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John S, Jain A, Devi P, Gupta S, Raghuvanshi S. How predominant cell and stroma types harmonize to predict head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma outcomes? Med J Armed Forces India 2024; 80:404-411. [PMID: 39071760 PMCID: PMC11279721 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon tumor that usually appears in the major salivary glands of the head and neck region, including the minor glands in the oral cavity, sinonasal tract, and other sites. ACC of the head and neck may have a low-grade histological appearance. This malignant tumor has unusual clinical characteristics such as occasional regional lymph node metastases and a prolonged yet continuously advancing clinical course. Additionally, it is an invasive tumor with perineural invasion, difficult-to-clear margins, metastasis, and localized recurrence. The cribriform and tubular proliferation of basaloid cells, which mostly display a myoepithelial cellular phenotype, are ACC's distinct histologic characteristics. The degree of genetic alterations and aneuploidy observed in tumor genomes are linked to the severity of histologic grade, which correlates with clinical prognosis. The three predominant cell types (PCTs) i.e., conventional ACC (C-ACC), myoepithelial-predominant ACC (M-ACC), and epithelial-predominant ACC (E-ACC)-and their respective applications will be reviewed. The function of extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as laminin, type IV collagen, fibronectin, and tenascin are also emphasized. An attempt has been made to explore the recent molecular diversity, regulatory pathways prevalent in PCT, ECM with its genetic changes, and translational utility with targeted therapies for ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon John
- Resident (Oral Pathology), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Ayushi Jain
- Resident (Oral Pathology), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Priya Devi
- Resident (Oral Pathology), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Professor & Head (Oral Pathology), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Shivanjali Raghuvanshi
- Additional Professor (General Pathology), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
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Elsherbiny R, Emile MH, Ibrahim MMA, Ismail LEM. Evaluation of cell proliferation marker CDC-7 in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155098. [PMID: 38183819 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is considered one of the most common destructive types of malignant salivary gland tumor that have high affinity to perineural invasion (PNI). This study was conducted to access different histological features of AdCC, and assessment of the immunohistochemical expression of CDC-7. METHODS Thirty formalin-fixed paraffin incorporated tissue blocks of AdCC were classified according to the WHO histopathological types. The immune-expression of CDC-7 positive area was evaluated according to percentage area as following: Negative = 0 %, Weak = 1-10 %, Moderate = 11-49 %, and Strong = 50-100. The correlations between expression of the marker and different clinico-pathological variables were investigated using Chi-square (χ2) test. The P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The expression of CDC-7 revealed statistical significant difference between the different tumor types (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The biological behavior of AdCC can be predicated from the expression of CDC-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawda Elsherbiny
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mona Hany Emile
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Lawahez El M Ismail
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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de Morais EF, de Farias Morais HG, de Almeida Freitas R, Coletta RD. Prognostic Significance of Histopathological Parameters for Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:262. [PMID: 37999026 PMCID: PMC10670021 DOI: 10.3390/dj11110262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare salivary gland tumor that accounts for approximately 1% of all head and neck cancers. Despite its initial indolent behavior, long-term survival is poor due to locoregional recurrence in approximately 40% and distant metastasis in up to 60% of patients who undergo radical treatment. The histological parameters of ACC and the combination of these parameters in histopathological grading systems provide valuable prognostic information about the clinical course of the disease. Within this context, this review aims to analyze the impact of histopathological parameters, individual or combined in histopathological grading systems of malignancy, on ACC prognosis. Individual histopathological parameters such as solid pattern, presence of tumor necrosis, high-grade transformation, dominance of the epithelial component, presence of perineural and lymphovascular invasion, and positive surgical margins have negative impacts on the survival of patients with ACC. There are currently four histopathological grading systems for ACC; however, few studies have validated these systems and most of them explored small cohorts with short follow-up. Considering that the application of grading systems has been associated with ACC prognosis, a broader validation will allow not only their use for prognostic prediction but also assist in treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Freitas de Morais
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, SP, Brazil;
| | - Hannah Gil de Farias Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59000-000, RN, Brazil; (H.G.d.F.M.); (R.d.A.F.)
| | - Roseana de Almeida Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59000-000, RN, Brazil; (H.G.d.F.M.); (R.d.A.F.)
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, SP, Brazil
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Brayer KJ, Kang H, El-Naggar AK, Andreasen S, Homøe P, Kiss K, Mikkelsen L, Heegaard S, Pelaez D, Moeyersoms A, Tse DT, Guo Y, Lee DY, Ness SA. Dominant Gene Expression Profiles Define Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) from Different Tissues: Validation of a Gene Signature Classifier for Poor Survival in Salivary Gland ACC. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1390. [PMID: 36900183 PMCID: PMC10000625 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive malignancy that most often arises in salivary or lacrimal glands but can also occur in other tissues. We used optimized RNA-sequencing to analyze the transcriptomes of 113 ACC tumor samples from salivary gland, lacrimal gland, breast or skin. ACC tumors from different organs displayed remarkedly similar transcription profiles, and most harbored translocations in the MYB or MYBL1 genes, which encode oncogenic transcription factors that may induce dramatic genetic and epigenetic changes leading to a dominant 'ACC phenotype'. Further analysis of the 56 salivary gland ACC tumors led to the identification of three distinct groups of patients, based on gene expression profiles, including one group with worse survival. We tested whether this new cohort could be used to validate a biomarker developed previously with a different set of 68 ACC tumor samples. Indeed, a 49-gene classifier developed with the earlier cohort correctly identified 98% of the poor survival patients from the new set, and a 14-gene classifier was almost as accurate. These validated biomarkers form a platform to identify and stratify high-risk ACC patients into clinical trials of targeted therapies for sustained clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. Brayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Huining Kang
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Adel K. El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Simon Andreasen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, 4600 Køge, Denmark
| | - Preben Homøe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, 4600 Køge, Denmark
| | - Katalin Kiss
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lauge Mikkelsen
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Pelaez
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Acadia Moeyersoms
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David T. Tse
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Orbital Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - David Y. Lee
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Section of Radiation Oncology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Scott A. Ness
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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