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Seisenov B, Duimbayev D, Kazhgaliyev N, Abdrakhmanov T, Tegza A, Abeldinov R, Burambayeva N, Temirzhanova A, Tegza I, Kemeshev Z, Zhanabayev A, Akhmetbekov N, Aisin M, Zhugunissov K, Issimov A. In Vitro Fertilization in Kazakh Whiteheaded Cattle: A Comparative Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1632. [PMID: 37629490 PMCID: PMC10456122 DOI: 10.3390/life13081632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro fertilization (IVF) technologies have great potential in the preservation of endangered species. In the current study, an IVF experiment was carried out to evaluate whether reproductive technologies are suitable for Kazakh Whiteheaded cattle, aimed at preserving this breed whose population has reduced drastically over the last thirty years. The reproduction characteristics of Kazakh Whiteheaded cows were compared to Aberdeen Angus cows. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovum pick up sessions were carried out followed by in vitro embryo production and embryo transfer and pregnancy diagnosis. The total and viable oocytes per OPU procedure were 12.8 ± 1.18 and 8.7 ± 0.85 for the Aberdeen Angus breed, and 8.8 ± 1.04 and 6.2 ± 0.83 for the Kazakh Whiteheaded breed. Similarly, the mean number of cleaved oocytes and morula/blastocyst stage embryos produced by OPU/IVF were 4.8 ± 0.49 and 1.4 ± 0.15 for the Aberdeen Angus breed, and 2.4 ± 0.46 and 0.18 ± 0.05 for the Kazakh Whiteheaded breed (p ≤ 0.02). From fifty Kazakh Whiteheaded donor animals, 2585 oocytes were aspirated following six ovum pick up sessions. One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six (72.5%) oocytes were chosen for maturation and were further fertilized. The number of embryos cleaved was 720 (38.3% out of oocytes fertilized) on day four post-fertilization. Of these cleaved embryos, 56 (7.5%) developed into the late morula/blastocyst stage on day seven post-fertilization, averaging 1.12 embryos per donor animal. Pregnancy was detected in 12 recipients; 4 healthy calves have been born to date. The outcomes of our study have demonstrated that reproductive technologies can be applicable in preserving the endangered Kazakh Whiteheaded cattle. The findings in this report will enhance knowledge of the reproductive characteristics of endangered domestic animals and help develop sophisticated reproductive protocols for animals with unique reproductive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolat Seisenov
- Assyl Tulik, Republican Center for Livestock Breeding, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dulat Duimbayev
- Department of Animal Husbandary and Bioresourses, Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian—Technical University, Oral 090000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Nurlybay Kazhgaliyev
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandary Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (N.K.); (T.A.); (Z.K.); (A.Z.); (N.A.)
| | - Talgat Abdrakhmanov
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandary Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (N.K.); (T.A.); (Z.K.); (A.Z.); (N.A.)
| | - Alexandra Tegza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay 110000, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (I.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Rustem Abeldinov
- Department of Zootechnology, Genetics and Breeding, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar 140000, Kazakhstan; (R.A.); (N.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Nadezhda Burambayeva
- Department of Zootechnology, Genetics and Breeding, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar 140000, Kazakhstan; (R.A.); (N.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Alma Temirzhanova
- Department of Zootechnology, Genetics and Breeding, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar 140000, Kazakhstan; (R.A.); (N.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Ivan Tegza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay 110000, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (I.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Zhomart Kemeshev
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandary Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (N.K.); (T.A.); (Z.K.); (A.Z.); (N.A.)
| | - Assylbek Zhanabayev
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandary Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (N.K.); (T.A.); (Z.K.); (A.Z.); (N.A.)
| | - Nurbolat Akhmetbekov
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Husbandary Technology, Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (N.K.); (T.A.); (Z.K.); (A.Z.); (N.A.)
| | - Marat Aisin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay 110000, Kazakhstan; (A.T.); (I.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Kuandyk Zhugunissov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Arman Issimov
- Department of Biology, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe 030000, Kazakhstan
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Saleem M, Yousuf MR, Ghafoor A, Riaz A. Effect of three schemes of ovum pick-up on the follicular dynamics, gene expression, and in-vitro developmental competence of oocytes in Sahiwal cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1230-1243. [PMID: 35771838 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effect of three schemes of ovum pick-up (OPU) on follicular dynamics, oocytes recovery, oocytes quality, gene expression, nuclear maturation and in-vitro developmental competence of oocytes in Sahiwal cattle. Considering the follicle population, all the cows were divided equally in a 3 × 3 cross over design, and each cow received one of the three treatments: (a) twice weekly (TW; n = 6), (b) once weekly (OW; n = 6) and (c) bi-weekly OPU (BW; n = 6) in three periods, with the first OPU conducted on 4, 7 and 14 days after second dominant follicle puncture (DFP) in the TW, OW and BW OPU interval groups, respectively. The collected cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) were graded into A, B, C and D grades depending on the number of layers of cumulus cells and homogeneous nature of cytoplasm. Nuclear maturation was assessed by staining the oocytes with Hoechst 33342. The growth rate (mm/day) of dominant follicle (DF) (F1) (0.49 ± 0.21 vs. 0.71 ± 0.26 vs. 1.30 ± 0.27) and first subordinate follicle (F2) (0.85 ± 0.27 vs. 0.71 ± 0.25 vs. 1.06 ± 0.29) did not differ (p > .05) among all the three groups. The proportion of animals bearing a corpus luteum (CL) in the BW OPU interval group (53.3%) was significantly higher (p < .05) as compared to TW (13.3%) and OW (18.3%) OPU interval groups. The number of medium-sized follicles and oocyte with grade A and B were significantly higher (p < .05) in the TW (1.16 ± 0.21 and 33.88 ± 0.03) OPU interval group as compared to the OW (0.88 ± 0.22 and 21.54 ± 0.03) and BW (0.55 ± 0.21 and 21.89 ± 0.02) OPU interval groups. However, the number of degenerated oocytes in BW (0.85 ± 0.16) OPU interval group was significantly higher (p < .05) as compared to the TW (0.16 ± 0.15) and OW (0.44 ± 0.16) OPU interval groups. Expression level of growth differentiation factor 9 in TW OPU interval group was significantly higher (p < .05) as compared to the OW and BW OPU interval groups. Likewise, expression level of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) in the TW and BW OPU interval groups was significantly higher (p < .05) as compared to the OW OPU interval group. The nuclear maturation rate was significantly higher in the TW (63.64 ± 0.07) and BW (59.26 ± 0.08) OPU groups as compared to OW (51.43 ± 0.06) OPU interval group. However, the cleavage rate (59.30 ± 0.06 vs. 44.29 ± 0.06 vs. 56.67 ± 0.06) did not differ (p > .05) among the three groups. Whereas, the blastocyst rate tended to be higher (p = .06) in the TW (29.07 ± 0.05) and BW (28.33 ± 0.04) OPU interval groups as compared to OW (18.57 ± 0.05) OPU interval group. Taken together, it can be concluded that TW OPU interval scheme enhances the medium-sized follicles resulting in good quality oocytes, regulates the oocyte-derived paracrine factors, leading to higher nuclear maturation rates and improved embryonic development in-vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Yousuf
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ghafoor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Riaz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Seneda MM, Zangirolamo AF, Bergamo LZ, Morotti F. Follicular wave synchronization prior to ovum pick-up. Theriogenology 2020; 150:180-185. [PMID: 31982155 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the reproductive biotechnologies, in vitro embryo production (IVEP) is an important tool for multiplying genetic material of superior merit. Recently, the number of embryos produced and transferred in vitro became significantly higher than that produced in vivo worldwide. In this context, the enhancement was attributable to ovum pick-up (OPU). With the advent of genomic technology, shortened breeding intervals, and increased selection accuracy, IVEP has attracted increasing attention for commercial use. The IVEP technique is well-established, but the embryo production rate has reached a plateau at 30-40%. Despite constant advances, the OPU/IVEP programs face some challenges that hinder the efficient application of the technique. Previous studies have shown that the quantity and quality of aspirated oocytes are essential factors for successful IVEP. This paper presents a brief overview of alternatives that can be employed to improve the process-seeking methods that assist in the recovery of better-quality oocytes and higher competence in OPU to improve embryo production. These strategies include using follicular wave synchronization prior to OPU, employing the influence of antral follicle populations, using the pre-OPU gonadotrophic stimulus and applying non-hormonal methods for selecting female donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Marcondes Seneda
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV-CCA-UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT-LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid-Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Parana, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Fonseca Zangirolamo
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV-CCA-UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT-LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid-Campus Universitário, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Parana, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa Zamparone Bergamo
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV-CCA-UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Fábio Morotti
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV-CCA-UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
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Vieira L, Rodrigues C, Castro Netto A, Guerreiro B, Silveira C, Freitas B, Bragança L, Marques K, Sá Filho M, Bó G, Mapletoft R, Baruselli P. Efficacy of a single intramuscular injection of porcine FSH in hyaluronan prior to ovum pick-up in Holstein cattle. Theriogenology 2016; 85:877-886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chasombat J, Nagai T, Parnpai R, Vongpralub T. Pretreatment of in vitro matured bovine oocytes with docetaxel before vitrification: Effects on cytoskeleton integrity and developmental ability after warming. Cryobiology 2015; 71:216-23. [PMID: 26192345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The stabilization of spindle fibersis important for successful vitrification of bovine oocytes because microtubules and other cytoskeleton fibers (CSF) can be damaged during vitrification, resulting in failure of fertilization after thawing. Docetaxel, a stabilizing agent, could potentially reduce CSF damage of bovine oocytes induced during vitrification. However, there have been no reports on the effects of docetaxel on their vitrification. Experiment 1 was conducted to investigate the effects of various doses of docetaxel (0.0, 0.05, 0.5, 5.0 and 50 μM) in preincubation medium of in vitro matured (IVM) bovine oocytes on their developmental ability after in vitro fertilization (IVF). The results show that 0.05 μM docetaxel had no adverse effect on embryo development, while docetaxel at a concentration of ⩾0.5 μM inhibited development. Experiments 2 and 3 were conducted to investigate the effects of preincubation of IVM bovine oocytes with 0.05 μM docetaxel for 30 min prior to vitrification-warming on CSF integrity (Experiment 2), and on oocyte survival and viability after IVF (Experiment 3). When preincubated with 0.05 μM docetaxel for 30 min before vitrification, post-thawed oocytes had less CSF damage and higher survival rates compared with those untreated with docetaxel before vitrification. Surviving oocytes also had higher rates of cleavage and development to the blastocyst stage after IVF. In conclusion, preincubation of IVM bovine oocytes with 0.05 μM docetaxel for 30 min before vitrification was effective at preventing CSF damage during vitrification, and improving oocyte viability after warming and subsequent cleavage and blastocyst formation after IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakkhaphan Chasombat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, Taipei 10648, Taiwan; NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center and School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Thevin Vongpralub
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Guerreiro BM, Batista EOS, Vieira LM, Sá Filho MF, Rodrigues CA, Castro Netto A, Silveira CRA, Bayeux BM, Dias EAR, Monteiro FM, Accorsi M, Lopes RNVR, Baruselli PS. Plasma anti-mullerian hormone: an endocrine marker for in vitro embryo production from Bos taurus and Bos indicus donors. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 49:96-104. [PMID: 25136816 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between plasma anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) concentration and in vitro embryo production (IVP) from Bos taurus (Holstein) and Bos indicus (Nelore) donors. A total of 59 Holstein (15 prepubertal heifers aged 8-10 mo, 15 cyclic heifers aged 12-14 mo, 14 lactating cows, and 15 nonlactating cows) and 34 Nelore (12 prepubertal heifers aged 10-11 mo, 10 prepubertal heifers aged 21-23 mo, and 12 cyclic heifers aged 24-26 mo) females were enrolled. All females underwent an ovum pick-up (OPU), without previous synchronization of the follicular wave, and IVP procedure. Immediately before the OPU procedure, blood samples were collected for subsequent AMH determination. A positive correlation was observed between the plasma AMH and number of in vitro embryos produced from Holstein (r = 0.36, P < 0.001) and Nelore (r = 0.50, P = 0.003) donors. For additional analyses, donors within each genotype were classified into 1 of 2 AMH categories (low or high) according to the average AMH concentration for each genotype. The results revealed that females classified as having high AMH presented a greater number of visible aspirated follicles (Holstein: 20.9 ± 1.5 vs 13.6 ± 0.9, P < 0.0001; Nelore: 54.3 ± 6.1 vs 18.6 ± 2.1, P < 0.0001) and a greater number of recovered cumulus-oocyte complexes (Holstein: 17.3 ± 1.5 vs 9.0 ± 0.9, P < 0.0001; Nelore: 45.3 ± 6.4 vs 13.4 ± 1.7, P < 0.0001). However, there was no difference in the blastocyst production rate (Holstein: 20.6% ± 4.0% vs 19.8% ± 4.2%, P = 0.60; Nelore: 33.7% ± 6.5% vs 27.4% ± 5.5%, P = 0.41, high and low AMH, respectively). Moreover, donors classified as having high AMH yielded a greater number of embryos produced per OPU (Holstein: 3.0 ± 0.7; Nelore: 7.0 ± 1.7) compared with those classified as having low AMH (Holstein: 1.2 ± 0.3, P = 0.04; Nelore: 2.2 ± 0.5, P = 0.007). In conclusion, although the plasma AMH concentration did not alter the ability of the cumulus-oocyte complex to reach the blastocyst stage, the AMH concentration in plasma can be an accurate endocrine marker for the in vitro embryo yield from either B. taurus (Holstein) or B. indicus (Nelore) donors. Therefore, AMH is a promising tool to enhance the overall efficiency of OPU-IVP programs in the field as a selective criterion for high embryo producing donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Guerreiro
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E O S Batista
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L M Vieira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M F Sá Filho
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - C R A Silveira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B M Bayeux
- Sexing Technologies Company, Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E A R Dias
- Station of the Sertãozinho Institute of Zootechny, (EEZS), Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F M Monteiro
- Station of the Sertãozinho Institute of Zootechny, (EEZS), Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Accorsi
- Sexing Technologies Company, Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - P S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, FMVZ-USP, Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Vieira L, Rodrigues C, Castro Netto A, Guerreiro B, Silveira C, Moreira R, Sá Filho M, Bó G, Mapletoft R, Baruselli P. Superstimulation prior to the ovum pick-up to improve in vitro embryo production in lactating and non-lactating Holstein cows. Theriogenology 2014; 82:318-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chasombat J, Nagai T, Parnpai R, Vongpralub T. Ovarian Follicular Dynamics, Ovarian Follicular Growth, Oocyte Yield, In vitro Embryo Production and Repeated Oocyte Pick Up in Thai Native Heifers Undergoing Superstimulation. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2013; 26:488-500. [PMID: 25049814 PMCID: PMC4093380 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the protocols for superstimulation of follicular growth in Thai native heifers. Heifers (n = 20) were randomly divided into four groups of five heifers/group. Heifers were given a single dose by i.m. administration of 100 mg Follicle Stimulating Hormone dissolved in polyvinylpyrrolidone (FSHp) at 24 h. Ovum pick up (OPU) occurred at 72 h (F24O72 protocol; Group 1) or 96 h (F24O96 protocol; Group 2), and at 36 h and OPU at 72 h (F36O72 protocol; Group 3) or 96 h (F36O96 protocol; Group 4) after follicular ablation. The dynamics of ovarian follicular growth were monitored by twice-daily ultrasonographic examinations. Blood sample collections were performed every 12 h after initiation of treatment for assessment of FSH, E2 and P4 profiles. All heifers were subjected to eight repeated sequential sessions of OPU. The follicular deviation commenced 24±5.32 h after follicular ablation in all groups. The circulatory FSH surged quickly from 24 to 36 h (>0.8 ng/ml) after follicular ablation and circulatory estrogen levels steadily increased from 36 h until OPU in all groups. At the end of the OPU sessions, the mean number of aspirated follicles/heifer/session in F36O72 protocol (Group 3) and F36O96 protocol (Group 4) were higher than in the two other groups (p<0.05). The number of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), cleaved and day 8 blastocysts rates in the F36O72 protocol (Group 3) were higher than in the other groups (p<0.05). It can be concluded that a single dose i.m. administration of 100 mg FSHp at 36 h and OPU at 72 h after follicular ablation (F36O72 protocol; Group 3) was the most effective protocol for superstimulation of follicular growth for repeated OPU and subsequent in vitro embryo production in Thai native heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Chasombat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
| | | | | | - T. Vongpralub
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand
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Baruselli PS, Sá Filho MF, Ferreira RM, Sales JNS, Gimenes LU, Vieira LM, Mendanha MF, Bó GA. Manipulation of Follicle Development to Ensure Optimal Oocyte Quality and Conception Rates in Cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 4:134-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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