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Pereira THDS, Mayor P, Evangelista JSAM, Lima AKF, de Andrade RDS, Monteiro FOB. Reproductive physiology with emphasis on endometrial cycles of woolly and uakari monkeys-A literature review. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23585. [PMID: 38108097 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a species to withstand human impact depends on its life history characteristics, including social, ranging, and reproductive activity. The genera Lagothrix and Cacajao are more susceptible to anthropic action than small-sized primates due to their slower life histories, more restricted geographical ranges, and lower population densities. This narrative literature review aimed to gather scientific information available from the last 60 years on the reproductive biology of females of the genera Lagothrix and Cacajao. Most studies on the genus Lagothrix, mainly focused on L. lagothricha and L. l. poeppigii, present important advances on reproductive strategies, reproductive productivity, functional morphology and physiology, including seasonality, sexual cycle, gestation and fetal development in captive and free-living populations. Contrary, there is much less known about the reproductive biology of the genus Cacajao, with studies on free-living C. calvus and C. melanocephalus highlighting reproductive behavior, and basic description of the sexual cycle, gestation, and lactation. Unfortunately, the morphology of the female genital organs is only described in C. calvus, and there is still scarce information about the menstrual activity and the placenta. This literature review encourages primatologists, morphophysiologists, reproductive specialists, and ecologists to conduct comprehensive studies of these species to better understand the gaps in knowledge about reproduction, their relationship with their environment, including climatic and social variables. Understanding the integrative reproductive biology of these species will be a clue for improving the assessment of the resilience capacity of free-living populations and, consequently, establishing more appropriate management programs, and for the development of ex situ management techniques for the conservation of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thyago Habner de Souza Pereira
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Barcelona, Spain
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Barcelona, Spain
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Belém, Pará, Brasil
- ComFauna, Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica, Iquitos, Peru
- Museo de Culturas Indígenas Amazónicas, Iquitos, Maynas, Perú
| | | | - Ana Kelen Felipe Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins (UFNT), Araguaína, Tocantins, Brasil
| | | | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Belém, Pará, Brasil
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Follicular Atresia, Cell Proliferation, and Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Two Neotropical Primates (Aotus nancymae and Sapajus macrocephalus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061051. [PMID: 36978591 PMCID: PMC10044352 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the follicular atresia, cell proliferation, and anti-Mullerian hormone action in Aotus nancymae and Sapajus macrocephalus during three sexual phases (follicular, luteal, and gestational). Follicular quantification and immunolocalization of Caspase-3 protein, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were performed. A significant difference in the quantification between preantral and antral follicles, with a progressive decrease in the antrals, was identified. Protein and hormonal markers varied significantly between follicle cell types (A. nancymae p = 0.001; S. macrocephalus, p = 0.002). Immunostaining in the preantral and antral follicles was present in all sexual phases; for Caspase-3, in granulosa cells, oocytes, and stroma; for BCL-2, in granulosa cells, oocytes, and theca; and for PCNA and AMH, in oocytes and granulosa cells. The immunostaining for Caspase-3 was more expressive in the preantral follicles (follicular phase, p < 0.05), while that for BCL-2 and PCNA was more expressive in the antral follicles of the follicular phase. The AMH was more expressive in the primary and antral follicles of nonpregnant females, in both the follicular and luteal phases. Our results contribute to understanding the ovarian follicular selection, recruitment, and degeneration of these species.
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da Silva GP, de Souza Pereira TH, Imbeloni AA, do Santos de Andrade R, Dias Neto RDN, Coutinho LN, Gering AP, Benarrós MSC, Junior JJP, Monteiro FOB, Takeshita RSC. Effect of age and sex in renal function by ultrasound and serum chemistry in two primate species (Alouatta caraya and Sapajus apella). J Med Primatol 2022; 51:223-233. [PMID: 35661374 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative studies of kidney morphophysiology in nonhuman primates can help us investigate interspecies differences in growth and aging patterns. METHODS We tested the effect of age and sex in renal morphophysiology in 21 Alouatta caraya and 21 Sapajus apella (age range = 0.5-26 years) by ultrasound, red blood cell (RBC) count, and kidney function tests. RESULTS A. caraya had greater growth rate and absolute renal volume than S. apella, but the latter showed a greater relative renal volume and RBC count. There was a negative relationship between RBC and age, a positive relationship between creatinine and body mass, and an apparent negative relationship between creatinine and age only in S. apella. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that A. caraya has a faster aging mechanism than S. apella, and the higher relative kidney volume in S. apella is suggestive of high metabolic demands in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessiane Pereira da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Thyago Habner de Souza Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Aline Amaral Imbeloni
- Centro Nacional de Primatas (CENP), Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leandro Nassar Coutinho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gering
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos (PPGSaspt), Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Araguaina, Brazil
| | - Marina Sette Camara Benarrós
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos (PPGSaspt), Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Araguaina, Brazil
| | - José Jones Pereira Junior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
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Grassotti TT, Kothe CI, Prichula J, Mohellibi N, Mann MB, Wagner PGC, Campos FS, Campos AAS, Frazzon J, Frazzon APG. Fecal bacterial communities of wild black capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus nigritus) from the Atlantic Forest biome in Southern Brazil are divergent from those of other non-human primates. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100048. [PMID: 34841339 PMCID: PMC8610302 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota are influenced by factors such as diet, habitat, and social contact, which directly affect the host's health. Studies related to gut microbiota in non-human primates are increasing worldwide. However, little remains known about the gut bacterial composition in wild Brazilian monkeys. Therefore, we studied the fecal microbiota composition of wild black capuchin monkey (Sapajus nigritus) (n=10) populations from two different Atlantic Forest biome fragments (five individuals per fragment) in south Brazil. The bacterial community was identified via the high-throughput sequencing and partial amplification of the 16S rRNA gene (V4 region) using an Ion Personal Genome Machine (PGMTM) System. In contrast to other studies involving monkey microbiota, which have generally reported the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes as predominant, black capuchin monkeys showed a high relative abundance of Proteobacteria ( χ ¯ = 80.54%), followed by Firmicutes ( χ ¯ = 12.14%), Actinobacteria ( χ ¯ = 4.60%), and Bacteriodetes ( χ ¯ = 1.31%). This observed particularity may have been influenced by anthropogenic actions related to the wild habitat and/or diet specific to the Brazilian biome's characteristics and/or monkey foraging behavior. Comparisons of species richness (Chao1) and diversity indices (Simpson and InvSimpson) showed no significant differences between the two groups of monkeys. Interestingly, PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that metabolic pathways present in the bacterial communities were associated with xenobiotic biodegradation and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which may suggest positive effects on monkey health and conservation in this anthropogenic habitat. Infectious disease-associated microorganisms were also observed in the samples. The present study provides information about the bacterial population and metabolic functions present in fecal microbiota, which may contribute to a better understanding of the ecology and biology of black capuchin monkeys living in forest fragments within the Atlantic Forest biome in southern Brazil. Additionally, the present study demonstrates that the fecal bacterial communities of wild black capuchin monkeys in this area are divergent from those of other wild non-human primates.
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Key Words
- FROGS, Find Rapidly OTUs with Galaxy Solution
- FastQC, Fast Quality Control
- Fecal microbiota
- HTS, high-throughput sequencing
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MultiQC, Multi Quality Control
- OTUs, Operational Taxonomic Units
- PGMTM, Personal Genome Machine
- PICRUSt2, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved State
- Primate conservation
- Proteobacteria
- Robust capuchins
- SCS, Santa Cruz do Sul
- SSC, São Sebastião do Caí
- SSU, Small Subunit rRNA gene
- Wild south Brazilian primates
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiela Trapp Grassotti
- Post-Graduation Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Isabel Kothe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Janira Prichula
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nacer Mohellibi
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Michele Bertoni Mann
- Post-Graduation Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fabricio Souza Campos
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Campus de Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi, TO, Brazil; Federal University of Tocantins, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | | | - Jeverson Frazzon
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Microorganisms Laboratory, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon
- Post-Graduation Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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