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Elsaeed Eldeeb M, El Mulla K, Alshaer A, Ashraf HM, Omran EA. The effect of long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser-assisted hair removal on some skin flora and pathogens: An in vivo study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2024; 90:581-589. [PMID: 37609732 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_854_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Background The effect of NDYag on normal skin flora and pathogenic microbes has not been studied. Objectives Evaluation of immediate (before versus after each session) and delayed (pre-first session versus pre-fourth session) antimicrobial effect of Nd:YAG laser-assisted hair removal. Methods Thirty females scheduled for axillary Nd:YAG laser hair removal were included. Skin swabs were collected from the vault of the dominant axilla before and after each of the four sessions. Bacteriological cultures were performed to record the counts of total aerobes, total anaerobes, lipophilic bacteria, total staphylococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), S. saprophyticus, S. hominis, and S. aureus. Reported changes in sweat odour and folliculitis (if present) were recorded. Results S.hominis was the predominant species in all subjects before and after all sessions. Counts of total aerobes, total anaerobes, lipophilic bacteria, total staphylococci, and S.hominis significantly decreased after all 4 sessions. A significant reduction was noted in the median colony counts before the fourth session as compared to the baseline count before the first session in total aerobes (278.9 versus 126.3 × 105 CFU/cm2, p = 0.003), total anaerobes (338.7 versus 103.7 × 105 CFU/cm2, p = 0.002) and total staphylococci (248.5 versus 105.0 × 105 CFU/cm2, p = 0.004). Most subjects reported worsened or unchanged axillary sweat odour. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between sweat odour and the counts of total aerobes (r = 0.433, p = 0.017), total anaerobes (r = 0.377, p = 0.040), total staphylococci (r = 0.383, p = 0.036) and S.hominis (r = 0.497, p = 0.005) ; lower counts were associated with a worsened odour. Limitations Small sample size; few laser sessions; short follow-up; subjective assessment of sweat odor and quantity. Conclusions Laser caused an immediate and delayed reduction in axillary aerobes, anaerobes, lipophilic bacteria, and staphylococci. This form of dysbiosis might lead to sweat odour changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Elsaeed Eldeeb
- Department of Dermatology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, ElAzarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khaled El Mulla
- Department of Dermatology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, ElAzarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer Alshaer
- Department of Dermatology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, ElAzarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba M Ashraf
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, ElAzarita, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman A Omran
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, ElAzarita, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mallat F, Chaaya C, Aoun M, Soutou B, Helou J. Adverse Events of Light-Assisted Hair Removal: An Updated Review. J Cutan Med Surg 2023; 27:375-387. [PMID: 37272371 DOI: 10.1177/12034754231174852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With light-assisted hair removal becoming widely used, reports of adverse effects are increasing. OBJECTIVE To review all the reported optical incidents and cutaneous complications of laser or intense pulse light-assisted hair removal. METHODS A PubMed database systematic search was performed to identify studies reporting such adverse events before July 2022 using the Mesh terms "adverse effects" AND "hair removal" AND ("laser" OR "intense pulse light"). RESULTS Altogether, 358 references were identified. After excluding duplicates, unrelated articles, guidelines, and conference abstracts, then adding references from studies bibliography, 104 publications were included. Ocular incidents consisted of anterior uveitis, iritis and iris atrophy, pupillary distortion, posterior synechiae, anterior chamber pigment, and cataracts in the anterior subcapsular region. Cutaneous complications consisted of pain, burns, folliculitis, leukotrichia, paradoxical hypertrichosis, pigmentary changes, changes in nevi, pili bigemini, herpes infection, hyperhidrosis, bromhidrosis, Fox-Fordyce disease, and frostbite from the cooling system. They were mostly correlated to skin type and body area as well as to light device and set parameters. Intense pulse light devices were found to be less painful than alexandrite laser, yet more painful than diode laser; Nd:YAG laser had the highest pain score. CONCLUSION Optical incidents can be systematically avoided. Cutaneous complications are usually related to professional errors and patient characteristics. Better knowledge of laser physics and adequate training of laser operators are key recommendations to avoid undesirable side effects. Safety recommendations help prevent most of the reported complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Mallat
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Céline Chaaya
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maroun Aoun
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Boutros Soutou
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
- Dermatology Department, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Josiane Helou
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
- Dermatology Department, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
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Han Y, Kim S, Woo YR, Cho SH, Lee JD, Kim HS. Permanent leukotrichia after picosecond laser treatment for tattoo removal. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:7228-7229. [PMID: 36083690 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Han
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suyeun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Ri Woo
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Deuk Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hei Sung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Catoni I, Manciet JR. Épilation par lasers et lampes. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020; 147:681-692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fazel Z, Majidpour A, Behrangi E, Fathizadeh S, Nokandeh M, Atefi N, Ghassemi MR. Using the Hair Removal Laser in the Axillary Region and its Effect on Normal Microbial Flora. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:255-261. [PMID: 32802284 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The axillary hair removal laser is one of the most often used procedures to treat unwanted hairs in that region. Employing this technology can be helpful in decreasing the bromhidrosis. Methods: In the present research, a clinical trial study over the effect of the hair removal laser on normal microbial flora at the axillary region is presented. The intervention group consisted of 30 women referred to the dermatologic clinic for the purpose of removing axillary hair by the alexandrite 755 nm laser and the control group consisted of 30 women referred to the same clinic for any other reasons. Both groups were evaluated for the type of bacterial strains on the first visit and after three and six months. Results: The results showed that the sense of sweat smell improved by about 63% after the last laser session. The frequency of all bacterial strains decreased in the intervention group except Staphylococcus epidermidis which was significant. In the control group, there was no significant decrement in any bacterial strains and even the prevalence of more strains including Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis increased. Counting the mean bacterial colon showed a slight decrement of the bacterial count following the laser. Conclusion: The use of laser radiation, even with the aim of hair removal, can alter the microbial flora, and it can be accompanied by the improvement of the smell of sweat. The effect of the laser on different bacterial strains is quite different, which can depend on the amount of energy, the wavelength, the characteristics of the area under the laser, and also the structural properties of the membrane of the microorganism itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Fazel
- Department of Dermatology, Rasol-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Majidpour
- Antimicrobial Research Center, Institute of Immunology Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behrangi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasol-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Fathizadeh
- Antimicrobial Research Center, Institute of Immunology Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nokandeh
- Department of Dermatology, Rasol-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmolsadat Atefi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasol-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghassemi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasol-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Helou J, Haber R, Kechichian E, Tomb R. A case of generalized bromhidrosis following whole-body depilatory laser. J COSMET LASER THER 2015; 17:318-20. [PMID: 25803676 DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2015.1027232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laser treatment is a widespread method for hair removal. Despite its very common use, side effects remain relatively rare and transient. OBJECTIVE Axillary hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis have already been reported in the literature after depilatory lasers. We report here a novel side effect of total body bromhidrosis following hair removal laser. RESULTS A 27-year-old man, phototype 3 underwent four sessions of total body depilatory laser, combining pulsed alexandrite and pulsed diode lasers. A few days afterwards, a generalized foul odor was noted and was resistant to regular deodorants and Aluminum chloride based antiperspirants. Possible mechanisms include the activation of dormant bacteria in the skin flora, sweat gland dysfunction, altered skin flora, sweat gland hormone receptor disturbances, and genetic factors. CONCLUSION Total body bromhidrosis and hyperhidrosis are potential complications of total body laser hair removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Helou
- a Department of Dermatology , Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon and Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Roger Haber
- a Department of Dermatology , Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon and Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Elio Kechichian
- a Department of Dermatology , Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon and Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Roland Tomb
- a Department of Dermatology , Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon and Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University , Beirut , Lebanon
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Reversibility of hyperhidrosis post axillary depilatory laser. Lasers Med Sci 2013; 29:717-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-013-1404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Obeid G, Helou J, Maatouk I, Moutran R, Tomb R. Depilatory laser: a potential causative factor for inguinal hyperhidrosis: Report of three cases. J COSMET LASER THER 2013; 15:286-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2012.761344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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