1
|
Yazawa T, Imamichi Y, Sato T, Ida T, Umezawa A, Kitano T. Diversity of Androgens; Comparison of Their Significance and Characteristics in Vertebrate Species. Zoolog Sci 2024; 41:77-86. [PMID: 38587520 DOI: 10.2108/zs230064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Androgen(s) is one of the sex steroids that are involved in many physiological phenomena of vertebrate species. Although androgens were originally identified as male sex hormones, it is well known now that they are also essential in females. As in the case of other steroid hormones, androgen is produced from cholesterol through serial enzymatic reactions. Although testis is a major tissue to produce androgens in all species, androgens are also produced in ovary and adrenal (interrenal tissue). Testosterone is the most common and famous androgen. It represents a major androgen both in males and females of almost vertebrate species. In addition, testosterone is a precursor for producing significant androgens such as11-ketotestosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 11-ketodihydrotestosterones and 15α-hydroxytestosterone in a species- or sex-dependent manner for their homeostasis. In this article, we will review the significance and characteristics of these androgens, following a description of the history of testosterone discovery and its synthetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan,
| | - Yoshitaka Imamichi
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 917-0003, Japan,
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Kurume University, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takanori Ida
- Center for Animal Disease Control, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Othman R, Ron XJ, Yao H, O'Bryant P, Rapp D, Pei JC, Wu HJ, Wang HP. The effect of methyltestosterone (MT) on sex differentiation and growth in juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:161-171. [PMID: 35039993 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the gonad differentiation of juvenile yellow perch (YP, Perca flavencens) and determine the latest labile period related to hormone treatment. Juvenile fish were subjected to two dietary concentrations of methyltestosterone (MT; 20 and 50 mg/kg feed) for 60 days in three (3) age groups of 38-, 46-, and 67-days post-hatching (dph), where control group were fed with standard commercial feed. Following a 10-month on-growing period, sex phenotypes were determined by gross and histological gonad morphology. Results showed the juvenile YP responded to the exogenous hormone when it was applied at 38 dph for both 20 and 50 mg/kg feed resulting in 100% males. At 46 dph, only 50 mg/kg feed resulted in 100% males. Both MT-treated at 38 and 46 dph significantly differed (P < 0.01) from the expected normal population of male:female (1:1). MT-treated at 67 dph resulted in 37% and 25% intersex fish for both 20 and 50 mg/kg feed dosage groups, respectively. MT-treated at 38 and 46 dph promoted growth and showed significantly heavier mean body weight (P < 0.05) compared to control. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of MT-treated at 38 and 46 dph was significantly lower than that in control. This study provides the first evidence that juvenile YP can be successfully masculinized when the treatment is initiated at the age of up to 46 dph. The result is important for sex control in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Othman
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, 1864 Shyville Road, OH, 45661, Piketon, USA
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, UMS, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Xiao-Jun Ron
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, 1864 Shyville Road, OH, 45661, Piketon, USA
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Aquaculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yao
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, 1864 Shyville Road, OH, 45661, Piketon, USA
| | - Paul O'Bryant
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, 1864 Shyville Road, OH, 45661, Piketon, USA
| | - Dean Rapp
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, 1864 Shyville Road, OH, 45661, Piketon, USA
| | - Jing-Chen Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Juan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Han-Ping Wang
- Ohio Center for Aquaculture Research and Development, The Ohio State University South Centers, 1864 Shyville Road, OH, 45661, Piketon, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baer J, DeWeber JT, Rösch R, Brinker A. Aquaculture of Coregonid Species — Quo vadis? ANN ZOOL FENN 2021. [DOI: 10.5735/086.058.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Baer
- Fisheries Research Station Baden-Württemberg (LAZBW), Argenweg 50/1, D-88085 Langenargen, Germany
| | - J. Tyrell DeWeber
- Fisheries Research Station Baden-Württemberg (LAZBW), Argenweg 50/1, D-88085 Langenargen, Germany
| | - Roland Rösch
- Fisheries Research Station Baden-Württemberg (LAZBW), Argenweg 50/1, D-88085 Langenargen, Germany
| | - Alexander Brinker
- Fisheries Research Station Baden-Württemberg (LAZBW), Argenweg 50/1, D-88085 Langenargen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|