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Liu Z, Jiang A, Lv X, Fan D, Chen Q, Wu Y, Zhou C, Tan Z. Combined Metabolomics and Biochemical Analyses of Serum and Milk Revealed Parity-Related Metabolic Differences in Sanhe Dairy Cattle. Metabolites 2024; 14:227. [PMID: 38668355 PMCID: PMC11052102 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The production performance of dairy cattle is closely related to their metabolic state. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the production performance and metabolic features of Sanhe dairy cattle across different parities, with a specific focus on evaluating variations in milk traits and metabolites in both milk and serum. Sanhe dairy cattle from parities 1 to 4 (S1, n = 10; S2, n = 9; S3, n = 10; and S4, n = 10) at mid-lactation were maintained under the same feeding and management conditions. The milk traits, hydrolyzed milk amino acid levels, serum biochemical parameters, and serum free amino acid levels of the Sanhe dairy cattle were determined. Multiparous Sanhe dairy cattle (S2, S3, and S4) had a greater milk protein content, lower milk lactose content, and lower solids-not-fat content than primiparous Sanhe dairy cattle (S1). Moreover, S1 had a higher ratio of essential to total amino acids (EAAs/TAAs) in both the serum and milk. The serum biochemical results showed the lower glucose and total protein levels in S1 cattle were associated with milk quality. Furthermore, ultra-high-resolution high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem MS analysis (UPLC-MS/MS) identified 86 and 105 differential metabolites in the serum and milk, respectively, and these were mainly involved in amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. S1 and S2/S3/S4 had significantly different metabolic patterns in the serum and milk, and more vitamin B-related metabolites were significantly higher identified in S1 than in multiparous cattle. Among 36 shared differential metabolites in the serum and milk, 10 and 7 metabolites were significantly and strongly correlated with differential physiological indices, respectively. The differential metabolites identified were enriched in key metabolic pathways, illustrating the metabolic characteristics of the serum and milk from Sanhe dairy cattle of different parities. L-phenylalanine, dehydroepiandrosterone, and linoleic acid in the milk and N-acetylornithine in the serum could be used as potential marker metabolites to distinguish between Sanhe dairy cattle with parities of 1-4. In addition, a metabolic map of the serum and milk from the three aspects of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids was created for the further analysis and exploration of their relationships. These results reveal significant variations in milk traits and metabolites across different parities of Sanhe dairy cattle, highlighting the influence of parity on the metabolic profiles and production performance. Tailored nutritional strategies based on parity-specific metabolic profiles are recommended to optimize milk production and quality in Sanhe cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aoyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaokang Lv
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China
| | - Dingkun Fan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (Z.L.); (A.J.); (X.L.); (D.F.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (Z.T.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Cheng Z, Ferris C, Crowe MA, Ingvartsen KL, Grelet C, Vanlierde A, Foldager L, Becker F, Wathes DC. Hepatic Global Transcriptomic Profiles of Holstein Cows According to Parity Reveal Age-Related Changes in Early Lactation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9906. [PMID: 37373054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cows can live for over 20 years, but their productive lifespan averages only around 3 years after first calving. Liver dysfunction can reduce lifespan by increasing the risk of metabolic and infectious disease. This study investigated the changes in hepatic global transcriptomic profiles in early lactation Holstein cows in different lactations. Cows from five herds were grouped as primiparous (lactation number 1, PP, 534.7 ± 6.9 kg, n = 41), or multiparous with lactation numbers 2-3 (MP2-3, 634.5 ± 7.5 kg, n = 87) or 4-7 (MP4-7, 686.6 ± 11.4 kg, n = 40). Liver biopsies were collected at around 14 days after calving for RNA sequencing. Blood metabolites and milk yields were measured, and energy balance was calculated. There were extensive differences in hepatic gene expression between MP and PP cows, with 568 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between MP2-3 and PP cows, and 719 DEGs between MP4-7 and PP cows, with downregulated DEGs predominating in MP cows. The differences between the two age groups of MP cows were moderate (82 DEGs). The gene expression differences suggested that MP cows had reduced immune functions compared with the PP cows. MP cows had increased gluconeogenesis but also evidence of impaired liver functionality. The MP cows had dysregulated protein synthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism, and impaired genome and RNA stability and nutrient transport (22 differentially expressed solute carrier transporters). The genes associated with cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and the production of antimicrobial peptides were upregulated. More surprisingly, evidence of hepatic inflammation leading to fibrosis was present in the primiparous cows as they started their first lactation. This study has therefore shown that the ageing process in the livers of dairy cows is accelerated by successive lactations and increasing milk yields. This was associated with evidence of metabolic and immune disorders together with hepatic dysfunction. These problems are likely to increase involuntary culling, thus reducing the average longevity in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangrui Cheng
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Conrad Ferris
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Upper Malone Road, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - Mark A Crowe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Klaus L Ingvartsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Clément Grelet
- Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Amélie Vanlierde
- Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Leslie Foldager
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank Becker
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - D Claire Wathes
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
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Singh R, Singh V, Beigh SA. Effect of parity on non-esterified fatty acid, oxidant/antioxidant status, and zinc and copper levels around periparturient period in Beetal goats of Himalayan Region. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:418-427. [PMID: 35616055 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of parity and physiological status on non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), oxidative stress, and zinc and copper levels among the Beetal breed of goat. Thirty dual-purpose Beetal goats reared under the semi-intensive system were selected and based on parity were divided into three groups with 10 animals each viz. Early parity (EP; ≤2 parity), mid parity (MP; 3-6 parity), and late parity (LP; ≥7 parity). Blood samples were collected 3 weeks and 1 week pre-kidding followed by 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-kidding for the estimation of NEFA, oxidant (malondialdehyde [MDA], antioxidant (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione [GSH], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], and glutathione S-transferase [GST]), and zinc and copper levels. Significant (p < 0.01) increase was observed in NEFA and MDA levels as the goats approached kidding and continued till 2 weeks post-kidding in MP and LP and 1 week post-kidding in EP goats. Significant decrease in SOD (p < 0.05), CAT (p < 0.05), GSH-Px (p < 0.01), GSH (p < 0.01), and GST (p < 0.05) activities were observed as goats approached kidding and continued to decrease up to 2 weeks post-kidding. Zinc and copper levels showed a significant decline from 3 weeks pre-kidding to 2 weeks post-kidding in MP and LP and 1 week post-kidding in EP goats. A significant effect of parity was observed on MDA (p < 0.05), GSH (p < 0.05), and GSH-Px (p < 0.05) activities only; however, parity × sampling time interaction was observed in all the parameters. Findings highlight a different metabolic, trace mineral (zinc and copper), and oxidative response around the periparturient period in Beetal goats, with the EP goats, responding first to increased metabolic and oxidative stress and also first to recover from oxidant/antioxidant imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Singh
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R.S. Pura, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Virampal Singh
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R.S. Pura, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shafayat A Beigh
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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SAKAGUCHI M, KUSAKA H, YAMAZAKI T. Seasonality in resumption of ovarian activity and reproductive performance of postpartum Holstein cows. J Reprod Dev 2023; 69:25-31. [PMID: 36464280 PMCID: PMC9939281 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2022-098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that domestication has turned cattle from seasonal breeders to annual breeders. This study examined the seasonal differences in early postpartum ovulation and subsequent reproductive performance in 542 Holstein cows. Cows displaying corpora lutea in the ovary at 26 days postpartum were defined as early ovulators. Factors affecting the occurrence of early ovulation were analyzed, and subsequent reproductive traits were compared between cows with and without early ovulation. During the summer season, 70.6% of calving cows showed early ovulation, whereas 48.7, 39.2, and 47.2% presented this condition in autumn, winter, and spring, respectively (P < 0.01). Third parity cows showed early ovulation more often than their first parity counterparts (P < 0.05). Cows with a 2.50 to 3.00 or > 3.00 body condition score (BCS) more frequently became early ovulators than those with BCSs < 2.50 (P < 0.01). Calving year was a risk factor, and uterine abnormalities were also often risk factors for early ovulation. The survival analysis showed that seasonal differences in the occurrence of early ovulation did not completely affect the time to first service and pregnancy. Proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that calving year, parity, and early ovulation were risk factors for the time to first service and that calving year was a risk factor for the time to pregnancy. In conclusion, domesticated dairy cows maintain seasonality in postpartum ovarian activity but not in subsequent fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru SAKAGUCHI
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, School of Veterinary Medicine, KITASATO University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hiromi KUSAKA
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, School of Veterinary Medicine, KITASATO University, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Takeshi YAMAZAKI
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan
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Morales-Piñeyrúa JT, Damián JP, Banchero G, Blache D, Sant'Anna AC. Metabolic profile and productivity of dairy Holstein cows milked by a pasture-based automatic milking system during early lactation: Effects of cow temperament and parity. Res Vet Sci 2022; 147:50-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mečionytė I, Palubinskas G, Anskienė L, Antanaitis R, Yilmaz A, Tapio I, Žilaitis V. The Association between Blood Β-Hydroxybutyric Acid Concentration in the Second Week of Lactation and Reproduction Performance of Lithuanian Black and White Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:481. [PMID: 35203189 PMCID: PMC8868438 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperketonemia is a very common metabolic state in dairy cows, which result in lower milk production, impaired fertility, and increased frequency of other diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of season, parity, and milk yield of cows on beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration in the second week of lactation (WK 2) and establish the relationship between BHB concentration in WK 2 and reproduction performance traits such as insemination rate and first insemination day of Lithuanian Black and White dairy cows. The study included clinically healthy Lithuanian Black and White cows (n = 692). Blood BHB concentration was measured using capillary blood samples collected after morning milking when cows were 7-10 DIM. The impact of WK 2 blood BHB concentration on the insemination rate and first insemination day were investigated. The effect of BHB was evaluated according to the season, parity, and milk yield per lactation (305 DIM). Significant differences were observed in BHB concentration in WK 2 due to season and parity, but no statistically significant differences were observed for milk yields (305 d). Increased blood BHB concentration in WK 2 negatively affected insemination rate (p < 0.001) and first insemination day (p < 0.001). The study findings indicate that BHB concentration in WK 2 depends on season and parity, while the milk yield is not associated with BHB concentration. High BHB concentration in WK 2 increases insemination rate and delays the first insemination day for high milk-yielding Lithuanian Black and White dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrė Mečionytė
- Department of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Giedrius Palubinskas
- Department of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Lina Anskienė
- Department of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (G.P.); (L.A.)
| | - Ramūnas Antanaitis
- Large Animals Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.A.); (V.Ž.)
| | - Ayhan Yilmaz
- Department of Animal Science, Agriculture Faculty, Siirt University, 56100 Siirt, Turkey;
| | - Ilma Tapio
- Genomics and Breeding, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland;
| | - Vytuolis Žilaitis
- Large Animals Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.A.); (V.Ž.)
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Druker SA, Sicsic R, van Straten M, Goshen T, Kedmi M, Raz T. Cytological endometritis diagnosis in primiparous versus multiparous dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:665-683. [PMID: 34763918 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-20064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endometritis is a uterine disease of dairy cows causing substantial negative effects on reproductive performance and inflicting considerable economic losses. It is typically diagnosed by endometrial cytology evaluation and commonly named cytological endometritis (CEM). In most previous studies, cows were defined as CEM positive if the proportion of polymorphonuclear cells (%PMN) in their endometrial cytology was above a pre-set threshold. Thresholds were established based on CEM diagnosis in association with reproductive performance, typically analyzed by a single reproductive parameter and calculated for all cows together. Our objective was to examine whether primiparous and multiparous cows should optimally be diagnosed for CEM by different %PMN thresholds and sampling timings, using a combination of several reproductive performance parameters. Two endometrial cytobrush cytology samples were collected from Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (n = 415; 269 multiparous; 146 primiparous), at 30-40 d in milk (DIM) and 60-70 DIM, and %PMN were evaluated microscopically (blindly; Diff-Quick stain, Medi-Market). The %PMN thresholds were set at ≥1% to ≥10%, ≥15%, and ≥20%, and accordingly, for each of the thresholds, several reproductive performance parameters were compared between CEM-positive versus CEM-negative cows. Upon application of several analytic approaches, our results indicated that optimal CEM diagnosis should be performed by different criteria in primiparous and multiparous cows: in primiparous cows at 30-40 DIM, using a threshold of ≥7%PMN, and in multiparous cows at 60-70 DIM, using a threshold of ≥4%PMN. Such a diagnostic approach provides a comprehensive view of the reproductive prognosis of CEM-positive primiparous and multiparous cows, which is pertinent information for researchers, veterinarians, and farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaked A Druker
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Hachaklait, Mutual Society for Veterinary Services, Caesarea Industrial Park 3079548, Israel
| | - Ron Sicsic
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michael van Straten
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Hachaklait, Mutual Society for Veterinary Services, Caesarea Industrial Park 3079548, Israel
| | - Tamir Goshen
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Hachaklait, Mutual Society for Veterinary Services, Caesarea Industrial Park 3079548, Israel
| | - Maor Kedmi
- Hachaklait, Mutual Society for Veterinary Services, Caesarea Industrial Park 3079548, Israel
| | - Tal Raz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Klein JL, Adams SM, De Moura AF, Alves Filho DC, Maidana FM, Brondani IL, Cocco JM, Rodrigues LDS, Pizzuti LAD, Da Silva MB. Productive performance of beef cows subjected to different nutritional levels in the third trimester of gestation. Animal 2020; 15:100089. [PMID: 33712220 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, calf production occurs in less intensive systems. The limitation of nutrients during the gestation phase of beef cows can have negative impacts on the consequent productivity of females. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of nutritional levels in the third trimester of pregnancy on the productive performance of beef cows kept in a natural pasture (NP). Eighty-three Charolais × Nelore cows were used, ranging in age from 4 to 12 years, which were divided according to their nutritional levels during the third trimester of pregnancy: NP, cows supplemented with 100% of their energy and protein requirements (SP100) and cows supplemented with 150% of their energy and protein requirements (SP150). The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and a varied number of repetitions. The SP100 and SP150 cows presented better body condition at calving (2.92 and 2.99 vs 2.81 points) and at the start of the breeding season (2.90 and 2.95 vs 2.80 points) than did NP cows. The nutritional level of the cows in the third trimester of gestation did not influence the blood metabolite concentrations. The plasma levels of albumin and total proteins were 3.11 and 8.18 g/dl, respectively. Glucose and cholesterol showed values of 74.96 and 166.50 mg/dl. The lowest concentration of blood metabolites was observed in the first postpartum weeks. The SP100 and SP150 cows showed faster follicular growth and, consequently, a higher percentage of females with ovulatory follicles at 21 days postpartum than did NP cows (45.68, 41.11, and 11.00%, respectively). The SP150 cows had a higher pregnancy rate (40.74%), total calf production (295.88 kg/cow), and consequently, offspring sale value. An increased nutritional level in the third trimester of pregnancy improves the postpartum metabolic condition and productive efficiency of beef cows kept on NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Klein
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - S M Adams
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A F De Moura
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - D C Alves Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F M Maidana
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - I L Brondani
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J M Cocco
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L D S Rodrigues
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L A D Pizzuti
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M B Da Silva
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Antanaitis R, Malašauskienė D, Televičius M, Juozaitienė V, Žilinskas H, Baumgartner W. Dynamic Changes in Progesterone Concentration in Cows' Milk Determined by the At-Line Milk Analysis System Herd Navigator TM. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185020. [PMID: 32899624 PMCID: PMC7570932 DOI: 10.3390/s20185020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary According to the literature, the at-line progesterone monitoring system Herd NavigatorTM (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) was used in combination with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). It works automatically and provides real-time physiological information about lactating dairy cows. For making farm-management decisions, it is not only a novel tool for scientific research, but also a mechanism for improving productivity, food safety, animal well-being, the environment, and the public perception of the dairy industry. It has been hypothesized that the progesterone concentration determined by the at-line milk analysis system and changes in its dynamics correlate with the parity, reproductive status, and milk yield of cows. The aim of the current study was to evaluate relative at-line milk progesterone (mP4) dynamic changes, according to the parity and status of reproduction, and to estimate the relationship with productivity in dairy cows. Frequent automated mP4 sampling can help identify characteristics of mP4 dynamic changes associated with successful pregnancies, pregnancy losses, and potential differences in mP4 dynamics among parity groups, which have not been studied previously. Abstract The aim of the current instant study was to evaluate relative at-line milk progesterone dynamic changes according to parity and status of reproduction and to estimate the relationship with productivity in dairy cows by at-line milk analysis system Herd NavigatorTM. According to the progesterone assay, experimental animals were divided into three periods: postpartum, after insemination, and pregnancy. In the first stage of the postpartum period, progesterone levels in milk were monitored every 5 days. This period of reproductive cycle recovery was followed for 30 days (days 0–29). The second stage of the postpartum period (30–65 days) lasted until cows were inseminated. In the period (0–45 days) after cow insemination, progesterone levels were distributed according to whether or not cows became pregnant. For milk progesterone detection, the fully automated real-time progesterone analyzer Herd NavigatorTM (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) was used in combination with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). We found that an at-line progesterone concentration is related to different parities, reproductive statuses, and milk yield of cows: the 12.88% higher concentration of progesterone in milk was evaluated in primiparous cows. The average milk yield in non-pregnant primiparous cows was 4.64% higher, and in non-pregnant multiparous cows 6.87% higher than in pregnant cows. Pregnancy success in cows can be predicted 11–15 days after insemination, when a significant increase in progesterone is observed in the group of pregnant cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramūnas Antanaitis
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.M.); (M.T.); (H.Ž.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-6-7349-064
| | - Dovilė Malašauskienė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.M.); (M.T.); (H.Ž.)
| | - Mindaugas Televičius
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.M.); (M.T.); (H.Ž.)
| | - Vida Juozaitienė
- Department of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Henrikas Žilinskas
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.M.); (M.T.); (H.Ž.)
| | - Walter Baumgartner
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria;
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Use of Large and Diverse Datasets for 1H NMR Serum Metabolic Profiling of Early Lactation Dairy Cows. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10050180. [PMID: 32366010 PMCID: PMC7281003 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most livestock metabolomic studies involve relatively small, homogenous populations of animals. However, livestock farming systems are non-homogenous, and large and more diverse datasets are required to ensure that biomarkers are robust. The aims of this study were therefore to (1) investigate the feasibility of using a large and diverse dataset for untargeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) serum metabolomic profiling, and (2) investigate the impact of fixed effects (farm of origin, parity and stage of lactation) on the serum metabolome of early-lactation dairy cows. First, we used multiple linear regression to correct a large spectral dataset (707 cows from 13 farms) for fixed effects prior to multivariate statistical analysis with principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that farm of origin accounted for up to 57% of overall spectral variation, and nearly 80% of variation for some individual metabolite concentrations. Parity and week of lactation had much smaller effects on both the spectra as a whole and individual metabolites (< 3% and < 20%, respectively). In order to assess the effect of fixed effects on prediction accuracy and biomarker discovery, we used orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) regression to quantify the relationship between NMR spectra and concentrations of the current gold standard serum biomarker of energy balance, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA). Models constructed using data from multiple farms provided reasonably robust predictions of serum BHBA concentration (0.05 ≤ RMSE ≤ 0.18). Fixed effects influenced the results biomarker discovery; however, these impacts could be controlled using the proposed method of linear regression spectral correction.
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Opportunities and limitations of milk mid-infrared spectra-based estimation of acetone and β-hydroxybutyrate for the prediction of metabolic stress and ketosis in dairy cows. J DAIRY RES 2020; 87:196-203. [PMID: 32308161 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029920000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Subclinical (SCK) and clinical (CK) ketosis are metabolic disorders responsible for big losses in dairy production. Although Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectrometry (FTIR) to predict ketosis in cows exposed to great metabolic stress was studied extensively, little is known about its suitability in predicting hyperketonemia using individual samples, e.g. in small dairy herds or when only few animals are at risk of ketosis. The objective of the present research was to determine the applicability of milk metabolites predicted by FTIR spectrometry in the individual screening for ketosis. In experiment 1, blood and milk samples were taken every two weeks after calving from Holstein (n = 80), Brown Swiss (n = 72) and Swiss Fleckvieh (n = 58) cows. In experiment 2, cows diagnosed with CK (n = 474) and 420 samples with blood β-hydroxybutyrate [BHB] <1.0 mmol/l were used to investigate if CK could be detected by FTIR-predicted BHB and acetone from a preceding milk control. In experiment 3, correlations between data from an in farm automatic milk analyser and FTIR-predicted BHB and acetone from the monthly milk controls were evaluated. Hyperketonemia occurred in majority during the first eight weeks of lactation. Correlations between blood BHB and FTIR-predicted BHB and acetone were low (r = 0.37 and 0.12, respectively, P < 0.0001), as well as the percentage of true positive values (11.9 and 16.6%, respectively). No association of FTIR predicted ketone bodies with the interval of milk sampling relative to CK diagnosis was found. Data obtained from the automatic milk analyser were moderately correlated with the same day FTIR-predicted BHB analysis (r = 0.61). In conclusion, the low correlations with blood BHB and the small number of true positive samples discourage the use of milk mid-infrared spectrometry analyses as the only method to predict hyperketonemia at the individual cow level.
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Serrapica F, Masucci F, Romano R, Napolitano F, Sabia E, Aiello A, Di Francia A. Effects of Chickpea in Substitution of Soybean Meal on Milk Production, Blood Profile and Reproductive Response of Primiparous Buffaloes in Early Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030515. [PMID: 32204467 PMCID: PMC7143353 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Currently, the protein needs of lactating buffaloes are mainly covered by soybean derivatives produced predominantly overseas. In order to promote the use of locally produced protein sources, in this study we tested the effects of total replacement of soybean meal by using chickpea meal, a protein-rich legume well adapted to and traditionally grown in the Mediterranean area. We evaluated the effects of these two alternative protein sources on blood profile, reproductive response and milk traits in primiparous buffaloes in early lactation. Based on our findings, chickpea meal does not impair the productive and reproductive performances of primiparous dairy buffaloes. In addition, chickpeas may represent a good alternative protein source for organic farms as it is not at risk of contamination by genetically modified cultivars. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the use of chickpea meal in substitution of soybean meal on plasma metabolites, reproductive response, milk yield and composition and milk coagulation traits of primiparous buffaloes in early lactation. Eighteen primiparous buffaloes were blocked by age, body weight and days in milk and equally allotted to two experimental groups from 10 to 100 days of lactation. The experimental diets consisted of the same forage integrated with two different isonitrogenous and isoenergetic concentrates containing either 210 g/kg of soybean meal or 371 g/kg chickpea. The use of chickpea meal had no negative effects on dry matter intake (p = 0.69), body condition score (p = 0.33) and milk yield (p = 0.15). Neither milk composition nor blood metabolites were influenced by dietary treatments (p > 0.05), but an increment of urea concentrations in milk (p < 0.05) and blood plasma (p < 0.001) were observed in buffaloes fed chickpeas. Moreover, no effect (p > 0.05) of the dietary treatment was highlighted on milk coagulation traits as well as buffalo reproductive responses. We concluded that soybean meal can be replaced by chickpea meal in the diet for primiparous dairy buffaloes in the early lactation period without impairing their productive and reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Serrapica
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.S.); (R.R.); (A.A.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Felicia Masucci
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.S.); (R.R.); (A.A.); (A.D.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-253-9307
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.S.); (R.R.); (A.A.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Fabio Napolitano
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Emilio Sabia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Aiello
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.S.); (R.R.); (A.A.); (A.D.F.)
| | - Antonio Di Francia
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.S.); (R.R.); (A.A.); (A.D.F.)
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Effects of Body Condition Score Changes During Peripartum on the Postpartum Health and Production Performance of Primiparous Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121159. [PMID: 31861177 PMCID: PMC6940961 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study systematically describes the effects of body condition score (BCS) changes in primiparous cows during the peripartum period on hormone indexes, health, and production. The BCS and its changes indirectly measure the degree of fat mobilization and is a good predictor of the risk of postpartum disease. In production practice, confounding the management of primiparous and multiparous cow risks neglecting the postpartum characteristics of primiparous cows. A prospective observational study observed that primiparous cows that have a lower BCS have higher non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations and more dramatic hormonal changes. Prepartum BCS changes were inconsistent and small, while after calving, there was a drastic decline in the BCS, suggesting that even a slight drop in the prepartum BCS may be a warning of a postpartum risk for primiparous cows. It is suggested that operators attach importance to the primiparous cow prepartum BCS and keep it stable through prepartum management adjustments, since an ideal BCS at calving reduces the incidence of postpartum disease. Abstract This is a prospective observational study that evaluates the effects of body condition score (BCS) changes in primiparous Holstein cows during peripartum on their NEFA and BHBA concentrations, hormone levels, postpartum health, and production performance. The cows under study (n = 213) were assessed to determine their BCS (5-point scale; 0.25-point increment) once a week during the whole peripartum by the same researchers; backfat was used for corrections. Blood samples were collected 21 and 7 days before calving and 7, 21, and 35 days after calving, and were assayed for NEFA, BHBA, growth hormone (GH), insulin, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations. The incidence of disease and milk yield were recorded until 84 days after calving. Cows were classified according to their BCS changes during peripartum as follows: Those that gained BCS (G; ΔBCS ≥ 0.25), maintained BCS (M; ΔBCS = 0–0.25), or lost BCS (L; ΔBCS ≥ 0.5). The BCS at −21 days and at 7, 14, and 21 days were different (p < 0.01), but trended toward uniformity in all groups at calving. The L group had higher NEFA and BHBA concentrations and hormone levels (p < 0.01) than the M and G groups at 21 and 35 days after calving, and had a higher incidence of uterine and metabolic diseases; however, there were no differences in production performance between the various groups. In conclusion, a lower BCS in primiparous cows during peripartum influences the NEFA and BHBA concentrations, hormone levels, and occurrence of health problems postpartum. The postpartum effects of BCS changes appear prior to calving.
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Yang Y, Zheng N, Zhao X, Yang J, Zhang Y, Han R, Zhao S, Li S, Wen F, Wang J. Changes in whey proteome with lactation stage and parity in dairy cows using a label-free proteomics approach. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108760. [PMID: 31955735 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Milk yield and several components of milk that are affected by physiological factors have been widely investigated. However, the effects of lactation stage and parity on bovine milk whey proteins have not been well elucidated. To aid in unraveling the proteome profile and exploring the protein biosynthesis of mammary glands, a label-free proteomic approach was used to characterize whey proteomes depending on the lactation stage and parity of dairy cows. The results of this study show that the abundances of several proteins, such as early lactation protein, syntenin, and heparanase, were associated with specific stages of the lactation cycle; this was evidenced by a principal component analysis. In addition, several proteins, such as hemoglobin subunits beta and alpha, β-lactoglobulin, CD320, and apolipoprotein E, corresponded to the parity of the dairy cows and were herein considered as useful biomarkers to distinguish different parities. Most of the differentially expressed proteins from specific lactation stages and parity milk groups were annotated in the response to stimulus and protein metabolic processes. The findings reveal that developmental changes in whey proteomes correspond to lactation stages and parities, which in turn provides new insight into the underlying implications of the production of specific proteins to meet the health benefits of offspring and host, and allow us to explore the mechanisms of protein biosynthesis in mammary glands associated with physiological changes in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rongwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Songli Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Capelesso A, Kozloski G, Mendoza A, Pla M, Repetto JL, Cajarville C. Reducing milking frequency in early lactation improved the energy status but reduced milk yield during the whole lactation of primiparous Holstein cows consuming a total mixed ration and pasture. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:8919-8930. [PMID: 31421882 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the immediate and long-term performance effects of milking frequency during early lactation of primiparous dairy cows consuming a total mixed ration and pasture, 20 Holstein cows were assigned in a randomized block design to either once-daily (1×) or twice-daily (2×) milking during the first 8 wk of lactation (treatment period). After the treatment period, all cows were milked 2× until wk 43 of lactation. Cows were fed a total mixed ration (approximately 15 kg of DM/cow per day) and allowed to graze an oat pasture (Avena sativa). Dry matter intake was 19.1 kg of DM/cow per day on average and was not affected by treatments. Milk yield was 40% lower in cows milked 1× during the treatment period, and a carryover effect existed until wk 21 of lactation, resulting in a final reduction of 15% of milk yield in the whole lactation. Milk lactose concentration decreased, whereas fat and protein concentrations increased for cows milked 1×. Mobilization of energy reserves during the treatment period occurred in both groups, but cows milked 1× showed greater body condition score and greater backfat thickness. In conclusion, milking 1× during the first 8 wk of lactation resulted in immediate and carryover negative effects on milk and milk solid yield without affecting feed intake, resulting in the improved energy status of primiparous dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Capelesso
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Universidad de la República, Facultad de Veterinaria, Ruta 1 km 42.5, San José, Uruguay; Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105900, Brazil
| | - G Kozloski
- Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105900, Brazil
| | - A Mendoza
- Programa de Producción de Leche, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 km 11, 70002, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - M Pla
- Programa de Producción de Leche, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 km 11, 70002, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - J L Repetto
- Departamento de Producción de Bovinos, Universidad de la República, Facultad de Veterinaria, Ruta 1 km 42.5, San José, Uruguay
| | - C Cajarville
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Universidad de la República, Facultad de Veterinaria, Ruta 1 km 42.5, San José, Uruguay.
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Association between pre-breeding metabolic profiles and reproductive performance in heifers and lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 2019; 131:79-88. [PMID: 30959440 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lactating cows and nulliparous heifers are in distinctive and unique physiological conditions when they are approaching the planned time of breeding, at approximately 60 days in milk and 13-15 months of age, respectively. This study aimed to profile the metabolic milieu in heifers (N = 14) and lactating cows (N = 15) in the weeks leading up to planned time of breeding. All cows were followed for a period of 15 weeks, from 3 weeks pre-calving to 12 weeks post-calving, while heifers were monitored for a period of 4 weeks leading up to the tentative week of breeding (pre-breeding period). For data analysis, we further divided cows into primiparous (N = 8) and multiparous (N = 7) cows owing to the significant difference in their milk yield. Assessment of reproductive performance showed that primiparous and multiparous cows tended to have lower pregnancy rates compared to heifers (P < 0.1). Plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyric acid were about 2-fold higher in multiparous cows than those of heifers in the week leading up to planned time of breeding (P < 0.05). Total bile acid levels during the pre-breeding period were higher in all lactating cows compared to heifers (P < 0.05) and glucose levels were lower in lactating cows (P < 0.05). Triglyceride concentrations were lowest in multiparous cows compared to both primiparous cows and nulliparous heifers (P < 0.05). In addition, lactating cows had higher concentrations of total-cholesterol and the high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein compared to heifers (P < 0.05). Conversely, concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein were lower in multiparous cows than primiparous cows and nulliparous heifers (P < 0.05). There were no differences in plasma glutathione levels, as measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, between the groups, but the ferric reducing ability of plasma was higher in lactating cows compared to heifers (P < 0.05). These data establish the differences in the profile of metabolic and oxidative markers during the period approaching planned time of breeding in lactating cows compared to nulliparous heifers. As certain metabolites in the plasma have been shown to be represented in the ovarian follicular microenvironment, the unique profiles may influence reproductive performance in dairy cattle in different physiological stages.
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Hanuš O, Samková E, Křížová L, Hasoňová L, Kala R. Role of Fatty Acids in Milk Fat and the Influence of Selected Factors on Their Variability-A Review. Molecules 2018; 23:E1636. [PMID: 29973572 PMCID: PMC6100482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) of milk fat are considered to be important nutritional components of the diets of a significant portion of the human population and substantially affect human health. With regard to dairy farming, the FA profile is also seen as an important factor in the technological quality of raw milk. In this sense, making targeted modifications to the FA profile has the potential to significantly contribute to the production of dairy products with higher added value. Thus, FAs also have economic importance. Current developments in analytical methods and their increasing efficiency enable the study of FA profiles not only for scientific purposes but also in terms of practical technological applications. It is important to study the sources of variability of FAs in milk, which include population genetics, type of farming, and targeted animal nutrition. It is equally important to study the health and technological impacts of FAs. This review summarizes current knowledge in the field regarding sources of FA variability, including the impact of factors such as: animal nutrition, seasonal feed changes, type of animal farming (conventional and organic), genetic parameters (influence of breed), animal individuality, lactation, and milk yield. Potential practical applications (to improve food technology and consumer health) of FA profile information are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oto Hanuš
- Dairy Research Institute Ltd., 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Samková
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products´ Quality, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Ludmila Křížová
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Hasoňová
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products´ Quality, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Robert Kala
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products´ Quality, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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