1
|
Quelhas J, Pinto-Pinho P, Lopes G, Rocha A, Pinto-Leite R, Fardilha M, Colaço B. Sustainable animal production: exploring the benefits of sperm sexing technologies in addressing critical industry challenges. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10. [PMID: 38076548 PMCID: PMC10704908 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1181659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The sex of the animals is of paramount importance in many animal production systems. This is particularly evident in the production of milk or in breeding programs focused on the production of female animals. In some cases, slaughter or euthanasia of animals of the unwanted sex becomes the only solution, highlighting ethical and economic concerns. As global demand for food continues to rise, the importance of addressing these issues becomes more evident. Reproductive technologies, such as sperm sexing techniques, may hold the key to addressing both animal welfare and the sustainability of animal production. The use of semen enriched with sperm capable of producing offspring of the desired sex can serve as a valuable tool for producers to exert greater control over production outcomes, not only helping to mitigate welfare issues related to the unnecessary premature death of unwanted offspring but also providing a possible ally in the face of stricter animal welfare guidelines. In addition, sexed semen can also contribute to financial gains and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and food waste associated with the less profitable part of the herd. This paper explores the positive impacts that sperm sexing can have on animal welfare, economy, and environment. It also discusses currently available options and strategies for more successful implementation of sexed semen. Partnerships between companies and scientists will be essential to find innovative ways to adapt current production systems and develop sperm sexing technologies that apply to most livestock industries.
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva SA, Mondadori RG, Noleto GS, Barbosa IP, Gonçalves RL, Gasperin BG, Rovani MT, Paz EF, Gomes LS, Pfeifer LFM. GnRH34 with or without estradiol cypionate in timed AI in Bos indicus beef cows. Theriogenology 2023; 209:134-140. [PMID: 37392531 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of GnRH treatment on the fertility of suckled Nelore beef cows treated with an estradiol/progesterone (E2/P4)-based protocol for timed artificial insemination (TAI). Experiment 1 focused on determining the effects of estradiol cypionate (EC) on ovulation in TAI cows treated with GnRH 34 h after removal of the intravaginal P4 device (IPD). Suckled cows (n = 26) were treated with 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and IPD containing 1 g P4. After 8 days, IPDs were removed, and all cows were treated with 150 μg of d-cloprostenol (prostaglandin F2 alpha analog) and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), then separated into two treatment groups consisting of cows who received 1) saline 0.9% i.m. (GnRH34 group) or 2) 0.6 mg i.m. of EC (EC-GnRH34 group). On day 9 (05:00 p.m.), all cows were given GnRH (10.5 μg of buserelin acetate) i.m. No differences were observed between the groups (P > 0.05) in the time of ovulation after IPD removal or in the proportion of cows ovulating. Experiment 2 focused on determining the effects of GnRH34 along with or in the absence of EC on day 8 on pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in postpartum beef cows. Cows (n = 981) were treated similarly to those in Experiment 1, but an additional group, the EC-GnRH48 group, was included, in which cows received EC on day 8 whereas those that did not show estrus received GnRH at TAI. Thus, in this experiment, groups consisted of GnRH34 (n = 322), EC-GnRH34 (n = 335), and EC-GnRH48 (n = 324). A higher rate of estrus expression was observed in cows treated with EC following IPD removal (EC-GnRH34: 69%, EC-GnRH48: 64.8%) than in cows in the GnRH34 group (45.6%). No difference in P/AI was observed between the treatment groups (P = 0.45), but P/AI in cows in the EC-GnRH34 group (64.2%) tended to be greater (P = 0.1) than in cows in the GnRH34 group (58%). In summary, although ovulation synchrony did not differ among the groups, P/AI in cows treated with EC and GnRH 34 h after IPD removal tended to be greater than in cows treated solely with GnRH; this was most likely due to a shorter proestrus/estrus period, considering the lower proportion of cows that displayed estrus in the GnRH34 group. Finally, given that P/AI did not differ between the EC-GnRH34 and EC-GnRH48 groups, our results suggest that, for cows not displaying estrus, administration of EC at the time of IPD removal followed by treatment with GnRH 48 h afterward represents the most cost-efficient TAI strategy for South American Zebu-based beef operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira A Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPEL, PPG em Veterinária, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael G Mondadori
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPEL, PPG em Veterinária, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly S Noleto
- Universidade Federal de Rondonia - UNIR, PPG em Desenvolvimento Regional e Meio Ambiente, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Ingrid P Barbosa
- Universidade Federal do Acre, UFAC, PPGESPA, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | | | - Bernardo G Gasperin
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPEL, PPG em Veterinária, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Monique T Rovani
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, PPG em Ciências Veterinárias, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eanes F Paz
- Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Professional, Machadinho do Oeste, RO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Gomes
- Embrapa Rondonia, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Luiz F M Pfeifer
- Embrapa Rondonia, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rossignolo EADA, Silva NCD, Stolf RL, Cavalieri FLB, Colombo AHB, Andreazzi MA, Seneda MM, Morotti F. Evaluation of hCG as gonadotropic support to timed embryo transfer protocol in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2023; 195:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
4
|
Moraes FLZD, Bonato DV, Souza ACC, Morotti F, Seneda MM. Conception rate according to antral follicle count and oestrus expression in Nelore cows submitted to timed artificial insemination. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an22074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Morotti F, Miguez-Gonzalez S, Cerezetti MB, Seneda MM. Evaluation of three classification methods of antral follicle count and fertility to the timed artificial insemination in cattle. Anim Reprod 2022; 19:e20210121. [PMID: 35493784 PMCID: PMC9037601 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
6
|
Bonato DV, Ferreira EB, Gomes DN, Bonato FGC, Droher RG, Morotti F, Seneda MM. Follicular dynamics, luteal characteristics, and progesterone concentrations in synchronized lactating Holstein cows with high and low antral follicle counts. Theriogenology 2021; 179:223-229. [PMID: 34896744 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We performed two experiments in high milk-producing Holstein cows. First, we evaluated the repeatability of the antral follicle count (AFC) - where all follicles were ≥2 mm in diameter - during the days of the ovulation synchronization protocol for timed artificial insemination (TAI) in dairy cows (n = 20). In the second study we investigated the follicular dynamics and Doppler ultrasonography in cows with low (≤15 follicles, n = 9) and high (≥25 follicles, n = 9) AFC, and measured progesterone (P4) concentrations during CL evaluation. In addition, the diameter of the preovulatory follicle, area of blood flow of the preovulatory follicle, CL area, and CL blood flow were compared between groups with high and low AFC. Ultrasound examinations were performed during the days of the protocol and 10 days after ovulation to assess the CL. The constancy of the AFC was analyzed by calculating the repeatability. Parametric variables were analyzed using the t-test, and nonparametric variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test (P ≤ 0.05). The repeatability of the AFC on different days of the protocol was 0.98. Cows with low AFC showed a greater diameter of the preovulatory follicle (16 ± 0.3 vs. 15 ± 0.4 mm), blood flow area of the preovulatory follicle (17.3 ± 2.3 vs. 8.1 ± 3.2 mm2), CL area (579.1 ± 16.9 vs. 405.8 ± 21.2 mm2), area of CL perfusion (97.1 ± 9.4 vs. 68.3 ± 5.2 mm2), as well as higher P4 levels (3.1 ± 0.2 vs. 2.2 ± 0.2 ng/mL). In high milk-producing Holstein cows, the AFC has high repeatability on different days of the TAI protocol, and cows with a low AFC show larger preovulatory follicles and CLs with greater perfusion, in addition to greater P4 concentrations in comparison to those cows with a high AFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D V Bonato
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Londrina, PR, Brazil; UNIPAR Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, 87502-210, Brazil
| | - E B Ferreira
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Recanto das Paineiras-Arapoti-PR, Brazil
| | - D N Gomes
- Recanto das Paineiras-Arapoti-PR, Brazil
| | - F G C Bonato
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - R G Droher
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - F Morotti
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - M M Seneda
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Londrina, PR, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT-LEITE), Londrina, PR, 8057-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rosa CO, Costa CB, de Lima CB, da Silva CB, Zangirolamo AF, Ferreira CR, Seneda MM. Lipid profile of in vitro embryos produced from Bos indicus cows with low and high antral follicle counts. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
de Lima MA, Morotti F, Bayeux BM, de Rezende RG, Botigelli RC, De Bem THC, Fontes PK, Nogueira MFG, Meirelles FV, Baruselli PS, da Silveira JC, Perecin F, Seneda MM. Ovarian follicular dynamics, progesterone concentrations, pregnancy rates and transcriptional patterns in Bos indicus females with a high or low antral follicle count. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19557. [PMID: 33177637 PMCID: PMC7658257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of the antral follicle count (AFC) on ovarian follicular dynamics, pregnancy rates, progesterone concentrations, and transcriptional patterns of genes in Nelore cattle (Bos taurus indicus) after a timed artificial insemination (TAI) programme. Cows were separated based on the AFC, and those with a high AFC showed a larger (P < 0.0001) ovarian diameter and area than those with a very low AFC. Females with a very low AFC exhibited a larger (P < 0.01) diameter of the dominant follicle at TAI (13.6 ± 0.3 vs. 12.2 ± 0.4 mm) and a tendency (P = 0.06) to have different serum progesterone concentrations (2.9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.1 ± 0.3 ng/mL; on day 18, considering day 0 as the beginning of the synchronization protocol) than those with a high AFC. The pregnancy rate was higher (P ≤ 0.05) in animals with a very low (57.9%) and low (53.1%) AFC than in those with a high AFC (45.2%). The expression of genes related to intercellular communication, meiotic control, epigenetic modulation, cell division, follicular growth, cell maintenance, steroidogenesis and cellular stress response was assessed on day 5. In females with a low AFC, 8 and 21 genes in oocytes and cumulus cells, respectively, were upregulated (P < 0.05), while 3 and 6 genes in oocytes and cumulus cells, respectively, were downregulated. The results described here will help elucidate the differences in ovarian physiology and the reproductive success of Bos indicus females with a low or high AFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Morotti
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, UEL, Cx. Postal: 10.011, Londrina, PR, Cep: 86057-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Felipe Perecin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Marcondes Seneda
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Prata AB, Madureira G, Robl AJ, Ribeiro HS, Sagae M, Elias MCV, Pimenta C, Barrios J, Hartmman D, Schneider AA, Sandoval GAF, Wiltbank MC, Sartori R. Progesterone-based timed AI protocols for Bos indicus cattle III: Comparison of protocol lengths. Theriogenology 2020; 152:29-35. [PMID: 32361304 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to validate a 7 d progesterone (P4)-based fixed-time AI (FTAI) protocol for Bos indicus cattle by comparing to 8 and 9 d-type protocols. The first study compared 7 vs. 8 d protocols in Nelore heifers (Exp. 1.1; n = 742) and cows (Exp. 1.2; n = 2488), and the second study compared 7 vs. 9 d protocols in cows (Exp. 2; n = 1343). On experimental Day -10 and Day -11 the 8 and 9 d groups received an intravaginal P4 implant, 2.0 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and 0.5 mg cloprostenol sodium (PGF). On Day -9 the 7 d group received the same treatments (P4, EB, and PGF). Then, on Day -2 all groups had the P4 implants removed, and PGF, 0.6 mg estradiol cypionate, and 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was administered. Fixed-time AI was performed 48 h later (Day 0) and 8.4 mg buserelin acetate (GnRH) was administered to 7d-G, 8d-G and 9d-G groups, whereas 7d-0, 8d-0 and 9d-0 groups did not receive GnRH at AI. Estrus was detected using tail-chalk between Day -2 and Day 0. Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was evaluated by ultrasound 30 d after AI. Effects were considered significant when P ≤ 0.05, whereas a tendency was designated when P ≤ 0.10 and P > 0.05. In heifers (Exp. 1.1), incidence of estrus was similar regardless of protocol length (7 or 8 d). There was no independent treatment effect on P/AI or interaction between protocol length and GnRH at AI for P/AI (7d-0: 46.9, 7d-G: 51.4, 8d-0: 47.7, and 8d-G: 43.6%). Heifers in estrus had greater P/AI, and GnRH had no additional effect. More cows (Exp. 1.2) from the 8 d protocol were in estrus than cows submitted to the 7 d protocol. Additionally, despite no interaction between protocol length and GnRH on P/AI (7d-0: 55.9, 7d-G: 60.9, 8d-0: 56.2, and 8d-G: 60.8%), GnRH at AI increased P/AI. There was no interaction between estrus and GnRH, but cows displaying estrus had greater P/AI. Cows not expressing estrus tended (P = 0.06) to have greater P/AI when receiving GnRH. In Exp. 2, more 9 d cows were in estrus than 7 d cows. Protocol length did not affect P/AI but tended (P = 0.08) to interact with GnRH (7d-G had greater P/AI [57.9%] than 7d-0 [47.6%], but 9d-0 [54.6%] and 9d-G [55.4%] were not different from other groups). Moreover, GnRH increased P/AI only for the 7 d protocol. No interaction between estrus and GnRH was detected but estrus improved P/AI, and GnRH tended (P = 0.09) to improve P/AI of cows in estrus. In conclusion, despite longer protocols being more conducive to expression of estrus, there were no detectable effects of protocol length on P/AI. In addition, GnRH at FTAI may improve fertility in cows, particularly when cows are treated with shorter protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre B Prata
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; GlobalGen Vet Science, Av. Ítalo Poli, 40, Jaboticabal, SP, 14887-360, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Madureira
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Adelino J Robl
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - Heuller S Ribeiro
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - Milton Sagae
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - Manoel C V Elias
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - César Pimenta
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - Jhonny Barrios
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - Diego Hartmman
- Agropecuária Roncador, Av. Rio Grande do Sul, 387, Querência, MT, 78643-000, Brazil
| | - Althuir A Schneider
- GlobalGen Vet Science, Av. Ítalo Poli, 40, Jaboticabal, SP, 14887-360, Brazil
| | | | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pfeifer LFM, Moreira EM, da Silva GM, de Souza VL, Nunes VRR, Andrade JDS, Neves PMA, Ferreira R. Effect of estradiol cypionate on estrus expression and pregnancy in timed artificially inseminated beef cows. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
de Moraes FLZ, Morotti F, Costa CB, Lunardelli PA, Seneda MM. Relationships between antral follicle count, body condition, and pregnancy rates after timed-AI in Bos indicus cattle. Theriogenology 2019; 136:10-14. [PMID: 31234052 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was performed to evaluate the association between the antral follicle count (AFC) plus body condition score (BCS) and the pregnancy rate in Bos indicus undergoing timed artificial insemination (TAI). A total of 736 Nelore cows with BCSs ranging from 2 to 4 received a conventional protocol for TAI. On a random day of the estrous cycle (Day 0), all cows received an intravaginal P4 device and an intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 2.0 mg estradiol benzoate. On Day 8, the P4 device was removed, and 150 μg sodium D-cloprostenol, 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin and 1.0 mg estradiol cypionate were administered by i.m. injection. TAI was performed 48 h after P4 device removal, and pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography after 30 days. On Day 0, all cows were examined by ultrasonography to determine the AFC by counting the number of follicles >3 mm in diameter that were present in both ovaries and to evaluate the BCS (scale of 1-5). The cows were then classified based on their AFCs as those with low (≤10 follicles), intermediate (11-29 follicles) and high AFC (≥30 follicles). Furthermore, cows were classified as having low (≥2.0 to ≤ 2.9) and high (≥3.0 to ≤ 4.0) BCSs. The AFCs and BCSs were analyzed using the generalized linear model, and the pregnancy rate was assessed with the binary logistic regression model (P ≤ 0.05). The pregnancy rate was influenced (P < 0.05) by AFC and BCS classification and by interactions (P = 0.034) between these factors. Cows with a low AFC exhibited higher a pregnancy rate than did cows with a high or an intermediate AFC (57.7% a, 47.9% b and 49.7% b, P = 0.008). Low BCS resulted in a higher pregnancy rate than did high BCS (55.2% vs. 50.4%, P = 0.008). Cows with a high BCS and a low AFC had a higher pregnancy rate (P < 0.05) than did those with a high BCS and an intermediate or a high AFC (59.8%a, 48.0%b, and 38.0%b, respectively). An interaction (P < 0.05) was observed between the AFC and BCS, and the pregnancy rate decreased significantly in cows with an AFC > 30 and a BCS between 3 and 4. In conclusion, AFC and BCS classifications influence the pregnancy rate of Bos indicus beef cattle subjected to TAI. In addition, an important interaction between these factors was observed, namely, the lowest pregnancy rates were found in cows with high BCSs and high AFCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Morotti
- University of Londrina (UEL), Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Timed artificial insemination plus heat II: gonadorelin injection in cows with low estrus expression scores increased pregnancy in progesterone/estradiol-based protocol. Animal 2019; 13:2313-2318. [PMID: 30915942 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of tail chalk and estrus/heat expression scores (HEATSC) evaluation is instrumental in identifying cows with greater estrus expression and greater artificial insemination pregnancy rates (P/AI) in cows submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI), and cows with low or no estrus expression present lower P/AI. It was intended in this study to improve the pregnancy rates in TAI for Bos indicus beef cows, and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection was hypothesized to increase pregnancy rates in a TAI program for cows submitted to progesterone-estradiol-based protocols with low or no estrus expression, evaluated by HEATSC. Cows (n= 2284) received a progesterone device and 2 mg estradiol benzoate, after 8 days the device was removed and 1 mg estradiol cypionate, 150 μg of d-cloprostenol and 300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin was administered. All cows were marked with chalk and HEATSC evaluated (scales 1 to 3) at TAI performed on day 10. Animals with HEATSC1 and HEATSC2 (n= 937) received 100 μg de gonadorelin (GNRH group; n= 470), or 1 ml saline (Control group; n= 467), and cows with HEATSC3 (named HEAT group; n= 1347) received no additional treatment. The larger dominant follicle, evaluated on day 8and at TAI (day 10), was greater in HEAT group (P= 0.0145 and P <0.001, respectively). Corpus luteum (CL) area and progesterone concentration was evaluated on day 17, and CL area was larger in HEAT group, intermediary in Control and lower in GnRH group (Control= 2.68 cm2, GnRH= 2.37 cm2, HEAT group= 3.07 cm2, P <0.001). Greater progesterone concentrations were found in HEAT group than in Control and GnRH groups (Control= 4.74 ng/ml, GnRH= 4.29 ng/ml, HEAT group= 6.08 ng/ml, P<0.001). There was a difference in ovulation rate, greater in HEAT group than GnRH and Control groups (Control= 72.5%; GnRH= 81.25%; HEAT group= 90.71%; P= 0.0024). Artificial insemination pregnancy rates was greater in HEAT group (57.09% (769/1347) than in Control and GNRH groups, with positive effect of GnRH injection at the time of TAI in P/AI (Control= 36.18% (169/467), GnRH= 45.95% (216/470); P<0.0001). In conclusion, GnRH application in cows with low HEATSC (1 and 2) is a simple strategy, requiring no changes in TAI management to increase pregnancy rates in postpartum beef cows submitted to progesterone-estradiol-based TAI protocols, without reaching, however, the pregnancy rates of cows that demonstrate high estrus expression at the TAI.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pfeifer LFM, Júnior JSO, Potiens JR. Effect of sperm kinematics and size of follicle at ovulation on pregnancy rate after timed AI of beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 201:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Morrell JM, Valeanu AS, Lundeheim N, Johannisson A. Sperm quality in frozen beef and dairy bull semen. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:41. [PMID: 29973236 PMCID: PMC6031104 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is speculation that beef bull semen quality is inferior to that of dairy bulls although few scientific studies are available in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate sperm quality in beef bull semen and to determine which parameters could be indicative of fertility after insemination. Sperm quality, assessed by computer assisted sperm motility analysis and flow cytometric evaluation of membrane integrity, levels of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosome status and DNA fragmentation index, was evaluated in beef and dairy bull semen. RESULTS For beef bulls, normal morphology (r = 0.62, P < 0.05) and WOBBLE (r = 0.57, P < 0.05) were significantly correlated with 56-day non-return rate, whereas sperm quality was not significantly correlated with the fertility index score for dairy bulls. Membrane integrity (46 ± 8.0% versus 40 ± 11%, P < 0.05), normal morphology (87 ± 6% versus 76 ± 8%; P < 0.05), and high respiratory activity (52 ± 13 versus 12 ± 4%; P < 0.001) were higher for dairy bulls than for beef bulls. The DNA fragmentation index was lower for dairy bull spermatozoa than beef (3.8 ± 1.1% versus 6.1 ± 2.9%; P < 0.01), whereas some sperm kinematics were higher. Multivariate analysis indicated that type of bull (beef versus dairy) had an impact on sperm quality. CONCLUSIONS Different assays of sperm quality may be needed for appropriate analysis of beef and dairy bull semen. These finding could be important for cattle breeding stations when evaluating semen quality.
Collapse
|
15
|
Morotti F, Moretti R, dos Santos GMG, Silva-Santos KC, Ramos Cerqueira PH, Seneda MM. Ovarian follicular dynamics and conception rate in Bos indicus cows with different antral follicle counts subjected to timed artificial insemination. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 188:170-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Pfeifer L, Castro N, Neves P, Cestaro J, Schneider A. Comparison between two estradiol-progesterone based protocols for timed artificial insemination in blocks in lactating Nelore cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 181:125-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
17
|
Kasimanickam RK, Hall JB, Whittier WD. Fertility of Angus cross beef heifers after GnRH treatment on day 23 and timing of insemination in 14-day CIDR protocol. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52:122-129. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RK Kasimanickam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
| | - JB Hall
- Nancy M. Cummings Nancy M Cummins Research Extension and Education Center; University of Idaho; Carmen ID USA
| | - WD Whittier
- Department of Large Animal Clinical sciences; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Blacksburg VA USA
| |
Collapse
|