes
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health do Brasil LTDA, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - E H Madureira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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