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Pereira MDA, Bungenstab DJ, Euclides VPB, Malafaia GC, Biscola PHN, Menezes GRO, de Abreu UGP, Laura VA, Nogueira É, Mauro RDA, da Silva MP, Nicacio AC, de Almeida RG, Gomes RDC, Silva JCB, de Souza VF. From Traditionally Extensive to Sustainably Intensive: A Review on the Path to a Sustainable and Inclusive Beef Farming in Brazil. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2340. [PMID: 39199874 PMCID: PMC11350875 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Brazil is the second largest beef producer and a leading exporter, contributing to some 3000 t CWE in global markets (27.7% of market share). The sector has experienced substantial development, but yields remain far below potential, and there are growing concerns regarding land use change and greenhouse gas emissions. The need for sustainable technologies, such as sound pasture management and integrated farming systems, is evident, but adoption may be low amongst farmers unable to keep up with technological advances. This article describes the historical developments of Brazilian beef farming towards sustainability and discusses possible socioenvironmental outcomes. We combined an extensive literature review, public data, and our own insights as senior researchers to achieve that. The trajectory shown here evidenced the technological intensification of Brazilian beef farming, with strong support of public policies for decarbonizing agriculture. Nonetheless, the pace of this transition may affect small to medium farmers with limited access to information, technologies, and credit. Our recommendations involve a broad program of technical assistance and training on sustainable technologies, including financial and digital literacy. A novel approach to financing farmers is suggested to support a sustainable and inclusive transition in beef farming in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de A. Pereira
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Davi J. Bungenstab
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Valeria P. B. Euclides
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Guilherme C. Malafaia
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Paulo H. N. Biscola
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Gilberto R. O. Menezes
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Urbano G. P. de Abreu
- Embrapa Pantanal, Rua 21 de Setembro, 1880, Aeroporto, Corumbá 79320-900, MS, Brazil;
| | - Valdemir A. Laura
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Ériklis Nogueira
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Rodiney de A. Mauro
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Marta P. da Silva
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Alessandra C. Nicacio
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Roberto G. de Almeida
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Rodrigo da C. Gomes
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Juliana C. B. Silva
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
| | - Vanessa F. de Souza
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Av. Radio Maia, 830, Vila Popular, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil; (D.J.B.); (V.P.B.E.); (G.C.M.); (P.H.N.B.); (G.R.O.M.); (V.A.L.); (É.N.); (R.d.A.M.); (M.P.d.S.); (A.C.N.); (R.G.d.A.); (R.d.C.G.); (J.C.B.S.); (V.F.d.S.)
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Galina CS, Geffroy M. Dual-Purpose Cattle Raised in Tropical Conditions: What Are Their Shortcomings in Sound Productive and Reproductive Function? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2224. [PMID: 37444022 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-purpose husbandry might well be the most commonly employed cattle management system in tropical regions worldwide. The advantages of producing both meat and milk, although in reduced quantities, gives an edge to the farmer in coping with the volatile economic conditions that prevail in the region. Herein, we discuss the different methods of cattle management under tropical conditions based on the financial and social structure of this system. An account of the sanitary and nutritional conditions available to the farmers and how these factors affect the profitability of the enterprise will also be given. Finally, we will discuss how these systems can take advantage of several biotechnological procedures, and how these tools (such as controlled natural mating, artificial insemination, and embryo transfer) affect reproductive outcomes. The present review will mainly concentrate on production systems located less than 1000 m above sea level, as the problems and shortcomings of cattle raised above this arbitrary landmark are quite different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Salvador Galina
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Mariana Geffroy
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Iwata H. Resveratrol enhanced mitochondrial recovery from cryopreservation-induced damages in oocytes and embryos. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:419-426. [PMID: 34646069 PMCID: PMC8499604 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play a crucial role in nuclear maturation, fertilization, and subsequent embryo development. Cryopreservation is an important assisted reproductive technology that is used worldwide for humans and domestic animals. Although mitochondrial quantity and quality are decisive factors for successful development of oocytes and embryos, cryopreservation induces mitochondrial dysfunction. Upon thawing, the damaged mitochondria are removed, and de novo synthesis occurs to restore the function of mitochondria. Resveratrol, 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, is a polyphenolic antioxidant that has versatile target proteins, among which sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a key regulator of in mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation. METHODS The present study is a literature review focusing on experiments involving the hypothesis that the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation following cryopreservation and warming by resveratrol may help mitochondrial recovery and improve oocyte and embryo development. MAIN FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION Resveratrol improves oocyte maturation and development and upregulates mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation. When vitrified-warmed embryos are treated with resveratrol, it helps in mitochondrial regulation and recovery of embryos from cryopreservation-induced damage. CONCLUSION Resveratrol treatment is a possible countermeasure against cryopreservation-induced mitochondrial damage.
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Barrozo LG, Paulino LRFM, Silva BR, Barbalho EC, Nascimento DR, Neto MFL, Silva JRV. N-acetyl-cysteine and the control of oxidative stress during in vitro ovarian follicle growth, oocyte maturation, embryo development and cryopreservation. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 231:106801. [PMID: 34252825 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is generated by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and cellular defense mechanisms. To reduce cellular damage caused by ROS in vivo or in vitro, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) is converted into metabolites that have the capacity of stimulating synthesis of glutathione (GSH) which functions directly as free radical scavengers. The NAC antioxidant potential evaluated to the greatest extent is the indirect action of NAC, as a precursor of GSH, with glutathione being the primary antioxidant in cells. During long-term preantral follicle culture, NAC has a synergic action with FSH and an important function in sustaining preantral follicle growth and follicle-cell viability in vitro. The NAC inclusion in in vitro maturation medium for cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) leads to protection of oocytes from damage induced by heat stress, reductions in ROS, and increases in cumulus cell expansion. Developing embryos are susceptable to oxidative stress because of susceptability to cellular structure damage and not having well-developed defense mechanisms. Results from various indicate there are beneficial effects of NAC on embryonic development by increasing GSH biosynthesis and regulating cell proliferation. In addition, NAC is also an effective antioxidant during cryopreservation of ovarian follicles, oocytes and embryos, because inclusion of NAC in preservation medium leads to improvements in mitochondrial function and cell viability, and reductions in ROS and cellular apoptosis. In this review, there is evaluation of mechanisms of action of NAC and beneficial effects during in vitro culture of preantral follicles, as well as oocyte maturation, embryonic development and cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laryssa G Barrozo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Comandante Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, CEP 62041-040, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Laís R F M Paulino
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Comandante Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, CEP 62041-040, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Bianca R Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Comandante Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, CEP 62041-040, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Efigênia C Barbalho
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Comandante Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, CEP 62041-040, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Danisvânia R Nascimento
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Comandante Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, CEP 62041-040, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Miguel F Lima Neto
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Comandante Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, CEP 62041-040, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - José R V Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Comandante Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, CEP 62041-040, Sobral, CE, Brazil.
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Son YB, Jeong YI, Jeong YW, Olsson PO, Hossein MS, Cai L, Kim S, Choi EJ, Sakaguchi K, Tinson A, Singh KK, Rajesh S, Noura AS, Hwang WS. Development and pregnancy rates of Camelus dromedarius-cloned embryos derived from in vivo- and in vitro-matured oocytes. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:177-183. [PMID: 34289583 PMCID: PMC8738946 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study evaluated the efficiency of embryo development and pregnancy of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos using different source-matured oocytes in Camelus dromedarius. Methods Camelus dromedarius embryos were produced by SCNT using in vivo- and in vitro- matured oocytes. In vitro embryo developmental capacity of reconstructed embryos was evaluated. To confirm the efficiency of pregnancy and live birth rates, a total of 72 blastocysts using in vitro- matured oocytes transferred into 45 surrogates and 95 blastocysts using in vivo- matured oocytes were transferred into 62 surrogates by transvaginal method. Results The collected oocytes derived from ovum pick up showed higher maturation potential into metaphase II oocytes than oocytes from the slaughterhouse. The competence of cleavage, and blastocyst were also significantly higher in in vivo- matured oocytes than in vitro- matured oocytes. After embryo transfer, 11 pregnant and 10 live births were confirmed in in vivo- matured oocytes group, and 2 pregnant and 1 live birth were confirmed in in vitro- matured oocytes group. Furthermore, blastocysts produced by in vivo-matured oocytes resulted in significantly higher early pregnancy and live birth rates than in vitro-matured oocytes. Conclusion In this study, SCNT embryos using in vivo- and in vitro-matured camel oocytes were successfully developed, and pregnancy was established in recipient camels. We also confirmed that in vivo-matured oocytes improved the development of embryos and the pregnancy capacity using the blastocyst embryo transfer method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Bum Son
- UAE Biotech Research Center, 30310 Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yeon Ik Jeong
- UAE Biotech Research Center, 30310 Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yeon Woo Jeong
- UAE Biotech Research Center, 30310 Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Per Olof Olsson
- UAE Biotech Research Center, 30310 Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Lian Cai
- UAE Biotech Research Center, 30310 Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sun Kim
- UAE Biotech Research Center, 30310 Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eun Ji Choi
- UAE Biotech Research Center, 30310 Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kenichiro Sakaguchi
- UAE Biotech Research Center, 30310 Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alex Tinson
- Hilli E.T. Cloning and Surgical Centre Presidential Camels and Camel Racing Affairs, 17292 Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kuhad Kuldip Singh
- Hilli E.T. Cloning and Surgical Centre Presidential Camels and Camel Racing Affairs, 17292 Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Singh Rajesh
- Hilli E.T. Cloning and Surgical Centre Presidential Camels and Camel Racing Affairs, 17292 Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Al Shamsi Noura
- Hilli E.T. Cloning and Surgical Centre Presidential Camels and Camel Racing Affairs, 17292 Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Woo Suk Hwang
- UAE Biotech Research Center, 30310 Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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