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Bortolozzo FP, Zanin GP, Christ TS, Rech RD, da Rosa Ulguim R, Mellagi APG. Artificial insemination and optimization of the use of seminal doses in swine. Anim Reprod Sci 2024:107501. [PMID: 38782677 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The optimization of processes associated with artificial insemination (AI) is of great importance for the success of the pig industry. Over the last two decades, great reproductive performance has been achieved, making further significant progress limited. Optimizing the AI program, however, is essential to the pig industry's sustainability. Thus, the aim is not only to reduce the number of sperm cells used per estrous sow but also to improve some practical management in sow farms and boar studs to transform the high reproductive performance to a more efficient program. As productivity is mainly influenced by the number of inseminated sows, guaranteeing a constant breeding group and with healthy animals is paramount. In the AI studs, all management must ensure conditions to the health of the boars. Some strategies have been proposed and discussed to achieve these targets. A constant flow of high-quality and well-managed breeding groups, quality control of semen doses produced, more reliable technology in the laboratory routine, removal of less fertile boars, the use of intrauterine AI, the use of a single AI with control of estrus and ovulation (fixed-time AI), estrus detection based on artificial intelligence technologies, and optimization regarding the use of semen doses from high genetic-indexed boars are some strategies in which improvement is sought. In addition to these new approaches, we must revisit the processes used in boar studs, semen delivery network, and sow farm management for a more efficient AI program. This review discusses the challenges and opportunities in adopting some technologies to achieve satisfactory reproductive performance and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pandolfo Bortolozzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Piovesan Zanin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Thaís Spohr Christ
- Department of Animal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dalmina Rech
- Department of Animal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael da Rosa Ulguim
- Department of Animal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gonçalves Mellagi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91540-000, Brazil
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Mellagi APG, Will KJ, Quirino M, Bustamante-Filho IC, Ulguim RDR, Bortolozzo FP. Update on artificial insemination: Semen, techniques, and sow fertility. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:601-611. [PMID: 36063484 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, reproductive efficiency in the swine industry has focused on reducing the sperm cell number required per sow. Recent advances have included the identification of subfertile boars, new studies in extended semen quality control, new catheters and cannulas for intrauterine artificial insemination (AI), and fixed-time AI under commercial use. Therefore, it is essential to link field demands with scientific studies. In this review, we intend to discuss the current status of porcine AI, pointing out challenges and opportunities to improve reproductive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P G Mellagi
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kelly J Will
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Monike Quirino
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ivan C Bustamante-Filho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael da R Ulguim
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando P Bortolozzo
- Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Suárez-Usbeck A, Mitjana O, Tejedor MT, Bonastre C, Sistac J, Ubiergo A, Falceto MV. Single Fixed-Time Post-Cervical Insemination in Gilts with Buserelin. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1567. [PMID: 34072000 PMCID: PMC8226837 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current protocols for gilts recommend the deposit of multiple semen doses in the cervix each 12-24 h after estrus detection. Our objectives were: (1) to determine the effect of buserelin and a single fixed-time artificial insemination using the new post-cervical artificial insemination technique (FTAI-PCAI) on reproductive and productive performance in gilts, and (2) to compare this protocol with conventional estrus detection and double PCAI without hormonal induction. In the control group (C; n = 240), gilts were inseminated twice (8 and 12 h from estrus onset). Gilts in the treatment group (T; n = 226) received buserelin (10 μg, intramuscular) 120 h after altrenogest treatment (18 d) and one single PCAI 30-33 h after buserelin administration. The groups did not differ in reproductive and production performance (p > 0.05). The T group showed greater piglet birth weight and shorter estrus duration (p < 0.001). Delivery batch length differed significantly depending on the season (p < 0.05); the shortest length corresponded to autumn. Both groups only differed significantly in spring (p = 0.018), with a shorter length in the T group. This new FTAI-PCAI protocol with buserelin is recommended in gilts, helping with optimization of genetic diffusion, boars, and semen doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Suárez-Usbeck
- Department of Animal Pathology, Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-U.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Olga Mitjana
- Department of Animal Pathology, Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-U.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (M.V.F.)
| | - María Teresa Tejedor
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Animal Genetics, Genetic s Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER CV (University of Zaragoza—IIS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Bonastre
- Department of Animal Pathology, Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-U.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (M.V.F.)
| | - Jorge Sistac
- Granja Fabardo (Mazana Grupo Empresarial), 22480 Capella, Huesca, Spain;
| | | | - María Victoria Falceto
- Department of Animal Pathology, Agroalimentary Institute of Aragon-IA2, University of Zaragoza-CITA, C/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.S.-U.); (O.M.); (C.B.); (M.V.F.)
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Will KJ, Silveira DF, Musskopf MN, Mellagi APG, Bortolozzo FP, Kummer R, Ulguim RDR. Reproductive performance in gilts following applications of different insemination doses and techniques. Theriogenology 2020; 160:26-32. [PMID: 33171349 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the applicability of intrauterine artificial insemination (IUAI) in gilts and the impact of age at insemination and different body characteristics of gilts on the success rate for cannula insertion. Additionally, reproductive performance was evaluated for IUAI and cervical artificial insemination (CAI), considering different semen dose sizes. A total of 636 gilts were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design: two artificial insemination techniques (CAI and IUAI) and two semen dose sizes (1.5 × 109 sperm cells/50 mL or 2.5 × 109 sperm cells/80 mL). In those gilts assigned to IUAI (n = 319) the success rate for intrauterine cannula insertion was evaluated according to weight at first detected estrus, body condition score (BCS), and age at insemination. Reproductive performance, occurrence of bleeding, and semen backflow during all inseminations were compared among groups (2 × 2). Two subgroups were evaluated regarding the time expended to perform insemination (n = 380), and the semen backflow collected during 1 h after insemination (n = 114). The success rate for intrauterine cannula insertion, based on a successful insertion in all inseminations performed during estrus, was 58.9%. Additionally, greater possibility (>60%; P ≤ 0.04) of cannula insertion was observed in heavier gilts (≥124 kg), as well as in older gilts (≥225 d) and those with greater BCS (>3). There were no differences among the groups in pregnancy rate (≥95.3%; P = 0.23), farrowing rate (≥93.7%; P = 0.54), total piglets born (≥14.5; P = 0.45), as well as, bleeding (P = 0.48) and backflow (P = 0.48) during insemination. However, the percentage of semen backflow volume and percentage of sperm cells in the backflow were lower in gilts inseminated by CAI with 1.5 billion sperm cells/50 mL (P < 0.01) than in the other groups. There was no expressive reduction in time expended to perform IUAI compared to CAI. However, gilts inseminated with 1.5 billion sperm cells/50 mL showed a lower total time to inseminate than all other groups (P < 0.01). In conclusion, higher weight, BCS, and age increased the success rate for cannula insertion. However, IUAI did not optimize the insemination procedure, and remains limited for gilts due to the low success rate for cannula insertion. Reproductive performance was not affected by IUAI or CAI using 1.5 or 2.5 billion sperm cells in 50 or 80 mL, respectively, suggesting the possibility of using CAI with 1.5 billion sperm cells/50 mL in gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jaqueline Will
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Danielle Fermo Silveira
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariáh Negri Musskopf
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gonçalves Mellagi
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pandolfo Bortolozzo
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Kummer
- Master Agroindustrial, CEP 89560-000, Videira, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael da Rosa Ulguim
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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