1
|
Samir H, ElSayed MI, Radwan F, Hedia M, Hendawy H, Hendawy AO, Elbadawy M, Watanabe G. An updated insight on testicular hemodynamics: Environmental, physiological, and technical perspectives in farm and companion animals. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:323-345. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In all organs, control of blood flow is important but might be particularly critical for testicular functions. This is because of the very low oxygen concentration and high metabolic rate of the seminiferous tubules, the physiological temperature of the testis, and its location outside the abdominal cavity. Many factors affect the characteristics of TBF in farm and companion animals, such as environment (thermal and seasonal effects) and physiological (species, breeds, age, body weight, and sexual maturity). Thermal environment stress has detrimental effects on spermatogenesis and consequently has more serious impacts on both human and animal fertility. Numerous studies have been performed to assess TBF in different animal species including bulls, rams, bucks, alpacas, stallions, and dogs with varied results. Hence, assessment of TBF by Doppler ultrasonography is of great importance to estimate the effect of high environment temperature on testicular functions. Also, differences observed in the TBF may result from different technical aspects such as the identification of the segment of the testicular artery to be examined. In the current review, we focused on the imperative roles of TBF in various animal species. Besides, we discussed in detail various factors that could affect TBF. These factors can significantly modify the TBF and thus should be considered when establishing reference values in farm animals for better clinical diagnosis. The information provided in this review is valuable for researchers and veterinarians to help them a better understanding of testicular hemodynamics for the proper evaluation of breeding soundness examination in males.
Collapse
|
2
|
Guerrero-Gutiérrez M, Ungerfeld R, Kako Rodriguez MG, Santiago-Moreno J, Giriboni J. Using transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the accessory sex glands for buck semen collection yields semen with greater cryoresistance than electroejaculation alone during the breeding season. Theriogenology 2021; 172:142-149. [PMID: 34174752 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The cryoresistance of bucks' semen collected by transrectal ultrasound-guided massage of the accessory sex glands (TUMASG) and electroejaculation (EE) was compared during the breeding season (Study 1) or the late non-breeding season (Study 2). Semen was collected from 10 Gabon bucks with both methods in each season and then frozen according to a standardized protocol. The time required for ejaculation, the number of electrical pulses applied, the sum of the electrical pulses applied∗voltage and the total number of vocalizations emitted during the collection by each animal were recorded. In Study 1, TUMASG required a longer time (P = 0.0006) but fewer electrical pulses and a lower sum of pulses∗voltage than EE (P < 0.0001 for both comparisons). Bucks vocalized fewer times during TUMASG than during EE (P < 0001). Semen collected with TUMASG had greater sperm concentration, sperm mass motility, total number of motile sperm and of sperm with progressive motility, and tended to have greater total number of sperm with functional membrane than semen collected with EE (P = 0.02; P = 0.003; P = 0.02; P = 0.02; P = 0.06, respectively). After the freezing-thawing process, sperm collected with TUMASG had a greater quality of the motility, a total number of motile sperm and sperm with progressive motility, a greater percentage of motile sperm and sperm with functional membrane, and tended to have a greater total number of sperm with normal morphology than semen collected with EE (P = 0.04; P = 0.04; P = 0.03; P = 0.02; P = 0.04; P = 0.06, respectively). In Study 1 sperm collected with TUMASG had greater cryoresistance for almost all the variables considered than when it was collected with EE. In Study 2, the number of electrical pulses and the sum of pulses∗voltage were greater with EE than with TUMASG (P < 0001; P = 0.0002, respectively). There were no differences in any sperm variable in fresh or thawed samples collected with TUMASG or EE. However, the other seminal characteristics evaluated did not differ according to the method, and there were no differences in the cryoresistance of any variable. Overall, TUMASG affected animal welfare less than EE and was suitable for collecting semen of good quality with high cryoresistance during the breeding season in buck.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Guerrero-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rodolfo Ungerfeld
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | | | - Julián Santiago-Moreno
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Giriboni
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Samir H, Radwan F, Watanabe G. Advances in applications of color Doppler ultrasonography in the andrological assessment of domestic animals: A review. Theriogenology 2020; 161:252-261. [PMID: 33341504 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to human cases, potential applications of Doppler imaging technology in farm animals' practice are still limited and are mostly concerned with females. Testicular blood perfusion (TBP) is the pathway through which all nutrients, oxygen, and regulatory agents pass through to the testis. TBP is crucial to the testis function because of the high metabolic rate and very low concentration of oxygen in the seminiferous tubules, which constitute about 70%-80% of the testicular mass. Color Doppler ultrasonography is one of the recent non-invasive technologies, which plays a vital role in the assessment of blood flow to the testis in various animal species. In the past 20 years, a significant number of studies have highlighted the importance of assessments of TBP using color Doppler ultrasonography to illustrate its potential uses for breeding soundness examination, diagnosis, and monitoring of infertility problems in farm animals. This review was aimed at providing, for the first time, updated knowledge on the potential clinical uses of color Doppler ultrasonography for the assessment of TBP in domestic animals. Additionally, a few essential details on the relationship between TBP and male fertility are discussed in this review. Furthermore, a number of caveats relating to the use of color Doppler ultrasonography are discussed, which collectively appear to constrain its routine, on-farm application for breeding soundness assessments, at least at the present. The new perspectives related to animal reproduction that researchers claim to do in further investigations are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt; Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Faten Radwan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Veterinarian Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, 13736, Egypt
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodrigues NN, Rossi GF, Vrisman DP, Taira AR, Souza LL, Zorzetto MF, Bastos NM, de Paz CCP, de Lima VFMH, Monteiro FM, Franco Oliveira ME. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the testes, epididymis and accessory sex glands and arterial spectral indices in peri- and post-pubertal Nelore and Caracu bulls. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 212:106235. [PMID: 31864487 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonography can provide information about the integrity of organs; however, rarely is applied to the reproductive organ evaluation of bulls. The objective of the present study was to characterize and compare values for variables and ultrasonographic characteristics of the testes, epididymis and accessory sex glands, as well as spectral Doppler indices of the testicular and internal iliac arteries, between peri- and post-pubertal Nelore and Caracu bulls. Nelore (n = 203) and Caracu (n = 79) bulls were assigned by age class: peri-pubertal (12-15 months) and post-pubertal (> 22 months). Data were analyzed using SAS's PROC MIXED procedure (P < 0.05). The biometric variables of the testes and cauda epididymis differed between peri- and post-pubertal Nelore and Caracu bulls. There was a difference between breeds for the vesicular glands, ampulla of vas deferens, disseminate portion of the prostate, and craniocaudal dimension of the bulbourethral glands. Echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma differed between breeds and age classes. The pulsatility and resistive indices of the testicular arteries differed between Nelore and Caracu bulls. The biometric and ultrasonographic characteristics of the testes, epididymis and accessory sex glands, as well as of the arterial indices in bulls are affected by genetic group and age class, and when assessed there is useful information regarding the progression of sexual maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Nantes Rodrigues
- Faculdade De Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via De Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Fazan Rossi
- Faculdade De Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via De Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Dayane Priscila Vrisman
- Faculdade De Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via De Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto Ryonosuke Taira
- Faculdade De Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via De Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana Lelis Souza
- Centro APTA Bovinos De Corte, Instituto De Zootecnia, Rodovia Carlos Tonani, Km 94, Cep 14160-900, Sertãozinho, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Furtado Zorzetto
- Centro APTA Bovinos De Corte, Instituto De Zootecnia, Rodovia Carlos Tonani, Km 94, Cep 14160-900, Sertãozinho, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Marins Bastos
- Faculdade De Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via De Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Cristina Paro de Paz
- Centro APTA Bovinos De Corte, Instituto De Zootecnia, Rodovia Carlos Tonani, Km 94, Cep 14160-900, Sertãozinho, SP, Brazil
| | - Vera Fernanda Martins Hossepian de Lima
- Faculdade De Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via De Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Morato Monteiro
- Centro APTA Bovinos De Corte, Instituto De Zootecnia, Rodovia Carlos Tonani, Km 94, Cep 14160-900, Sertãozinho, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira
- Faculdade De Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via De Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Camela ESC, Nociti RP, Santos VJC, Macente BI, Murawski M, Vicente WRR, Bartlewski PM, Oliveira MEF. Changes in testicular size, echotexture, and arterial blood flow associated with the attainment of puberty in Dorper rams raised in a subtropical climate. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 54:131-137. [PMID: 29989218 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity of information on the relationships of testicular morphology, echotextural attributes, and blood flow dynamics with pubertal development of rams raised in a subtropical climate. Forty-five Dorper rams (24 rams aged 8-11 months and 21 rams aged 12-24 months) were examined using a portable ultrasound scanner connected to a 7.5-MHz transducer. Computer-assisted analyses of testicular ultrasonograms utilized commercially available Image ProPlus® analytical software. Spectral Doppler scans of testicular arteries were performed immediately after scrotal (B-mode) ultrasonography to determine peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI = [PSV-EDV]/PSV), and pulsatility index (PI = [SPV-EDV]/mean velocity) of the blood vessels. The length of the testes (9.7 ± 0.3 compared with 9.0 ± 0.2 cm) and scrotal circumference (33.3 ± 0.5 compared with 31.8 ± 0.4 cm) were greater (p < 0.05) but testicular depth (4.5 ± 0.1 compared with 4.9 ± 0.08 cm) was less (p < 0.05) in sexually mature compared with peripubertal rams. [Corrections added on 9 Jan 2019 after initial online publication: The testicular size values in the sentence were corrected.] There were no differences (p > 0.05) between the two age groups of Dorper rams in blood flow indices of testicular arteries. Mean numerical pixel values (100.5 ± 4.1 compared with 89.2 ± 4.8) and pixel heterogeneity (25.6 ± 0.6 compared with 23.6 ± 0.5) of testicular parenchyma were greater (p < 0.05) in peripubertal than in postpubertal rams. Semen volume was negatively correlated with PI of testicular arteries (r = -0.57, p = 0.04). In summary, the attainment of sexual maturity in the rams of the present study was associated with significant changes in testicular length and depth, scrotal circumference, and parenchymal echogenicity/hetrogeneity but not in testicular volume and blood perfusion rates. Testicular artery PI can be used to predict the volume of ejaculate in rams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efigénia S C Camela
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Nociti
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor J C Santos
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatrice I Macente
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maciej Murawski
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Cracow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wilter R R Vicente
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pawel M Bartlewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Emilia F Oliveira
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|