1
|
Matsumoto T, Iizuka T, Nakamura M, Suzuki T, Yamamoto M, Ono M, Kagami K, Kasama H, Wakae K, Muramatsu M, Horike SI, Kyo S, Yamamoto Y, Mizumoto Y, Daikoku T, Fujiwara H. FOXP4 inhibits squamous differentiation of atypical cells in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia via an ELF3-dependent pathway. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3376-3389. [PMID: 35838233 PMCID: PMC9530870 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is effective for preventing cervical cancers, this vaccine does not eliminate pre‐existing infections, and alternative strategies have been warranted. Here, we report that FOXP4 is a new target molecule for differentiation therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). An immunohistochemical study showed that FOXP4 was expressed in columnar epithelial, reserve, and immature squamous cells, but not in mature squamous cells of the normal uterine cervix. In contrast with normal mature squamous cells, FOXP4 was expressed in atypical squamous cells in CIN and squamous cell carcinoma lesions. The FOXP4‐positive areas significantly increased according to the CIN stages from CIN1 to CIN3. In monolayer cultures, downregulation of FOXP4 attenuated proliferation and induced squamous differentiation in CIN1‐derived HPV 16‐positive W12 cells via an ELF3‐dependent pathway. In organotypic raft cultures, FOXP4‐downregulated W12 cells showed mature squamous phenotypes of CIN lesions. In human keratinocyte‐derived HaCaT cells, FOXP4 downregulation also induced squamous differentiation via an ELF3‐dependent pathway. These findings suggest that downregulation of FOXP4 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes the differentiation of atypical cells in CIN lesions. Based on these results, we propose that FOXP4 is a novel target molecule for nonsurgical CIN treatment that inhibits CIN progression by inducing squamous differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Iizuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takuma Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Kagami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Haruki Kasama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kousho Wakae
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Horike
- Division of Integrated Omics research, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasunari Mizumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Division of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Archer LK, Frame FM, Walker HF, Droop AP, McDonald GLK, Kucko S, Berney DM, Mann VM, Simms MS, Maitland NJ. ETS transcription factor ELF3 (ESE-1) is a cell cycle regulator in benign and malignant prostate. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1365-1387. [PMID: 35472129 PMCID: PMC9249341 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the role of ELF3, an ETS family member in normal prostate growth and prostate cancer. Silencing ELF3 in both benign prostate (BPH-1) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines resulted in decreased colony forming ability, inhibition of cell migration and reduced cell viability due to cell cycle arrest, establishing ELF3 as a cell cycle regulator. Increased ELF3 expression in more advanced prostate tumours was shown by immunostaining of tissue microarrays and from analysis of gene expression and genetic alteration studies. This study indicates that ELF3 functions as part of normal prostate epithelial growth but also as a potential oncogene in advanced prostate cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne K. Archer
- Cancer Research UnitDepartment of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonUK
| | - Fiona M. Frame
- Cancer Research UnitDepartment of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonUK
| | - Hannah F. Walker
- Cancer Research UnitDepartment of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonUK
| | | | | | - Samuel Kucko
- Cancer Research UnitDepartment of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonUK
| | - Daniel M. Berney
- Department of Molecular OncologyBarts Cancer InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonUK
| | - Vincent M. Mann
- Cancer Research UnitDepartment of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonUK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chitturi Suryaprakash RT, Kujan O, Shearston K, Farah CS. Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate Oral Carcinogenesis: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9520. [PMID: 33327663 PMCID: PMC7765087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) cell culture models, such as spheroids, organoids, and organotypic cultures, are more physiologically representative of the human tumor microenvironment (TME) than traditional two-dimensional (2-D) cell culture models. They have been used as in vitro models to investigate various aspects of oral cancer but, to date, have not be widely used in investigations of the process of oral carcinogenesis. The aim of this scoping review was to evaluate the use of 3-D cell cultures in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) research, with a particular emphasis on oral carcinogenesis studies. Databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched to identify research applying 3-D cell culture techniques to cells from normal, dysplastic, and malignant oral mucosae. A total of 119 studies were included for qualitative analysis including 53 studies utilizing spheroids, 62 utilizing organotypic cultures, and 4 using organoids. We found that 3-D oral carcinogenesis studies had been limited to just two organotypic culture models and that to date, spheroids and organoids had not been utilized for this purpose. Spheroid culture was most frequently used as a tumorosphere forming assay and the organoids cultured from human OSCCs most often used in drug sensitivity testing. These results indicate that there are significant opportunities to utilize 3-D cell culture to explore the development of oral cancer, particularly as the physiological relevance of these models continues to improve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (R.T.C.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Kate Shearston
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (R.T.C.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Camile S. Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research and Education, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Oral, Maxillofacial and Dental Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Head & Neck Pathology, Australian Clinical Labs, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ibarra IL, Hollmann NM, Klaus B, Augsten S, Velten B, Hennig J, Zaugg JB. Mechanistic insights into transcription factor cooperativity and its impact on protein-phenotype interactions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:124. [PMID: 31913281 PMCID: PMC6949242 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent high-throughput transcription factor (TF) binding assays revealed that TF cooperativity is a widespread phenomenon. However, a global mechanistic and functional understanding of TF cooperativity is still lacking. To address this, here we introduce a statistical learning framework that provides structural insight into TF cooperativity and its functional consequences based on next generation sequencing data. We identify DNA shape as driver for cooperativity, with a particularly strong effect for Forkhead-Ets pairs. Follow-up experiments reveal a local shape preference at the Ets-DNA-Forkhead interface and decreased cooperativity upon loss of the interaction. Additionally, we discover many functional associations for cooperatively bound TFs. Examination of the link between FOXO1:ETV6 and lymphomas reveals that their joint expression levels improve patient clinical outcome stratification. Altogether, our results demonstrate that inter-family cooperative TF binding is driven by position-specific DNA readout mechanisms, which provides an additional regulatory layer for downstream biological functions. Although transcription factor (TF) cooperativity is widespread, a global mechanistic understanding of the role of TF cooperativity is still lacking. Here the authors introduce a statistical learning framework that provides structural insight into TF cooperativity and its functional consequences based on next generation sequencing data and provide mechanistic insights into TF cooperativity and its impact on protein-phenotype interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio L Ibarra
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nele M Hollmann
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Collaboration for Joint PhD Degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Klaus
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Augsten
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Velten
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janosch Hennig
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judith B Zaugg
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Zhao X, Wang M, Ji W. Key modules and hub genes identified by coexpression network analysis for revealing novel biomarkers for larynx squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19832-19840. [PMID: 31310372 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Larynx squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Numerous genes have been identified to be aberrantly expressed during the development of LSCC. However, currently, researchers focus more on the individual molecule and downstream genes, leaving the coexpression among genes and key upstream disease driver genes unexploited. In this study, we applied weighted gene coexpression analysis (WGCNA) to decipher potential hub genes driving the development of LSCC. After downloading of LSCC microarray profile from gene expression omnibus, different expression analysis was performed, which was used to conduct functional enrichment analysis. Then, we applied WGCNA to highlight the hub genes which were relevant to the carcinogenesis and progression. A total of 2858 differentially expressed genes were identified in LSCC samples compared with adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. WGCNA revealed three LSCC set-specific modules having significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment effect, including pink, cyan, and black module. Nine hub genes were identified to be crucial in LSCC onset and progression, which may assist clinical decisions and serve as potential targets for LSCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Sleep Medical Center, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyue Ji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scholz GM, Sulaiman NS, Al Baiiaty S, Kwa MQ, Reynolds EC. A novel regulatory relationship between RIPK4 and ELF3 in keratinocytes. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1916-1922. [PMID: 27667567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocytes are central to the barrier functions of surface epithelia, such as the gingiva and epidermis. RIPK4 is a key regulator of keratinocyte differentiation; however, the signalling pathways in which it functions remain poorly defined. In this study, we identified a regulatory relationship between RIPK4 and ELF3, an ETS family transcription factor. RIPK4 was shown to be important for the upregulation of ELF3 gene expression by the PKC agonist PMA in both oral and epidermal keratinocytes. RIPK4 promotes keratinocyte differentiation in part by phosphorylating and thereby activating the IRF6 transcription factor. Significantly, silencing of IRF6 inhibited the PMA-inducible expression of ELF3. A role for the GRHL3 transcription factor, a downstream target gene of IRF6, in the regulation of ELF3 expression was similarly demonstrated. ELF3 has previously been shown to regulate the expression of SPPR1A and SPRR1B, small proline-rich proteins that contribute to the cornification of keratinocytes. Consistently, RIPK4 and IRF6 were important for the PMA-inducible expression of SPRR1A and SPRR1B. They were also important for the upregulation of TGM1, a transglutaminase that catalyses the cross-linking of proteins, including small proline-rich proteins, during keratinocyte cornification. RIPK4 was also shown to upregulate the expression of TGM2 independently of IRF6. Collectively, our findings position RIPK4 upstream of a hierarchal IRF6-GRHL3-ELF3 transcription factor pathway in keratinocytes, as well as provide insight into a potential role for RIPK4 in the regulation of keratinocyte cornification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glen M Scholz
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nur S Sulaiman
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sahar Al Baiiaty
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mei Qi Kwa
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdulmajeed AA, Farah CS. Gene expression profiling for the purposes of biomarker discovery in oral potentially malignant lesions: a systematic review. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2013; 7:279-90. [PMID: 24250244 PMCID: PMC3825664 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Early and accurate diagnosis of oral potentially malignant lesions (OPML) is of critical importance in preventing malignant transformation. Although histopathological interpretation of the degree of epithelial dysplasia is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, this method is subjective and lacks sensitivity. Therefore, many attempts have been made to identify objective molecular biomarkers to improve diagnosis. Microarray technology has the advantage of screening the expression of the whole genome making it one of the best tools for searching for novel biomarkers. However, microarray studies of OPMLs are limited, and no review has been published to highlight and compare their findings. In this paper, we systematically review all studies that have incorporated microarray analyses in the investigation of gene profile alterations in OPMLs and suggest a set of commonly dysregulated genes across multiple gene expression profile studies. This list of common genes may help focus selection of markers for further analysis regarding their importance in the diagnosis and prognosis of OPMLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Abdulmajeed
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia. ; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdulmajeed AA, Farah CS. Can immunohistochemistry serve as an alternative to subjective histopathological diagnosis of oral epithelial dysplasia? BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2013; 5:49-60. [PMID: 24179398 PMCID: PMC3798313 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many attempts have been made to identify objective molecular biomarkers to diagnose and prognosticate oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) because histopathological interpretation is subjective and lacks sensitivity. The majority of these efforts describe changes in gene expression at protein level in OED as determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). However, the literature on these putative markers of oral cancer progression is vast and varied. The main purpose of this article is to review current knowledge on biomarkers of protein expression for OED by IHC approaches. We further discuss these findings in terms of the proposed essential hallmarks of cancer cells to better understand their role in oral oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Abdulmajeed
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|