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Monaco D, Rota A, Carbonari A, Lillo E, Lacalandra GM, Rizzo A. Collection of epididymal semen in the tomcat (Felix catus) by stereomicroscope-aided retrograde flushing (SARF) improves sample quality. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 261:107388. [PMID: 38113674 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In small and laboratory animals epididymal spermatozoa can be collected only by the mincing technique however, blood and cell debris contamination may adversely affect the quality of the samples. This study aimed at performing the retrograde flushing technique, for the first time, in the tomcat. In the first experiment attempts to insert a blunted needle into tomcats' ductus deferentes were made and the cannulation time and the success rate were recorded. In the second experiment, insertion of the needle into the ductus was carried out under a stereomicroscope for one testis, while the other was submitted to mincing for sperm recovery and the samples obtained from paired testes were compared. In the first study, only twenty-eight percent of the cannulation attempts were successful whereas in the second experiment, 91% of the deferentes were successfully cannulated: 80% of the ducts were cannulated in less than three minutes. The stereomicroscope-aided retrograde flushing samples showed significantly higher sperm viability, motility and velocities, as compared to those resulted from mincing. The domestic cat serves as a model for more than 36 species of wild felids; the developed stereomicroscope-aided retrograde flushing technique has the potential to become the gold standard method for harvesting spermatozoa of endangered species that have a small ductus deferens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Monaco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro; road to Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy.
| | - Alessandra Rota
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa; via livornese lato monte, 56122 San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - Alice Carbonari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro; road to Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Edoardo Lillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro; road to Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Giovanni Michele Lacalandra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro; road to Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Annalisa Rizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro; road to Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy
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Martin-Pelaez S, Rabow Z, de la Fuente A, Draheim P, Loynachan A, Fiehn O, Meyers S, Lyman C, Dini P. Effect of pentobarbital as a euthanasia agent on equine in vitro embryo production. Theriogenology 2023; 205:1-8. [PMID: 37084499 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem and pre-euthanasia oocyte retrieval provides the last opportunity to preserve the genetic material in mares. Pentobarbital (PB) is the most common euthanasia agent; however, its effect on the developmental competence of oocytes has not been determined. Here, we evaluated the concentration of PB in equine follicular fluid (FF) and investigated its effect on the developmental competence of oocytes using a bovine IVF model to overcome the low availability of equine oocytes. The concentration of PB was measured by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry in FF collected from mare ovaries immediately after euthanasia (n = 10), 24 h post-euthanasia (n = 10), and from the ovaries collected by ovariectomy (negative control; n = 10). The serum concentration of PB was also evaluated as a positive control. PB was detected in all FF samples with an average concentration of 56.5 μg/ml. Next, bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were held in holding media with PB for 6 h at 60 μg/ml (H60, n = 196), 164 μg/ml (H164, n = 215) or without PB (control; n = 212). After holding, the oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro, followed by in vitro culture to the blastocyst stage. The cumulus expansion grade, cleavage rate, blastocyst rate, embryo kinetic rate and the blastocyst cell numbers were compared among the experimental groups of bovine COC. Higher rates of Grade 1 cumulus expansion were found in controls (54%, 32-76%; median, min-max) in comparison to H60 and H164 (24%,11-33% and 13%, 8-44%; P < 0.001). The cleavage rate was higher in the controls than in H164 (64% vs. 44%; P < 0.01). Blastocyst rates (blastocyst/cleaved oocytes) and total cell number were not different among the groups (control 29%, H60 25%, and H164 24%). In a preliminary study, equine oocytes (n = 28) were exposed to PB in vitro for 6 h followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and in vitro embryo production. Exposed oocytes showed a numerically lower maturation rate (43% Vs 52%; P > 0.05) in comparison to the laboratory-established rate during the same timepoints. Overall, we showed that PB reaches the FF immediately after euthanasia, exposing oocytes to this drug. This exposure affected cumulus expansion and cleavage rates in a bovine model, suggesting initial damage caused by PB that may not completely impede the formation of embryos, although lower overall embryo numbers might be obtained.
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Mohammadi Z, Alaee S, Namavar MR, Khodabandeh Z, Ahmadi N, Rashidipour N, Karami-Mohajeri S. The antioxidant properties of resveratrol on sperm parameters, testicular tissue, antioxidant capacity, and lipid peroxidation in isoflurane-induced toxicity in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231215036. [PMID: 37984886 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231215036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study explores whether resveratrol effectively protects the reproductive system against isoflurane-induced toxicity in testicular tissue. In this experiment, we randomly divided 60 adult male C57BL/6 mice into six groups (n = 10). Five consecutive days per week, mice were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 1 h/day and were given 50 and 100 mg/kg resveratrol. After 35 days (the completion of the mouse spermatogenesis period), the left testis was removed for histomorphometric evaluations, while the right testis was used to determine the Capacity of total antioxidants and lipid peroxidation. To analyze the Parameters of sperm, chromatin maturation, and DNA fragmentation, the left caudal epididymis was used. Based on a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), we considered a difference in means of 0.05 to be significant (P0.05). Compared to the control group, the isoflurane group showed a significant decrease in testicular weight, volume, sperm parameters, and tissue histomorphometry. Comparatively, to the control group, malondialdehyde levels increased, and the total antioxidant capacity decreased significantly. Resveratrol improved all of the above parameters in the simultaneous treatment groups compared to the isoflurane group. It did not, however, reach the level of the control group in all cases. It has been demonstrated that resveratrol, with its powerful antioxidant properties, reduces the reproductive toxicity of isoflurane by inhibiting free radicals and increasing the testicular tissue's antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sanaz Alaee
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Namavar
- Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Khodabandeh
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nahid Ahmadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Niloofar Rashidipour
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Madrigal-Valverde M, Bittencourt RF, Ribeiro Filho ADL, Barbosa VF, Vieira CA, Romão EA, Carneiro IB, Azevedo MC, Araujo GR. Quality of domestic cat semen collected by urethral catheterization after the use of different alpha 2-adrenergic agonists. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 23:745-750. [PMID: 33206029 PMCID: PMC10812191 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20973183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared the effects of two alpha (α)2-adrenergic agonists on semen traits. METHODS In this study, 13 adult domestic cats were divided into two experimental groups, according to the chemical ejaculation protocol used: the first group received medetomidine hydrochloride (100 µg/kg) and ketamine (5000 µg/kg); the second group received dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (25 µg/kg) and ketamine (5000 µg/kg), both by the intramuscular route. RESULTS The animals responded positively (P >0.05) to chemical collection. Seminal parameters evaluated included volume, sperm vigor, total motility, progressive motility, sperm concentration, and the structural and functional integrity of the plasma membrane; sperm morphology values did not differ between groups (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results indicated that dexmedetomidine is a more viable and economical alternative to medetomidine in domestic cats submitted to semen collection by urethral catheterization. Semen collection by urethral catheterization after using α2-adrenergic agonists is a recently developed technique in feline species that is considered to be quick and highly applicable to assisted reproduction programs in felids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Madrigal-Valverde
- School of Agronomy, Costa Rica Institute of Technology, CTLSC, San Carlos, Alajuela, Costa Rica
- Animal Sciences Department, University of Costa Rica, Campus Rodrigo Facio, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Rodrigo F Bittencourt
- School of Veterinary and Animal Science Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Vivian F Barbosa
- Departament Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics, Renato R de Madeiros Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Catharina A Vieira
- Departament Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics, Renato R de Madeiros Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Elton A Romão
- Departament Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics, Renato R de Madeiros Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Isabella B Carneiro
- Departament Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics, Renato R de Madeiros Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Milena C Azevedo
- Departament Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics, Renato R de Madeiros Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Batista M, Vilar J, Rosario I, Terradas E. Influence of different anaesthetic protocols over the sperm quality on the fresh, chilled (4°C) and frozen-thawed epididymal sperm samples in domestic dogs. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:758-65. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Batista
- Unit of Reproduction; Universitary Institute of Biomedical Research and Health; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - J Vilar
- Unit of Reproduction; Universitary Institute of Biomedical Research and Health; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - I Rosario
- Unit of Reproduction; Universitary Institute of Biomedical Research and Health; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - E Terradas
- Unit of Reproduction; Universitary Institute of Biomedical Research and Health; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Arucas Las Palmas Spain
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Valiente C, de la Sota PE, Arauz S, Gobello C. Ejaculation training, seminal alkaline phosphatase and semen preservation through cooling in a milk-based extender in domestic cats. J Feline Med Surg 2014; 16:312-6. [PMID: 24127457 PMCID: PMC11383120 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x13508192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this report is to describe (1) the training of domestic cats in ejaculation into an artificial vagina (AV), (2) alkaline phosphatase (AP) concentrations in whole ejaculates, and (3) the in vitro effect of a skimmed-milk plus egg yolk (SM-Y) extender on feline spermatozoa incubated at 4ºC. Five post-pubertal cats were trained to ejaculate into an AV three times a week for 20 mins in the presence of a teaser queen. Fifty AV-obtained ejaculates were macro- and microscopically assessed, and the AP therein measured by optimized colorimetry. Eighty AV-obtained ejaculates were pooled, diluted in SM-Y extender [80% (v/v) skimmed milk, 20% (v/v) egg yolk, and antibiotics], stored at 4°C and evaluated daily for 6 days. All the animals could be trained to ejaculate, although the interval up to the first AV ejaculation varied from 1.5 to 5.5 months (mean 3.9 months). The final performance at collection ranged from excellent to poor and was inversely related to the training period required in all cases. The mean AP concentration in whole ejaculates was 20,645.6 ± 4405U/l, which was not correlated with the concentration of spermatozoa. Most seminal parameters [(%); total (77 ± 2.3) and progressive (62.7 ± 3.4) motility, live sperm (91.8 ± 1.2), intact plasmalemma (83.5 ± 2.6), normal acrosomes (83.5 ± 2.6), pH (6.6 ± 0.0) and osmolarity (mOsm/l; 321 ± 5.2)], though decreasing during storage in the cold, remained within values compatible with in vivo fertilization for 2 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Valiente
- 1Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Jiménez E, Pérez-Marín CC, Vizuete G, Millán Y, Agüera EI. Effect of Different Extenders onIn VitroCharacteristics of Feline Epididymal Sperm During Cryopreservation. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:665-72. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Jiménez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Cordoba; Spain
| | - CC Pérez-Marín
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Cordoba; Spain
| | - G Vizuete
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Cordoba; Spain
| | - Y Millán
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Cordoba; Spain
| | - EI Agüera
- Department of Cell Biology; Physiology and Immunology; University of Cordoba; Cordoba; Spain
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