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Krishnan RP, Pandiar D, Ramani P. Sclerosing Variant of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - A Case Report on the Role of Sclerosis in the Prognostic Outcome. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2023; 13:248-251. [PMID: 38405569 PMCID: PMC10883206 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_116_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale Sclerosing variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is a rare variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) with only two cases in the literature. In this article, we report two cases of SACCs and attempt to explain the reason for sclerosis and its association with the disease outcome. Patient Concerns The first patient is a 43-year-old Dravidian Indian female with a chief complaint of pain and swelling in the right posterior cheek region of four months' duration. The second patient is an 8-year-old boy with a well-defined swelling in the left cheek region. Diagnosis Both these cases were diagnosed as sclerosing variants of ACC. Treatment The tumour was surgically excised for both patients. Outcomes Both the patients had no signs of residual disease/recurrence. Take-away Lessons We opine that the dense sclerotic stroma may have a preventing role in tumour cell growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Poothakulath Krishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepak Pandiar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Fusco N, Sajjadi E, Venetis K, Ivanova M, Andaloro S, Guerini-Rocco E, Montagna E, Caldarella P, Veronesi P, Colleoni M, Viale G. Low-risk triple-negative breast cancers: Clinico-pathological and molecular features. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 172:103643. [PMID: 35217131 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) comprise biologically and clinically heterogeneous diseases characterized by the lack of hormone receptors (HR) and HER2 expression. This subset of tumors accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancers and pursues an ominous clinical course. However, there is a spectrum of low-risk TNBCs with no/minimal metastatic potential, including the salivary gland-type tumors, those with extensive apocrine differentiation and/or high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and small-sized, early-stage (pT1a/bN0M0) TNBCs. De-escalating the treatment in low-risk TNBC, however, is not trivial because of the substantial lack of dedicated randomized clinical trials and cancer registries. The development of new diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers based on clinical and molecular aspects of low-risk TNBCs would lead to improved clinical treatment. Here, we sought to provide a portrait of the clinicopathological and molecular features of low-risk TNBC, with a focus on the diagnostic challenges along with the most important biological characteristics underpinning their favorable clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Andaloro
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Emilia Montagna
- Division of Medical Senology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Caldarella
- Division of Breast Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Veronesi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy; Division of Breast Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Colleoni
- Division of Medical Senology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Giuseppe Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Rupp NJ, Freiberger SN. [Salivary gland tumors-an overview : Advances in molecular characterization: Part I]. PATHOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 43:467-474. [PMID: 36227346 PMCID: PMC9584877 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-022-01123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In den letzten Jahren hat die Charakterisierung der Speicheldrüsenkarzinome einen großen Wandel durchlebt. Morphologisch definierte Entitäten konnten zu einem Großteil auch molekular mit einem oftmals distinkten Genotyp charakterisiert werden. Der erste Teil des Artikels gibt einen Überblick über die Fortschritte der molekularen Charakteristiken des Mukoepidermoidkarzinoms, adenoid-zystischen Karzinoms, Azinuszellkarzinoms, des sekretorischen und intraduktalen Karzinoms sowie des hyalinisierenden klarzelligen Karzinoms. Der molekulare Genotyp kann dabei insbesondere bei der Klassifizierung ungewöhnlicher morphologischer Varianten von großem Nutzen sein. Rekurrente NTRK- oder RET-Genfusionen können dabei nicht nur als diagnostisches Hilfsmittel, sondern auch für eine potenzielle gezielte Therapie genutzt werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J Rupp
- Institut für Pathologie und Molekularpathologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.
- , Schmelzbergstr. 12, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz.
| | - Sandra N Freiberger
- Institut für Pathologie und Molekularpathologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-dependent signaling plays a crucial role in epithelial cancer biology, and dictated the development of several targeting agents. The mouse-human chimeric antibody Cetuximab was among the first to be developed. After about two decades of clinical research it has gained a significant place in the management of advanced colorectal and head and neck cancers, whereas its development in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not led to a place in routine clinical practice, because of marginal clinical benefit despite statistically significant Phase III trials. Recent data from ongoing trials suggest that more careful selection based on molecular markers may identify good responders. Areas covered: In this article, the authors review the literature concerning basic science studies identifying EGFR as a therapeutic target, pharmacological development of Cetuximab, its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, and clinical trials on Cetuximab in NSCLC, focusing on recent findings on putative predictive biomarkers. Expert opinion: Cetuximab currently has no role in NSCLC treatment outside of research settings. We argue that failure to identify a predictive biomarker early on has hampered its chances to enter routine practice. Although recent research suggests benefit in highly selected patient subsets, its potential impact is severely dampened by lack of regulatory body approval and the emergence of competitors for the same niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzarella
- a University of Milano, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies , European Institute of Oncology , Milano , Italia
| | - Alessandro Guida
- a University of Milano, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies , European Institute of Oncology , Milano , Italia
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- a University of Milano, Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies , European Institute of Oncology , Milano , Italia
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Abstract
This current review focuses on current concepts and controversies for select key salivary gland epithelial neoplasms. Rather than the traditional organization of benign and malignant tumors, this review is structured around select key topics: biphasic tumors, mammary analogue secretory carcinoma, and the controversy surrounding polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and cribriform adenocarcinoma of (minor) salivary gland origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja R Seethala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, A614.X Presbyterian University Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Abstract
Malignant salivary gland epithelial tumors are histologically diverse with at least 24 recognized distinct entities. In general, malignant tumors account for 15% to 30% of parotid tumors, 40% to 45% of submandibular tumors, 70% to 90% of sublingual tumors, and 50% of minor salivary tumors. Common malignancies include mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, salivary duct carcinoma, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, polymorphous lowgrade adenocarcinoma, and myoepithelial carcinoma. Each tumor type has its own unique histologic variants and prognostic pathologic features, and only mucoepidermoid carcinomas have a formalized grading system. The molecular pathogenesis of certain tumors, such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma, has recently begun to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja R Seethala
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, A614.X PUH, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - E Leon Barnes
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, A608 PUH, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Morais Freitas V, Nogueira da Gama de Souza L, Cyreno Oliveira E, Furuse C, Cavalcanti de Araújo V, Gastaldoni Jaeger R. Malignancy-related 67kDa laminin receptor in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Effect on migration and beta-catenin expression. Oral Oncol 2007; 43:987-98. [PMID: 17257887 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant salivary gland neoplasm with recurrence and metastasis. We studied the expression of a malignancy-related non-integrin laminin receptor, the 67LR, in this neoplasm. Immunohistochemistry showed 67LR in adenoid cystic carcinoma. This receptor binds a sequence of laminin beta1 chain, the YIGSR peptide. We studied the effect of 67LR and YIGSR in cells (CAC2) from adenoid cystic carcinoma. Three-dimensional cultures of cells embedded into either laminin-111 gel (controls) or YIGSR-enriched laminin-111 (treated) were prepared and studied by light microscopy. CAC2 cells treated with YIGSR appeared fibroblast-like, while control cells were epithelioid. Blockage of 67LR by antibody abolished YIGSR effect in three-dimensional cultures. We analysed the relevance of 67LR and YIGSR on beta-catenin expression in CAC2 cells. Immunofluorescence and immunoblot showed that YIGSR decreased beta-catenin, while blockage of 67LR restored the presence of this molecule. The 67LR and YIGSR induced fibroblast-like morphology in CAC2 cells, with disruption of cell-cell contacts and decrease of beta-catenin. These features resemble epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT also increases cell migration. In monolayer assays YIGSR increased migration of CAC2 cells. We conclude that 67LR and YIGSR are involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, modulation of beta-catenin expression, and migratory activity of CAC2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Morais Freitas
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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